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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

103 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 55 patients with bacteriologically proven meningitis (caused mainly by Neisseria meningitidis group A and Haemophilus influenzae type b) and from 29 patients with unproved meningitis or other diseases were studied using the latex agglutination (LA) test to demonstrate bacterial antigen in CSF. The tests for N. meningitidis groups A and C and H. ineluenzae type b were found to be rapid, reliable and specific for the serological group of the organism. The demonstration of N. meningitidis group B antigen has not succeeded with the test. Negative results were obtained from culture-positive samples in 4 cases where the bacterial growth was scanty. On the other hand the LA test was clearly positive on 3 occasions in which meningococci did not grow in cultures because of initiated antibacterial therapy or delay before culturing. False-positive results were rare (2 cases). The LA test was found to be at least as sensitive as counterimmunoelectrophoresis in demonstrating bacterial antigens in CSF.
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PMID:The latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of meningococcal and haemophilus influenzae meningitis. 41 94

Recently, advances in identifying the etiologic agent, improving antibiotic therapy, and understanding the pathogenesis of complications of bacterial meningitis have been made. The acute and long-term sequelae and their courses have been documented. Acridine orange staining of the cerebrospinal fluid may identify bacteria in children with partially treated meningitis when gram-staining is not helpful. Monoclonal antibodies for meningococcus group B antigen have been developed and may prove useful for testing cerebrospinal fluid. Several newer cephalosporins have been shown to have excellent in vitro activity against the bacteria commonly associated with meningitis. They are indicated in the treatment of infants between 4 and 8 weeks of age, children in septic shock, children with liver disease, and children with infection with gram-negative enteric agents or bacteria resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Vasculitis and cerebral infarction may result in some of the complications, such as seizures and hemiparesis, noted in children, and their consequences can be documented by various neuroimaging procedures. The prognosis for ataxia is good, while that for sensorineural deafness is poor. The majority of children will have neither intellectual deficits nor difficulty with academic achievement. An effective vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b has been developed and is recommended for children between 18 and 60 months of age.
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PMID:Update on bacterial meningitis. 328 49