Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ampicillin-resistant and -susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae were tested for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics. Chloramphenicol and a new cephalosporin, cefamandole, were most active with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for all bacteria tested between 0.5 to 2.0 mug/ml. All but two organisms were susceptible to tetracycline. Ampicillin-resistant strains of H. influenzae were less susceptible (MIC, 4 to 32 mug/ml) to carbenicillin and ticarcillin than ampicillin-susceptible organisms (MIC, 0.25 to 1.0 mug/ml). A rapid assay for beta-lactamase, utilizing a chromogenic cephalosporin substrate, detected enzyme production in all 17 ampicillin-resistant strains of H. influenzae.
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PMID:Rapid detection of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae and their susceptibility to sixteen antibiotics. 108 Jun 56

Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b was isolated from the pleural fluid of a 15-month-old infant with pneumonia and empyema. The patient was cured when chloramphenicol treatment was substituted for ampicillin.
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PMID:Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia and empyema in an infant. 108 84

Ampicillin resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration >/=10 mug/ml) in the absence of beta-lactamase activity by Haemophilus influenzae was noted in tests performed with Mueller-Hinton agar containing one lot of supplement C. All strains, except five with known resistance due to beta-lactamase activity, were inhibited by 0.6 mug or less of ampicillin per ml of chocolatized blood agar.
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PMID:Spurious ampicillin resistance by testing Haemophilus influenzae with agar containing supplement C. 108 1

Ampicillin resistance in Hemophilus influenzae type b causing serious infections is appreciated, but little is known about ampicillin resistance in nonencapsulated strains causing otitis media. The ampicillin sensitivity of 984 middle-ear isolates of H. influenzae from children in Huntsville, Ala. obtained from 1970-1976, was examined: Nine AmpR isolates were found: one in 1973, two in 1974, three in 1975, and three in the first five months of 1976. Seven strains were nonencapsulated; two were type b. All nine produced beta-lactomase. The incidence of ampicillin resistance in strains causing otitis media increased from 0.6% in 1973 to 2.4% in 1976. AmpR H. influenzae infection should be suspected in situations where ampicillin therapy of otitis media is unsuccessful.
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PMID:Incidence of ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae in otitis media. 108 51

Three types of acute obstructive laryngitis in children are distinguished: 1. Acute supraglottic laryngitis (Epiglottitis acuta): The usual causative organism is Hemophilus influenzae, type B. Characteristic findings include a swollen red epiglottis. Treatment is based on Ampicillin, Solucortef (hydrocortisone-sodium succinate) i.m., air humidification, intravenous infusions and airway protection (tracheotomy or intubation). From 1958-1967, 68 children were treated, of whom boys were twice as commonly affected as girls. In about 80% of cases, tracheotomy was still found necessary. 2. Acute subglottic laryngitis: Mucosal swelling in the subglottic space causes a clinical picture which initially is common to several groups of deseases. In allergic subglottic edema, a pale "pillow-shaped" swelling occurs which responds favorably to antiallergenics and cortisone. In contrast, infectious swelling is partially caused by the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Parainfluenzae virus was isolated in 60% of these cases at our hospital. During the period studied, 2,741 cases were treated, of whom boys were 3.3 times more frequently affected than girls. The use of Solu-cortef i.m. has decreased the tracheotomy rate from 12% to 0. 3. Acute laryngotracheobronchitis: In this disease process, the initial infection is attributed to a virus, with the infected mucosa secondarily invaded by bacteria. The clinical course is prolonged when compared to subglottic laryngitis, and the general condition seriously affected. Both expiratory and inspiratory stridors occur. Tracheotomy is usually required, with viscous crusts removed by bronchoscopy. Respirator treatment is also often required. Fourteen children have been treated, of whom two have died.
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PMID:[Acute obstructive laryngitis in children (author's transl)]. 119 91

Twenty-five patients with chronic bronchitis were studied intensively from 1968 to 1972. Viral, bacteriologic, mycologic, and mycoplasmal studies, both serologic and cultural, were carried out in an attempt to determine the role these agents play in exacerbations. All of the usual viral agents associated with exacerbations and 2 members of the coronavirus group, 229E and OC43, were detected. One third (33.6 per cent) of the 116 exacerbations observed could be related to viral infection or Mycoplasma pneumoniae (1 exacerbation). Viral infection was also noted to occur during periods of remission but was more commonly associated with periods of exacerbation(P less than 0.001). No interrelationship between viral and bacterial infection was apparent and neither Streptococcus pneumoniae nor Haemophilus influenzae was present more frequently in the sputum of patients in exacerbation. However, the number of S. pneumoniae organisms present in the sputum was significantly greater (P=0.04) during exacerbation than during remission and their presence was significatnly correlated with increases sputum purulence (P LESS THAN 0.01). This was not true of H. influenzae. Ampicillin was effective in clearing the sputum of S. pneumoniae but not of H. influenzae; the reverse was true of tetracycline.
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PMID:Role of infection in chronic bronchitis. 126 52

