Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro activity of cefpirome, a new cyclopyridinium cephalosporin, was evaluated against 947 aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Cefpirome inhibited 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter diversus, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Aeromonas spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Haemophilus and Neisseria species at less than or equal to 0.4 mg/l. It had activity comparable to that of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and moxalactam against these species. Only a few Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp. and Serratia marcescens had MICs above 3.1 mg/l. The activity of cefpirome against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 90% MIC of 12.5 mg/l, was superior to piperacillin, moxalactam, cefotaxime and cefoperazone. The 90% MIC against Staphylococcus aureus was 0.8 mg/l, but methicillin-resistant staphylococci were not inhibited. Cefpirome was not significantly hydrolyzed by most plasmid beta-lactamases (TEM, SHV-1, PSE, OXA) nor by chromosomal enzymes (P99, Branhamella catarrhalis, K1). Cefpirome did not inhibit chromosomal or plasmid beta-lactamases. Mice systemically infected with E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were protected by concentrations of cefpirome ranging from 0.85 mg/kg for K. pneumoniae to 4.467 mg/kg for P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:The in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome (HR 810), a pyridine cephalosporin agent active against staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 392 97

Pyridinium-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline chromophore was evaluated as a test tube, filter paper and spectrophotometric assay for detection of beta-lactamases from gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although useful for detection of TEM beta-lactamases in Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, it was a poor agent for detecting TEM, OXA and PSE enzymes in Enterobacteriaceae. It also proved poor for detecting cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, and penicillinases in Staphylococcus aureus when compared to nitrocefin. As a spectrophotometric substrate it was equivalent to nitrocefin and cephaloridine with various beta-lactamases.
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PMID:Pyridinium 2-azo-p-dimethylaniline chromophore, a chromogenic reagent for beta-lactamase testing compared to nitrocefin. 633 17

A rapid, simple assay for screening large numbers of Escherichia coli colonies for production of certain plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases (including TEM-1, TEM-2, HMS-1, SHV-1, OXA-1, PSE-1, PSE-4, and CEP-2) is described. The technique, a modification of the method of Slack et al. for detection of beta-lactamase in limited numbers of Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates (Lancet ii:906, 1977), uses filter paper impregnated with benzylpenicillin and a pH indicator dye (bromocresol purple) that changes color in the presence of beta-lactamase activity. The test paper is briefly applied to an agar surface containing bacterial colonies which are subsequently scored individually on the paper by color: yellow indicates the presence of beta-lactamase, dark green its absence, and variegation (yellow and dark green) a mixed population. Concordance of the results of this assay with those of replica plating for antibiotic resistance was over 99%. Hundreds of colonies per plate can be scored quickly and remain viable for further evaluation. The assay appears to be useful for studies of the stability of plasmids encoding beta-lactamases and in cloning with vectors such as pBR322 in which insertion of DNA fragments can be detected by inactivation of the beta-lactamase gene. Whenever the assay is to be used, results should always be confirmed initially by another method, such as replica plating, because the test paper assay does not detect three beta-lactamases (OXA-2, OXA-3, and PSE-2) and also would miss intrinsic penicillin resistance.
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PMID:Rapid method for screening large numbers of Escherichia coli colonies for production of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases. 634 Jun 5

HR810 (Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc., Somerville, N.J.) is a new, cyclical-pyridinium cephalosporin that appeared superior to numerous comparison drugs against 658 strains of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Seventeen Enterobacteriaceae spp. were tested by broth microdilution methods, and the 50% MICs (MIC50S) and 90% MICs (MIC90s) were 0.03 to 0.12 and 0.03 to 2.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. Only one strain had an MIC greater than 8.0 micrograms/ml (99.6% is considered susceptible). HR810 inhibited 98% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates at less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml, and the MIC90 for Acinetobacter spp. was 4.0 micrograms/ml. It was also very active against Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC90, 0.5 micrograms/ml) but marginally active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains (MIC90, 16 micrograms/ml) and enterococcus (MIC90, 32 micrograms/ml). Non-enterococcal streptococci had MIC50s ranging from 0.008 micrograms/ml for Streptococcus pyogenes to 0.12 micrograms/ml for pneumococci. All MICs of HR810 against Haemophilus and Neisseria spp. were less than or equal to 0.03 micrograms/ml (MIC50, 0.002 to 0.008 micrograms/ml). HR810 poorly inhibited beta-lactamases and was very stable against 11 tested beta-lactamases of plasmid (TEM, OXA, SHV-1, and PSE) and chromosomal (K1, K14, P99) types.
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PMID:In vitro evaluation of HR810, a new wide-spectrum aminothiazolyl alpha-methoxyimino cephalosporin. 661 Nov 35

The antimicrobial activity of cefpirome was compared with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin and amikacin against 743 non-duplicate clinical isolates. MIC50 and MIC90 showed that the antibiotic was active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Cefpirome was highly active against most of the Enterobacteriaceae, including indole-positive Proteus spp., Aeromonas spp. (MIC < or = 1 mg/L) and Salmonella spp. (MIC < or = 0.5 mg/L). Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase producers) were all susceptible, with MIC less than 0.5 and 0.25 mg/L respectively. Cefpirome was more active than cefuroxime and ceftazidime against Campylobacter spp. (MIC < or = 2 mg/L), but less active than ceftazidime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefpirome was active against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus bovis and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MIC < or = 0.5 mg/L) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MIC < or = 2 mg/L). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes were resistant to cefpirome. The stability of cefpirome to TEM-1, TEM-2, PSE-1, SHV-1 and the chromosomal-mediated P99 and K-1 beta-lactamases was comparable to ceftazidime.
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PMID:The antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome, a new fourth-generation cephalosporin in comparison with other agents. 833 98


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