UMLS:C0348321 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nucleotide sequence of a double stranded DNA fragment from the gene AB region of bacteriophage S13 DNA has been determined. The fragment was isolated as two adjacent shorter fragments by cleavage of S13 replicative form (RF) DNA with restriction endonuclease III from Hemophilus aegyptius. The strands of the fragments were separated electrophoretically and hydrolyzed with T4 endonuclease IV to yield short oligonucleotides which were then sequenced by partial exonuclease digestion. The complete nucleotide sequence of the restriction fragments was obtained by ordering the inter- and intrastrand overlapping oligonucleotide sequences. The adjacent fragments were 190 nucleotides in length. The sequences included a HindII site, an AluI site and two sequences which may be possible transcription initiation sequences, one with an adjacent sequence homologous to the canonical promoter site sequence T-A-T-Pu-A-T-Pu. Examination of the three possible reading frames for translation of the sequence revealed only one possible complete translation product. The postulated partial sequence of gene A protein has a highly positively charged arginine-rich area which may have importance in DNA binding.
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PMID:The nucleotide sequence of two restriction fragments located in the gene AB region of bacteriophage S13. 90 72

Sixty-eight Haemophilus somnus strains isolated from the bovine in Canada and the U.S.A. were compared. In media enriched with 5% ovine serum, 5% bovine serum and 10% yeast extract, H. somnus fermented glucose, levulose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose, but failed to ferment arabinose, dulcitol, galactose, inositol, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin and sucrose. The organisms acidified litmus milk, produced cytochrome oxidase, indole and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and reduced nitrates to nitrites. The motility, methyl-red, acetylmethyl-carbinol urease catalase, citrate, malonate, lysine, ornithine and arginine tests were negative. Haemophilus somnus was resistant to lincomycin, neomycin and triple sulfa, but susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, penicillin and tetracycline. No antigenic differences were noted between strains when tested against rabbit antisera of eight strains using agglutination, complement-fixation, immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis tests. Low titre cross-reactions were found in the agglutination tests with some of the anti-H. somnus rabbit sera with Actinobacillus lignieresi and Moraxella bovis. No distinct antigenic similarities to nine other species of pathogenic bacteria of animal origin were found. No difference was observed between H. somnus isolates from Ontario and those from western Canada and the U.S.A.
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PMID:A comparison of various Haemophilus somnus strains. 92 55

The V region repertoire of the human antibody response to the type b capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae (Hib-PS) is being defined at the molecular level using antibodies purified from serum of immunized adults. The VH of this response is restricted to the VHIII subgroup while the VL can be divided into two categories. The most common VL, expressed in > 90% of adults and usually constituting the majority of a subjects anti-Hib-PS antibody response, is restricted to the product of a single V kappa II gene known as A2 that probably lacks somatic mutations. The product of the A2 gene is invariably joined to one of several J kappa products by an inserted arginine at the V kappa-J kappa junction. In contrast to the restricted nature of the dominant VL clonotype, the second category of VL constitutes a heterogeneous group of at least seven different VL gene products that often contain somatic mutations and generally exhibit crossreactivity with a related polysaccharide from E. coli. Elucidation of anti-Hib-PS V regions at the molecular level will permit examination of structure-function relationships among these clinically important antibodies and should make the V region repertoire to Hib-PS a useful model for studying human V gene responses.
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PMID:The human antibody V region repertoire to the type B capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae. 128 26

Human antibody to the Haemophilus influenzae capsular polysaccharide (Hib CP) is restricted in diversity in the individual and the population with a limited number of variable region genes encoding antibody. Antibody to the Hib CP shows restricted isoelectric focusing gel patterns and light chain usage with frequent restriction to use of only kappa light chains. Shared cross-reactive idiotypes are expressed on antibody. The heavy chain of antibody to the Hib CP is predominantly encoded by two members of the VH3 family--LSG 6.1/M85-like and VH26/30P1-like. In VH the CDR1, based on complete identity in LSG 6.1/M85-like antibodies, CDR2, based on the suggestion of mutation in this region, and CDR3, based on conserved CDR3 usage in unrelated individuals, may be important for antigen binding. Six or more different VL gene families encode antibody. The predominant antibody of the majority of individuals uses the A2-V kappa II gene in germline or near germline configuration, which encodes an idiotype designated HibId-1. Antibody can also be encoded by V kappa I, non-A2 V kappa II, V kappa III, V kappa IV, V lambda II, and V lambda VII genes. Although different VL genes can be used, unrelated individuals appear to use the same V kappa III (A27), V lambda II (V lambda 2.1 and V lambda VII (4A) genes. The VL diversity accounts for differences in fine binding specificity, with A2-V kappa II genes not encoding E. coli K100 CP cross-reactive antibodies and V lambda VII genes and some of the non-A2 V kappa genes encoding cross-reactive antibodies. The arginine in CDR3 of both antibody kappa and lambda light chains and the asparagine in CDR2 of VL sequences and in CDR1 of LSG6.1-M85 VH sequences of antibody appear to be important residues for antigen binding. A relatively limited degree of somatic mutation has occurred in the non-A2 VL genes, V lambda VII, and the VH genes. Further studies comparing the polymorphism of germline V genes to antibody-encoding V genes are needed to clarify this issue. Research comparing this repertoire to repertoires directed to other bacterial CP and to self antigens and defining structure-antigen binding relationships is in progress.
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PMID:The repertoire of human antibody to the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. 148 68

