Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae which cause infections with high morbidity and mortality all over the world, are also the most important bacterial pathogens of community-acquired pneumoniae. In recent years S. pneumoniae is becoming increasingly resistant to a variety of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to detect the in vitro resistance rates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae strains isolated from different clinical samples to the antibiotics which are used in the therapy of infections due to these pathogens. Between the period of January 2005 to May 2006, 77 S. pneumoniae (44 sputum, 20 blood, 8 bronchoalveolar lavage, 4 pleural fluids and 1 tracheal aspirate isolate) and 31 H. influenzae (30 sputum and 1 bronchoalveolar lavage isolate) strains isolated from patients who were admitted to Baskent University Hospital, Research and Practice Center of Adana (located in southern Turkey), were included to the study. The antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion method according to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; M100-S13) guidelines. The MIC values of S. pneumoniae which gave an inhibition zone diameter of > or =19 mm in with disc diffusion test, were detected by E-test (AB Biodisk, Sweden). Intermediate and high resistance rates of pneumococci to penicilin were found as 38.9% (30/77) and 10.4% (8/77), respectively, with a total resistance rate of 49.4%. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), erithromycin, tetracyclin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol were the other antibiotics which followed penicillin with the resistance rates of 42.8%, 37.6%, 31.1%, 23.3% and 10.3%, respectively. Amongst H. influenzae strains, one (3.2%) was found to be a beta-lactamase producer and it was resistant to both ampicillin and azitromycin. Eight (25.8%) of H. influenzae isolates were resistant to TMP/SMX, and two (6.4%) were resistant to chloramphenicol. As a result, the high penicilin and erithromycin resistance rates of S. pneumoniae clinical isolates in our hospital emphasize that the empirical use of these antibiotics should be limited and well-controlled in our region.
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PMID:[In vitro resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates to the antibiotics used in therapy]. 1793 56

VetPath is an ongoing pan-European antibiotic susceptibility monitoring programme that collects pathogens from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry. In the current study, 996 isolates from cattle and pig respiratory tract infections were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities. Non-replicate lung samples or nasopharyngeal/nasal swabs were collected from animals with acute clinical signs in 10 countries during 2009-2012. Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica and Histophilus somni from cattle and P. multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus suis from pigs were isolated by standard methods. S. suis was also isolated from meningitis cases. MIC values of 16 or 17 antibiotics were assessed centrally by broth microdilution following CLSI standards. Results were interpreted using CLSI breakpoints where available. Cattle isolates were generally highly susceptible to most antibiotics, except to tetracycline (3.0-12.0% resistance). Low levels of resistance (0-4.0%) were observed for the macrolide antibiotics. Resistance to spectinomycin varied from 0 to 6.0%. In pig isolates similar observations were made. Resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tulathromycin, tiamulin and tilmicosin was absent or <2%. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance varied from 1.9 to 5.3%, but tetracycline resistance varied from 20.4% in P. multocida to 88.1% in S. suis. For most antibiotics and pathogens the percentage resistance remained unchanged or only increased numerically as compared to that of the period 2002-2006. In conclusion, absence or low resistance to antibiotics with defined clinical breakpoints, except for tetracycline, was observed among the major respiratory tract pathogens recovered from livestock. Comparison of all antibiotics and organisms was hampered since for almost half of the antibiotics no CLSI-defined breakpoints were available.
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PMID:Monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from diseased cattle and pigs across Europe, 2009-2012: VetPath results. 2710 6

BACKGROUND Parainfluenza viruses (PIV) are known to cause mild respiratory tract infections in immunocompetent patients but can cause severe infections in immune-compromised patients such as transplant recipients and children with HIV. PIV infection in HIV-infected adults has rarely been reported. We report a case of PIV pneumonia in an adult with AIDS who was successfully treated with oral ribavirin. CASE REPORT A 64-year-old man with history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was admitted to the hospital with shortness of breath that began 3 days before. He was in respiratory distress and required mechanical ventilation on arrival. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture was positive for Hemophilus influenzae and a respiratory viral panel was positive for Parainfluenza virus. The patient was initially started on Cefepime and Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole and later changed to Ceftriaxone based on culture results. As the patient's condition did not improve after 48 h, oral ribavirin was added to treat PIV. The patient subsequently improved and was extubated after 72 h. CONCLUSIONS Oral ribavirin can have a beneficial effect in AIDS patients who have PIV-associated pneumonia. Further investigation of the benefit of oral ribavirin in similar cases is warranted.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenzae and Parainfluenza Virus Pneumonia in a Patient with AIDS. 3265 54


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