Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infant rats inoculated intraperitoneally with Haemophilus influenzae type b develop bacteremia and meningitis. Rats were infected at 10 to 12 days of age and studied for the development of serum anticapsular antibody and bactericidal and opsonizing activity. Seven and 11 weeks after inoculation, convalescent animals showed a higher frequency of anticapsular antibody responses than uninfected controls, but 35 to 40% of the infected group had undetectable levels of anticapsular antibody (<0.10 mug/ml). In contrast, all of the convalescent animals, but none of the controls, showed moderate titers of serum bactericidal activity; and bactericidal activity persisted after absorption of the convalescent sera with type b capsule. Bactericidal activity was detected primarily in the eluted fraction corresponding to a molecular weight of 150,000 and was present in the offspring of convalescent females. Offspring of convalescent females were protected against challenge with H. influenzae type b, and control offspring could also be protected by passive immunization with convalescent serum which lacked detectable anticapsular antibody. Convalescent serum samples efficiently opsonized H. influenzae type b, and this activity persisted after absorption of the serum with capsular antigen. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that antibody to the noncapsular surface antigens of H. influenzae type b play an important role in host defenses.
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PMID:Experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis: immunological investigation of the infant rat model. 30 39

Forty-seven infants and children with a variety of infections including bacteremia, ethmoiditis, and periorbital cellulitis, soft tissue infection, pneumonia, and lymphadenitis were treated with intravenous cefamandole. The infections were due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. The clinical response was prompt, and, with the exception of two cases who developed skin rash, significant side effects were not noted. In vitro cefamandole was very effective in inhibiting the growth of H. influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant isolates.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory investigation of cefamandole in infections of infants and children. 30 39

The emergence of resistance to ampicillin and other antibiotics in Haemophilus influenzae has been a relatively recent event. In contrast, drug resistance has been rampant in the Enterobacteriaceae for many years. Ampicillin-resistance in H. influenzae is almost invariably attributable to possession of the TEM (Type III a)beta-lactamase. As is common in other bacteria the gene specifying this enzyme is plasmid-borne in Haemophilus. Some ampicillin-resistant strains of H. influenzae can transfer the TEM beta-lactamase gene to other strains of Haemophilus, to Escherichia coli and to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The features of such transfer are unusual and lead for example, to the induction of adenine requirement in recipient strains of P. aeruginosa. Crypticity measurements of beta-lactamase activity show that in comparison to P. aeruginosa or E. coli, the outer membrane of H. influenzae affords only a weak penetration barrier to beta-lactam antibiotics. This may have consequences for the stability and distribution of beta-lactamase production in Haemophilus spp. which are discussed. A comparison of the molecular properties of R-plasmids determining a variety of resistances and carried by strains of H. influenzae isolated in diverse geographical locations has revealed unexpected homologies. A series of such plasmids of similar molecular weights (about 30 X 10(6)) differ substantially only in the transposable resistance genes that they carry. A model based on these findings is presented to explain the acquisition of ampicillin- and other resistances by Haemophilus.
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PMID:beta-lactamases and R-plasmids of Haemophilus influenzae. 30 59

We have studied cefuroxime, a new beta-lactamase resistant cephalosporin, and cefoxitin, the first cephamycin antibiotic, which is also resistant to many beta-lactamases. Both of these antibiotics have been shown to be microbiologically superior to the "first generation" cephalosporins, cefuroxime having notable activity against Haemophilus influenzae, and cefoxitin against Bacteroides fragilis. Neither antibiotic is absorbed from the gut but, following parenteral administration, serum, urine and bile concentrations are high. Clinical trials have been conducted on both cefoxitin and cefuroxime. The results of these have been satisfactory and untoward side-effects minimal. We suggest that cefoxitin will be particularly valuable in the management of abdominal sepsis and cefuroxime in infections caused by H. influenzae.
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PMID:Studies with cefuroxime and cefoxitin. 30 60