The immune repertoire to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (Hib PS) appears to be dominated by certain light chain variable region genes (IgVL). In order to examine the molecular basis underlying light chain bias, IgVL genes have been cloned from a panel of heterohybridomas secreting human anti-Hib PS (antibody) (anti-Hib PS Ab). One hybridoma, representative of the predominant serum clonotype of anti-Hib PS Ab in older children and adults following immunization or Hib infection, uses a V kappa II segment identical to the germline gene A2, and a JK3 segment. A second kappa hybridoma uses a member of the V kappa I family and a JK4 segment. Four lambda antibodies, all cross-reactive with the structurally related antigen Escherichia coli K100 PS, use V lambda VII segments which are 96-98% homologous to one another, and may originate from a single germline gene. Two additional lambda antibodies, not K100-cross-reactive, are encoded by members of the V lambda II family. All lambda antibodies use highly homologous J lambda 2 or J lambda 3 segments. The VJ joints of all lambda antibodies and the V kappa II-encoded antibody are notable for the presence of an arginine codon, suggesting an important role in antigen binding. Although more complex than heavy chain variable region gene usage, a significant portion of serum anti-Hib PS Ab is likely to be encoded by a limited number of V kappa and V lambda segments and VJ combinations, which may be selectively expressed during development, or following antigen exposure.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin light chain variable region gene sequences for human antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide are dominated by a limited number of V kappa and V lambda segments and VJ combinations. 154 67

Cellular, colonial, cultural, and biochemical characteristics of 25 field strains of gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli from rams with epididymitis were compared with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 29522 and Actinobacillus seminis ATCC strain 15768. Three field strains were identified as A. actinomycetemcomitans, 15 as A. seminis, and 2 as Haemophilus agni; however, 5 strains (3 in group A and 2 in group B) were not identified as species in the genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, or Pasteurella based on the taxonomic criteria in Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. The 5 Actinobacillus-like organisms in groups A and B were predominantly gram-negative coccobacilli and exhibited less pleomorphism than the 2 Actinobacillus species. The colonial morphologies of groups A and B were similar to the 2 Actinobacillus species but were smaller in diameter and had a pale yellow color. Groups A and B, like the actinobacilli, were facultative anaerobic and capnophilic, did not grow on MacConkey agar, and were catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Group A reduced nitrate but group B did not. The A. seminis strains utilized ornithine, and group A utilized arginine; but group B did not utilize either ornithine or arginine. All strains failed to utilize lysine or tryptophane. All strains produced acid but no gas from glucose, and the utilization of other carbohydrates varied markedly both between and within the 5 groups of bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cultural and biochemical characterization of Actinobacillus and Actinobacillus-like species from ram lambs with epididymitis. 248 12

To characterize the L chain V region repertoire of IgG anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (Hib-PS) antibodies, clonal antibodies were purified from immune serum and internal amino acid sequences of VKII anti-Hib-PS L chains obtained. We examined VKII L chains because it is the most common VL family expressed in the anti-Hib-PS response. Comparison of VKII amino acid sequences, including the entire CDR2 and CDR3 regions, of five anti-Hib-PS clonal antibodies from four unrelated individuals revealed complete identity with the exception of a single CDR3 residue from one antibody. When the sequence of these antibodies was compared with known VKII genes and myeloma proteins, it was found to be identical to the human VKII gene, A2, whose genomic sequence is presented here. In addition, all five of the VKII anti-Hib-PS antibodies examined contain an arginine inserted at the V-J junction. Finally, in contrast to the extraordinary homology of the VKII-encoded residues, there is variability in the JK gene utilization by these antibodies. These results demonstrate that the most common L chain V region in IgG anti-Hib-PS antibodies is the product of a single germ-line gene. The invariant arginine insertion suggests that this residue has an important role in Ag binding.
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PMID:Clonal characterization of the human IgG antibody repertoire to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. III. A single VKII gene and one of several JK genes are joined by an invariant arginine to form the most common L chain V region. 251 50

