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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various aspects of immunity induced by a merthiolate-inactivated, aluminum hydroxide-absorbed chicken meat infusion (CMI) broth bacterin prepared from Haemophilus gallinarium were studied. A bacterin dose of 10-8 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml was the minimal dose which protected a significant number of chickens against intrasinus challenge with live organisms. This finding simplifies production procedures because yields of 10-8 CFU/ml of CMI broth are routinely obtained. A significant number of chickens vaccinated with the bacterin were immune to intrasinus challenge through 9 months postvaccination. On a comparative basis, an egg-yolk bacterin prepared from the same strain protected for only 3 months. Birds vaccinated with broth bacterins prepared from 2 strains of H gallinarum (17756 and M) which shared common surface antigens were immune to intrasinus inoculation with the homologous but not to the heterologous organisms. Preliminary data indicated that the broth bacterin prevented a sharp decrease in egg production when the immunity of vaccinated birds was challenged (instrasinus) at the height of egg production.
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PMID:Protective quality of an aluminum hydroxide-absorbed broth bacterin against infectious coryza. 112 72

The efficacy of experimental inactivated infectious coryza vaccines produced by a commercial vaccine manufacturer was evaluated. The vaccines, containing as the adjuvant phase either a double-emulsion mineral oil system or aluminum-hydroxide gel, were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose. Some vaccines were a monovalent product containing a Page serovar C Haemophilus paragallinarum strain, and others were a bivalent product containing both Page serovar A and serovar C strains. After 3 weeks, all chickens were challenged by infraorbital sinus inoculation of virulent H. paragallinarum, either Page serovar C (strain HP31) or Page serovar A (strain HP14). The monovalent serovar C double-emulsion-based vaccines gave significant protection against a serovar C challenge, with the level of protection varying from 60% to 100%. The monovalent serovar C aluminum-hydroxide-gel vaccine also gave significant protection (94%) against a serovar C challenge. The bivalent double-emulsion vaccine gave significant protection against challenge from both serovars (100% for serovar C and 83% for serovar A). Although no major adverse reactions were detected, some chickens receiving both the double-emulsion vaccines and the aluminum-hydroxide vaccine developed relatively minor granulomatous reactions at the site of injection.
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PMID:An evaluation of inactivated infectious coryza vaccines containing a double-emulsion adjuvant system. 141 93

Interleukins have been recognized as potential adjuvants for use during vaccination. The immunogenicity of some poorly immunogenic bacterial capsular polysaccharides have been improved by conjugation to a protein carrier. Augmentation of the immune response to these glycoconjugates, however, may be realized in the presence of interleukins. The antibody response to one such vaccine which comprises a oligosaccharide derived from the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b coupled to CRM197 (HbOC) can be augmented in this manner. A suboptimal dose (0.1 microgram) of HbOC and varying concentrations of IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta (10(2) - 5 x 10(5) U) were injected intramuscularly at 0 and 2 weeks into Swiss Webster mice. Vaccines were also formulated with and without aluminum phosphate. Antibody to the oligosaccharide was determined by Farr assay. In 3/3 experiments, IL-1 alpha enhanced primary and secondary antibody responses whereas with IL-1 beta, only a slight increase in the primary antibody response was seen but enhanced secondary responses were observed. Thus, IL-1 alpha and to some extent IL-1 beta enhanced the primary and secondary antibody responses to a glycoconjugate vaccine.
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PMID:Augmentation by interleukins of the antibody response to a conjugate vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae b. 180 64

Three trials were conducted to establish if young primary specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs could be protected from Glasser's disease by vaccination. Three age groups of cesarean-derived isolator-reared gnotobiotic pigs were vaccinated twice at 4 and 6, 3 and 5, and 2 and 4 wk of age respectively with a formalin killed aluminum hydroxide adsorbed bacterin prepared from three strains of Haemophilus parasuis isolated from Ontario pigs affected with Glasser's disease. When challenged two weeks later with the homologous strains of virulent bacteria, all the vaccinated pigs remained healthy, while 17/18 nonvaccinated pigs became severely sick or died between three and seven days postchallenge. The one surviving nonimmunized pig was retarded in growth. All of the nonimmunized pigs had visible lesions of polyserositis, the most common being polyarthritis (14/18). Other lesions were fibrinous meningitis, pericarditis, pleurisy and/or peritonitis. Two of the pigs died with a septicemia. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from 15/18 nonimmunized pigs, usually from several of the affected sites. The organisms were not isolated from the immunized pigs, nor from the surviving nonimmunized pig. Attempts to detect the presence of specific antibodies against the H. parasuis strains in the sera of the immunized or exposed pigs by the passive hemagglutination test or by enzyme linked immunoassay were unsuccessful. The results of this work indicate that primary SPF pigs can be protected from Glasser's disease by vaccination as early as 2 and 4 wk of age. The nature of this protective mechanism was not established in this study.
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PMID:Vaccination of gnotobiotic primary specific pathogen-free pigs against Haemophilus parasuis. 183 78