The role of antibodies to capsular and somatic antigens in the clearance of Haemophilus influenzae was investigated by active and passive immunization. The clearance index (k) and the proportion of strain b organisms cleared 30 min after intravenous administration (deltaY30) were greater in eight-week-old actively immunized rats (k = 0.693, deltaY30 = 4.07) than in nonimmune animals (k = 0.075, deltaY30 = 0.95)(P less than 0.025 for all); however, clearance correlated imprecisely with titers of bactericidal or anticapsular antibody. In three-week-old rats, intranasal immunization with strain b or U significantly increased (P less than 0.005) the rate of clearance of strains b and U. Passive immunization with antibodies to somatic or capsular antigens significantly increased the rate of clearance (P less than 0.001) and the proportion of bacteria cleared (P less than 0.05) with all test strains. The increased clearance associated with passive immunization correlated with increased splenic uptake of 32P-labeled H. influenzae (r = 0.83, P less than 0.025). Analysis of the disappearance of viable organisms and bacterial 32P suggested that bacteriolysis of H. influenzae did not occur during clearance of the bacteremia. Either antibody to capsular antigen or antibody to somatic antigen, administered or evoked in rats, accelerates intravenous clearance of H. influenzae by promotion of reticuloendothelial phagocytosis.
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PMID:Role of immunity in the clearance of bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenzae. 30 94

We report a case of perinatal infection that we believe is the first documented report of a congenital vesicular eruption due to Haemophilus influenzae type b and the second report of puerperal sepsis with this organism. A vesicular eruption was noted at birth on an infant delivered at 37 weeks following 34 hours' premature rupture of membranes. Gram-negative rods were seen on Gram stain of vesicular fluid, and H. influenzae type b grew on cultures of vesicular fluid. The mother sustained postpartum septicemia with the same organism. Amnionitis and funistis were demonstrated histologically. Results of all viral studies were negative. Infant and mother did well with antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Congenital vesicular eruption caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. 30 88

Clavulanic acid, Z-(2R,5R)-3-(beta-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo-[3,2,0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid, has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the beta-lactamases of the Richmond types II, III, IV, and V. Inhibition is a time-dependent reaction and is irreversible. Clavulanic acid had poor antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with minimal inhibitory levels greater than 25 mug/ml. It did inhibit the majority of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at 0.1 mug/ml and Haemophilus influenzae at 6.3 mug/ml. Clavulanic acid acted synergistically with penicillins and cephalosporins to inhibit beta-lactamase-producing S. aureus and Enterobacteriaceae. Clavulanic acid combined with ampicillin inhibited beta-lactamase-producing N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella sonnei.
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PMID:Clavulanic acid, a novel inhibitor of beta-lactamases. 31 Feb 79

The inability of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) to eradicate Haemophilus influenzae nasopharyngeal carriage in all asymptomatic patients in closed populations was examined in vitro. A broth medium was adapted for susceptibility testing of H. influenzae which permitted us to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The minimum inhibitory concentrations were all low, but the MBCs were bimodally distributed. Trimethoprim alone or the combination SXT either was bactericidal for H. influenzae isolates at low concentrations (i.e., low MBCs) similar to minimum inhibitory concentrations or showed no bactericidal activity (i.e., high MBCs). If trimethoprim was bactericidal when tested alone against H. influenzae, then the combination SXT was also bactericidal. H. influenzae carriage could not be eradicated from asymptomatic patients with SXT therapy when that combination was not bactericidal for these isolates in vitro. H. influenzae carriage was eradicated from patients when the activity of SXT was bactericidal in vitro. H. influenzae strains that are not killed by trimethoprim or SXT seem to occur at random.
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PMID:Minimum bactericidal concentration of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for Haemophilus influenzae: correlation with prophylaxis. 31 Feb 81

Osteomyelitis in adults due to Haemophilus influenzae is exceedingly rare. We report a case of H. influenzae type b vertebral osteomyelitis in an adult. Review of the English literature reveals one other adult patient with H. influenzae osteomyelitis, and sporadic pediatric cases. Although a variety of predisposing host resistance factors have been postulated to account for this infection, the deficiency responsible for adult infection remains undelineated. Bone biopsy is mandatory for diagnosis when blood cultures are negative. The isolation and identification of H. influenzae may be delayed because of its fastidious growth requirements. Treatment with ampicillin or chloramphenicol appear to be most efficacious considering the antibiotic sensitivities of the organism.
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PMID:Adult Haemophilus influenzae type B vertebral osteomyelitis: a case report and review of the literature. 31 Mar 76

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect the presence of the ribose-ribitol phosphate capsular antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b in laboratory and clinical specimens. The assay is simple, sensitive, specific, and quantitative and should prove to be of value in the diagnosis and management of H. influenzae infections.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection and quantitation of capsular antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b. 31 Apr 25


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