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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro activity of a new oral cephalosporin, ceftibuten, was determined against 837 clinical isolates by agar dilution technique and compared with that of the oral cephalosporins, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime, and cefprozil. Against Enterobacteriaceae, ceftibuten was the most active of the compounds. Ceftibuten MIC90s were less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml for most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, 0.13 microgram/ml for Haemophilus influenzae, 4 micrograms/ml for Moraxella catarrhalis, and 0.5 microgram/ml for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Ceftibuten also was active against beta-haemolytic streptococci (serogroups A, C, and G) and penicillin-susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90, 4 micrograms/ml), but was not active against Staphylococcus spp. or the anaerobic bacteria studied. Cefpodoxime and cefuroxime were the most active of the cephalosporins against nonenteric streptococci; cefprozil and cefuroxime were the most active against staphylococci, and cefaclor demonstrated the greatest activity against some Bacteroides spp. Most strains of Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas spp., and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, as well as all strains of Clostridium difficile, were resistant to each of the cephalosporins tested.
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PMID:Comparative antimicrobial spectrum and activity of ceftibuten against clinical isolates from West Germany. 201 11

Ceftibuten, compared to cefixime, cefetamet, cefpodoxime, loracarbef, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefaclor, and cefadroxil, was the most active oral cephalosporin derivative against Enterobacteriaceae producing plasmid-encoded broad spectrum beta-lactamases. In a pharmacodynamic model, ceftibuten was bactericidal for Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae at concentrations simulating human serum levels following 200 mg, p.o., b.i.d.
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PMID:Ceftibuten and bactericidal kinetics. Comparative in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases. 201 15

The in-vitro activity of ceftibuten against respiratory pathogenic bacteria was studied and compared with that of other oral beta-lactam agents. Ceftibuten displayed high activity against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. There was reduced activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90 16 mg/l). The protein binding of ceftibuten was 77% and the primary target site PBP 3. A high degree of stability to beta-lactamase hydrolysis was observed.
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PMID:Ceftibuten--in-vitro activity against respiratory pathogens, beta-lactamase stability and mechanism of action. 212 Jan 75

The antimicrobial activity and spectrum of ceftibuten (7432-S; SCH 39720) was determined on a wide variety of bacterial species selected for resistance to oral and parenteral beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. Ceftibuten was found to be the most active beta-lactam tested against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting 81.6% of strains at less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml compared with 75.0 and 54.8% of strains inhibited by cefixime and cefuroxime, respectively. All strains of Haemophilus influenzae (MIC for 90% of strains [MIC90], less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml), Branhamella catarrhalis (MIC90, 3.0 micrograms/ml), and pathogenic Neisseria spp. (MIC90, less than or equal to 0.06 and 0.019 microgram/ml) were susceptible to ceftibuten. Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. (serogroups A, B, C, and G) were also inhibited by ceftibuten, but penicillin-resistant pneumococci were generally resistant to cefixime and ceftibuten. The activity and spectrum of ceftibuten seem most applicable to infections of the respiratory and urinary tract plus those infections caused by pathogenic Neisseria spp. Ceftibuten disks (30 micrograms) were evaluated and found to have an acceptable correlation (r = 0.88) with ceftibuten MICs. Preliminary zone size interpretive criteria for MIC breakpoints of less than or equal to 4.0 and less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml were calculated.
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PMID:Antimicrobial activity, spectrum, and recommendations for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of ceftibuten (7432-S; SCH 39720), a new orally administered cephalosporin. 319 Jan 85

Ceftibuten is a new, orally administered cephalosporin with exceptional beta-lactamase stability and potency against commonly isolated Gram-negative pathogens. More than 90% of recent Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were inhibited by < or = 8 micrograms/ml of ceftibuten. In only five enteric species (Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens) were more than 15% of strains resistant (minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC, with percent of strains inhibited in subscript numbers) > 16 micrograms/ml) to ceftibuten. Enteritis-producing bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli and Yersinia were very ceftibuten-susceptible (MIC50 < or = 0.13 microgram/ml). Fastidious Gram-negative species causing respiratory tract or genital infections had very low ceftibuten MICs, including beta-lactamase-positive Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90 0.06 to 2 micrograms/ml), Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC90 0.25 to 4 micrograms/ml), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC90 0.015 to 0.5 microgram/ml). Beta-hemolytic streptococci and penicillin-susceptible pneumococci were also inhibited by ceftibuten. Staphylococci, enterococci, Pseudomonas species and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria were generally resistant to ceftibuten. Ceftibuten has demonstrated bactericidal activity against susceptible pathogens, has high affinity for several lethal penicillin-binding proteins and possesses stability to common plasmid- or chromosomal-mediated beta-lactamases, including those enzymes that hydrolyze parenteral third generation cephalosporins. The microbiologic features for ceftibuten indicate its clinical potential as chemotherapy for community-acquired respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Ceftibuten: a review of antimicrobial activity, spectrum and other microbiologic features. 756 14

Ceftibuten, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin with a novel side chain, has broad in vitro activity against most of the important respiratory pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and both beta-lactamase-negative and beta-lactamase-positive Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Furthermore it has high activity against Enterobacteriaceae, which contain classic TEM-1 beta-lactamases and those containing the new extended spectrum beta-lactamases, which hydrolyze parenteral third generation cephalosporins. Studies have shown that ceftibuten has a postantibiotic effect comparable to that of other beta-lactams against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. Blood levels achieved after a single 400-mg dose given once daily or 9 mg/kg/day taken once daily for children yield blood levels and postantibiotic inhibition for the majority of a dosing period. The in vitro and pharmacokinetic data can be correlated to provide reasonable dosing programs for the new oral cephalosporins.
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PMID:Ceftibuten: minimal inhibitory concentrations, postantibiotic effect and beta-lactamase stability--a rationale for dosing programs. 756 16

Ceftibuten is a new oral cephalosporin with an unusual stability to beta-lactamases that can hydrolyze other extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Using the chinchilla animal model, we compared the efficacy of ceftibuten (n = 33) with that of saline (n = 34), ampicillin (n = 32), and cefixime (n = 31) for the treatment of acute otitis media caused by beta-lactamase-producing nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae. Ceftibuten was superior to ampicillin regarding the time necessary to sterilize the middle ear (p < .001) and eliminate effusion (p < .001). The mean days of therapy required for bacteriologic cure were 2.57 for ceftibuten, 2.95 for cefixime, 7.95 for ampicillin, and 8.16 for saline. At the conclusion of therapy, chinchillas treated with ceftibuten had a significantly lower prevalence of positive cultures and middle ear effusion than did animals treated with ampicillin. No significant differences were observed between ceftibuten and cefixime. The results of this randomized, investigator-blinded experiment warrant further consideration of ceftibuten as a second-line agent for acute otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant H influenzae.
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PMID:Efficacy of ceftibuten for acute otitis media caused by Hemophilus influenzae: an animal study. 845 24


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