In an attempt to establish if cross protection can be induced by different strains of Haemophilus parasuis, three groups of 12 gnotobiotic pigs were immunized each with an aluminum hydroxide adsorbed whole cell bacterin of one of three H. parasuis strains. Two weeks later, four pigs within each vaccinated group were challenged with aerosols of live cultures of each of the three test strains and observed for response. Two virulent strains V1 and V2 protected all the vaccinated pigs, while all nonvaccinated controls succumbed to Glasser's disease when challenged with these strains. Vaccination with strain LV (of low virulence) protected the pigs against challenge with strain V2, but not against strain V1. Strain LV did not cause disease in the immunized animals and only in one of ten nonimmunized pigs upon second challenge. The results suggest that strains may differ in antigenicity and that virulence and immunoprotection are positively related. Strains to be used in commercial vaccines should therefore be selected carefully. Antibodies detected in the sera of vaccinated pigs were to outer membrane proteins of the bacteria, but not to lipopolysaccharides or capsular polysaccharides. This would suggest that for gnotobiotic pigs outer membrane proteins are more immunogenic than lipopolysaccharide or capsular antigens. Further work is needed to determine if outer membrane proteins also contribute protective immunogens.
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PMID:Cross protection among Haemophilus parasuis strains in immunized gnotobiotic pigs. 188 82

Specific-pathogen-free chickens were given infectious coryza vaccines containing inactivated cells of Haemophilus paragallinarum adsorbed onto an aluminum-hydroxide gel. The vaccines were protective when given subcutaneously or intramuscularly but not when given intranasally. Vaccines prepared with two different commercial brands of aluminum-hydroxide gel gave similar protection. Vaccines in which the inactivating agent was thimerosal were more protective than similar vaccines in which the inactivating agent was formalin. Monovalent vaccines protected against challenge only from organisms of the same agglutination serovar, whereas bivalent vaccines protected against challenge from organisms of either serovar. A single dose of the vaccine, given at 16 weeks of age, was not as effective as two doses given at 12 and 16 weeks of age in protecting against challenge 12, 25, or 56 weeks after vaccination.
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PMID:Further efficacy studies on inactivated, aluminum-hydroxide-adsorbed vaccines against infectious coryza. 296 Mar 12

Inactivated infectious coryza vaccines containing different adjuvants were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose containing 10(8) colony-forming units of Haemophilus paragallinarum HP31. After 3 weeks, all chickens were challenged by intrasinus inoculation of HP31. Two vaccines, one containing an aluminum-hydroxide adjuvant and the other a combined aluminum-hydroxide + avridine (a lipoidal amine) adjuvant, were effective. The three remaining vaccines--containing mineral-oil double-emulsion, avridine, or a combination of mineral-oil double-emulsion + avridine--gave much lower levels of protection. No adverse reactions were seen with any vaccine.
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PMID:Further comparison of adjuvants for an inactivated infectious coryza vaccine. 320 76

Differently formulated inactivated infectious coryza vaccines were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose of 10(8) colony-forming units of Haemophilus paragallinarum HP31. After 3 weeks, all chickens were challenged by intrasinus inoculation of HP31. Two vaccines, one containing an aluminum-hydroxide adjuvant and the other a combined aluminum-hydroxide + mineral-oil adjuvant, gave the best protection (means of 80% and 90%, respectively). Two vaccines that contained mineral oil as the sole adjuvant gave less protection (50% and 35%). The Quil A vaccine gave no significant protection. Granulomatous swellings developed at the site of injection in birds given mineral-oil adjuvant but not in those that received other adjuvants.
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PMID:Comparison of adjuvants for an inactivated infectious coryza vaccine. 357 95

Tissue damage caused by six different adjuvants incorporated in a Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae vaccine was compared in swine. The adjuvants compared were four mineral oil compounds, one peanut oil compound and aluminum hydroxide. Inoculations were given in the neck, quadriceps and semitendinosus muscles. The mineral oil adjuvants were highly irritant and caused extensive areas of granulomatous inflammation that were present at eight weeks after injection. The aluminum hydroxide produced smaller lesions that also persisted for eight weeks. Only the peanut oil adjuvant did not produce significant lesions at the site of injection. At two and four weeks, but not at eight weeks postinoculation, lesions in the quadriceps and semitendinosus muscles were approximately twice as extensive as those in the muscles of the neck.
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PMID:Comparison of tissue reactions produced by Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae vaccines made with six different adjuvants in swine. 401 80

Polysaccharide-protein complex prepared from Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eagan was evaluated for toxicity and immunogenicity in adult volunteers given intramuscular injection. Most subjects had moderate local inflammation that was maximal the day after vaccination. No lot of vaccine significantly exceeded a saline placebo in production of systemic symptoms. Neither the local nor the systemic reactions of individual subjects appeared to be related to prevaccination serum antibody titers. Serum antibody responses to the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitolphosphate [PRP]) component were detected in approximately 80% of the subjects. The PRP content of the vaccine antigens varied, and the rate and extent of responses were as expected for an equivalent dose of purified PRP vaccine. Antibody responses were not enhanced by aluminum phosphate. There was no booster response to a second injection given after six months. Responses to the residual lipopolysaccharide component occurred in 80% of the subjects, primarily in the IgG class. Responses to the nonlipopolysaccharide somatic components were detected less frequently.
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PMID:A polysaccharide-protein complex from Haemophilus influenzae type b. III. Vaccine trial in human adults. 703 78


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