The distribution of serogroups among 156 strains of beta-hemolyzing streptococci from clinical material was as follows: A - 64.1%, B - 3.2%, C - 11.5%, D - 0.6%, F- 6.4%, G - 14.1% (Table 1). Serogroup A was found in pus specimens in 84%, in throat swabs in 67%, and in sputum specimens (x2 greater than 6.64) in only 23% of strains; among clinical diagnoses (Table 2), distribution of this group was as follows: scarlet fever 100%, infected wounds 83%, and otorhinolaryngological diseases less than 70% of strains. From 54% of specimens received, other organisms were isolated in addition to beta-hemolyzing streptococci, In Table 3, the distribution of serogroups (x2 greater than 1) in cases of single and mixed infections is shown for the most frequent types of material received. Combinations of the individual serogroups with concomitant bacteria, above all Staphylococcus aureus, a number of enterobacteria, and Haemophilus influenzae can be seen from Table 4. Staph. aureus was found preferentially in combination with group A streptococci (x2 greater then 6.64). The proportion of mixed infections among specimens of the most important types of material was varying (Table 5): 82% of sputum specimens, 46%of throat swabs, and 39% of pus specimens. As concomitant organisms, especially Haem. influenzae, Staph. aureus (in throat swabs and pus specimens), and enterobacteria were found. With scarlet fever, Staph. aureus was present in as much as 60% of all cases. Ampicillin-resistant strains were isolated among the various concomitant organisms from 22% of all materials and 45% of all sputum specimens.
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PMID:[Mixed infections by hemolyzing streptococci in clinical material (author's transl)]. 127 97

Between January 1986 and December 1991, the sensitivity of germs isolated from purulent meningitidis diagnosed at the Universitary and Hospital Center Treichville was tested with reference to the antibiotics utilized in the treatment of purulent meningitidis (Ampicillin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin+clavulinic acid, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)). Cefotaxime, cephalosporin of the third generation, keeps its effectiveness on the main germs as a whole (Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, haemophilus influenzae). On the contrary, the other antibiotics undergo some fluctuations, or their activities are declining year after year. As far as etiology is concerned, pneumococcus always takes the first place, then come Haemophilus influenzae and Meningococcus.
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PMID:[Surveillance of the sensitivity of antibiotics to the principal germs responsible for purulent meningitis at the University Hospital Center in Treichville from 1986 to 1991]. 133 94

Ampicillin or cefotaxime, alone or in combination with amikacin, were tested at levels achievable in CSF for bactericidal activity against eight clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b. Endotoxin release was determined by the limulus amoebocyte lysate test and by macrophage tumour necrosis factor production for each beta-lactam antibiotic, alone and in combination with amikacin. Accelerated killing was observed when amikacin was added to ampicillin or cefotaxime; however, the additional antibiotic-induced bacterial lysis observed after the addition of amikacin to beta-lactam antibiotics was not associated with an increase in endotoxin release.
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PMID:Bactericidal activity of beta-lactams and amikacin against Haemophilus influenzae: effect on endotoxin release. 833 8

Pretreatment sinus puncture was performed on 339 patients with acute community-acquired sinusitis (ACAS) between 1975 and 1990. Bacterial species recovered in titers of greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) from 383 sinus aspirates included Streptococcus pneumoniae, 92 (41%); Haemophilus influenzae, 79 (35%); anaerobes, 17 (7%); streptococcal species, 16 (7%); Moraxella catarrhalis, 8 (4%); Staphylococcus aureus, 7 (33%); and other, 8 (4%). Viruses (rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza virus) and fungi (Aspergillus, zygomycoses, Phaeohyphomycis, Pseudallescheria, and Hyalohyphomycis) have also been reported to cause ACAS. Posttreatment sinus puncture was performed on 220 of the 339 patients in six studies to evaluate efficacy of selected antimicrobial agents in producing bacteriologic cure. Ampicillin, 500 mg four times daily; amoxicillin, 500 mg three times daily; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, twice a day; cefaclor, 500 mg four times daily; bacampicillin, 800 mg twice a day; cyclacillin, 500 mg three times a day; cefuroxime axetil, 250 mg twice daily; amoxicillin-clavulanate, 500/125 three times daily; and loracarbef 400 mg twice daily, given in 10-day courses, produced bacteriologic cure in more than 90% of patients. Early studies were done before beta-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae were a frequent cause of ACAS in Charlottesville. Management of therapeutic failures is a difficult problem for which diagnostic and therapeutic sinus puncture and lavage, prolonged antimicrobial therapy, steroid therapy, and evaluation of allergy, immunodeficiency, and surgically correctable lesions of the osteomeatal complex are recommended.
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PMID:The microbial etiology and antimicrobial therapy of adults with acute community-acquired sinusitis: a fifteen-year experience at the University of Virginia and review of other selected studies. 152 37


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