Protease and peptidase enzymes are thought to play a role in the virulence of many oral organisms, especially those associated with periodontal diseases. In order to evaluate the peptidases of periodontopathogens, we compared the arylaminopeptidase activities of Bacteroides gingivalis with those of other oral and non-oral bacteria. Sixty-three bacterial strains representing the prominent cultivable organisms in human periodontal pockets were tested, including representatives of the black-pigmented Bacteroides, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Eikenella, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella species. Each micro-organism was examined for its ability to hydrolyze 18 synthetic substrates of beta-naphthylamide derivatives of amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides. Quantitation of the enzyme activity was accomplished by colorimetric measurement of the amounts of released beta-naphthylamines. N-CBz-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine-beta-naphthylamide was readily cleaved by B. gingivalis, but slightly or not at all by the other oral strains tested. L-arginine-beta-naphthylamide was cleaved by B. gingivalis, Capnocytophaga species, and Streptococcus species, but not readily by the other Bacteroides strains. Some dipeptide substrates tested, such as glycyl-L-arginine- and glycyl-L-proline-beta-naphthylamide, were strongly cleaved by B. gingivalis and weakly cleaved by other Bacteroides strains. Since high levels of N-CBz-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginyl-aminopeptidase activity are characteristic of B. gingivalis, its measurement may be valuable in the identification of this organism in clinical samples as an aid in diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal infections. Furthermore, this and other aminopeptidases produced by B. gingivalis and other oral organisms may play a role in the tissue destruction seen in periodontal disease.
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PMID:Arylaminopeptidase activities of oral bacteria. 347 93

Even 70 years ago Gram-negative coccobacilli had been recognized in vaginal discharge and were cultured 30 years ago. The need to have blood in agar medium for cultivation suggested that the organisms might be a Haemophilus species. Later, however, growth characteristics and other features resulted in their being placed in the genus Corynebacterium, before it was realized that this was inappropriate and they were transferred to a new genus and species Gardnerella vaginalis. The organisms are Gram-variable, non-sporing, non-flagellate, non-motile coccobacilli of average size 0.4 X 1-1.5 microns. The cell wall is laminated and some strains possess pili. G. vaginalis is fermentative and dextrose, fructose, galactose, glucose, maltose, mannose, ribose and starch are most likely to be metabolized. However, published patterns of the sugars fermented vary widely and most workers do not rely on such tests as a means of identification. Of many other features exhibited by G. vaginalis, the following are outstanding: it does not produce catalase, cytochrome oxidase, hydrogen sulphide, indole, or urease. Nor does it degrade aesculin, liquefy gelatin, reduce nitrate, or decarboxylate arginine, lysine or ornithine. On the other hand, it is sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, often causes beta-haemolysis and usually hydrolyses hippurate and starch. G. vaginalis is serologically heterogeneous and causes haemagglutination which is mannose resistant. It is resistant to several antibiotics, including amphotericin, colistin, nalidixic acid and gentamicin, which may be incorporated in selective media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The bacteriology of Gardnerella vaginalis. 639 9

We have investigated the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis (BM) by using the rat model of experimental BM. The nitrite concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was used as a measure of NO production in vivo since NO rapidly degrades to nitrite and nitrate. Rats were inoculated intracisternally with live bacteria (5 x 10(6) CFU of Haemophilus influenzae type b strain DL42 or Rd-/b+/O2), with bacterial endotoxin (20 ng of DL42 lipooligosaccharide [LOS] or 200 ng of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide), or with a saline control vehicle. CSF samples were collected preinoculation and at the time of maximal alteration in blood-brain barrier permeability (BBBP). CSF [nitrite] was quantified by measuring A550 after addition of the Greiss reagent and comparison to a standard curve of sodium nitrite. Rats inoculated with either DL42, Rd-/b+/O2, LOS, or lipopolysaccharide demonstrated a significantly elevated mean peak CSF [nitrite] (8.34, 15.62, 10.75, and 10.44 mM, respectively) versus the concentration prior to treatment and/or those in saline-treated animals (5.29 and 5.33 mM, respectively; P < 0.05 for each comparison). We then determined if there was a correlation between CSF [nitrite] and percent BBBP (%BBBP) at various time points postinoculation with Rd-/b+/O2. %BBBP was defined as the concentration of systemically administered 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin in the CSF divided by the level of 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin in serum multiplied by 100. The mean %BBBP increased in tandem with the mean CSF [nitrite] (R = 0.84, P = 0.018), which peaked at 18 h in the absence of a change in the serum [nitrite]. Systemic administration of the NO synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester demonstrated a significant reduction of mean CSF nitrite production (0.95 versus 6.0 mM in controls; P = 0.02) when administered intravenously to animals which had been inoculated intracisternally with 20 ng of LOS. Suppression of mean leukocyte pleocytosis (3,117 versus 11,590 leukocytes per mm3 in control LOS-challenged rats; P = 0.03) and mean alterations of BBBP (2.11 versus 6.49% in control LOS-challenged rats; P = 0.009) was observed concomitantly with decreased CSF [nitrite]. These results support the hypothesis that NO contributes to increased %BBBP in experimental BM.
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PMID:Potential role of nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of experimental bacterial meningitis in rats. 755 88

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