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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pneumatic otoscopy increases the physician's diagnostic acumen. Movement of the tympanic membrane is observed and measured more precisely by tympanometry and acoustic impedance. Ampicillin-resistant strains of Hemophilus influenzae are appearing. It is possible to detect these with deep nasopharyngeal cultures. New reports show the value of antimicrobial prophylaxis in recurrent otitis media. High-risk populations that deserve special attention are children with cleft palate and Down's syndrome.
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PMID:New concepts in otitis media. 31 93

Ampicillin remains the preferred drug for most cases of bacterial meningitis, including those due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. A prospective study was performed comparing high (400 mg/kg per day)- and low (150 mg/kg per day)-dosage regimens of ampicillin in the treatment of 172 patients with bacterial meningitis. Response to both regimens was equivalent in terms of average hospital stay, duration of ampicillin therapy, microbiological response, and death and residua. Patients with H. influenzae infections treated with low-dosage regimens had slightly prolonged febrile courses. This study suggests that high-dosage regimens of ampicillin offer no benefit over low-dosage regimens in the treatment of bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Ampicillin dosage in bacterial meningitis with special reference to Haemophilus influenzae. 31 77

Bactericidal activity of three antibiotics, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, alone or in combinations, was determined against susceptible and resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae. The various antibiotic combinations were studied for the determination of a synergistic or antagonistic effect. The study was done by the checkerboard method. A percentage of survivors inferior or equal to 0.01% of the inoculum represents the bactericidal activity. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol are bactericidal antibiotics against H. influenzae at concentrations of 1 microgram/ml and 4 microgram/ml, respectively. The combination of ampicillin and gentamicin exhibited a synergistic effect against strains sensitive and resistant to ampicillin. The combination of chloramphenicol and gentamicin was synergistic against all strains. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol, when combined, were antagonistic against two strains using a bacteriostatic concentration of chloramphenicol; and against the remaining strains the effects of the combination were indifferent.
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PMID:[Bactericidal activity of ampicillin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, alone or in combinations against susceptible and resistant "Haemophilus influenzae" (author's transl)]. 31 46

Haemophilus influenzae strains resistant to ampicillin have become an important cause of disease in pediatric patients. Because many adults with chronic bronchitis carry Haemophilus organisms in their tracheobronchial tree and because antimicrobial agents are used commonly in these patients, we assessed the prevalence of resistance to ampicillin and other antimicrobial agents in this population. We studied 150 Haemophilus isolates (73 H. influenzae, 69 H. parainfluenzae, 6 H. parahemolyticus, and 2 H. hemolyticus) obtained from 138 patients with chronic bronchitis from January 1978 through March 1979. Ampicillin resistance due to production of beta-lactamase was found in 7 of the 150 isolates (4.7 %)-2 H. influenzae, 4 H. parainfluenzae and 1 H. parahemolyticus. Resistance to tetracycline was found in 9 strains (6 %), but all strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol.
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PMID:Antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus species in patients with chronic bronchitis. 31 98

The antibacterial activity of cefaclor against 100 non-beta-lactamase producing and 11 beta-lactamase producing isolates of Haemophilus influenzae was compared with that of cephalexin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole. A new standardized microtiter dilution technique was used. Cefaclor showed greater activity than did cephalexin and inhibited beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae isolates. Ampicillin was the most active compound against non-beta-lactamase producing isolates. One of our strains was resistant to chloramphenicol and one resistant to tetracycline.
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PMID:[In vitro activity of cefaclor against Haemophilus influenzae in comparison to various oral chemotherapeutic agents (author's transl)]. 31 12

The mechanism of action, resistance, antibacterial spectrum, clinical pharmacology, adverse effects, and therapeutic and prophylactic use of penicillins are reviewed. The choice of a penicillin is discussed. The only indication for the penicillinase-resistant penicillins is the suspected or demonstrated presence of Staphylococcus aureus. There are no important differences in therapeutic effect among oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin or flucloxacillin by the oral route, or among oxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin or methicillin parenterally. Ampicillin is especially useful for infections due to Haemophilus influenzae and Escherchia coli and for serious disease due to enterococcus and Listeria monocytogenes. Carbenicillin and ticarcillin exhibit unique activity against gram-negative bacilli (except Klebsiella).
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PMID:Antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacology and therapeutic use of antibiotics. Part 2: penicillins. 31

Bacampicillin is an orally well-absorbed pro-drug of ampicillin giving high in vivo levels of the latter. Its therapeutic activity was compared with that of amoxycillin in two experimental infection models in mice. The animals were infected with suspensions of Escherichia coli III and Haemophilus influenzae 22863 intraperitoneally and treated orally four hours afterwards with one of the two compounds. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was determined as CD50 values or by making viable counts in the blood and in organ homogenates of the animals. Ampicillin and amoxycillin had the same inhibitory but different bactericidal activity against the test strains. Both compounds appeared to have similar therapeutic activity and were found to cause a rapid decrease of the bacterial counts in the animals. Bacampicillin appeared to give a more rapid bactericidal activity than amoxycillin against the Haemophilus influenzae strain, whereas amoxycillin initially appeared more bactericidal against the Escherichia coli infection.
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PMID:Comparative in vivo activity of bacampicillin and amoxycillin. 38 21

A case of Haemophilus parainfluenzae bacterial endocarditis is described. This is the first reported case of endocarditis caused by ampicillin resistant H parainfluenzae. Resistance was not mediated by a beta lactamase. Ampicillin therapy had not controlled the infection, but a four-week course of chloramphenicol was curative. Several general therapeutic points are discussed.
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PMID:Ampicillin resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis. 51 70

We review the literature on orbital involvement in acute sinusitis in children. Because of the potential severity of the disease which may be life threatening a vigorous treatment is required. Hemophilus Influenzae is a major cause of orbital cellulitis followed by Staphylococcus Aureus and group A streptococcus. Because of the emergence of Ampicillin-Resistant H. Influenzae strains in Belgium, chloramphenicol should be included in the initial therapy in combination with a penicillinase resistant semisynthetic penicillin. Therapy is adjusted as soon as the results of bacterial culture are known. Surgical establishment of sinus or abscess drainage is required if the child is severely ill or failed to respond to medical treatment. A treatment protocol is proposed.
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PMID:[Orbital involvement in acute sinusitis in children]. 55 24

We studied on the distribution and changes of antibiotic susceptibility of H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus isolated from clinical materials, mainly from sputum and pharyngeal swabs. In this study we used 132 strains of H. influenzae, 89 strains of H. parainfluenzae and 43 strains of H. parahaemolyticus isolated during January and June of 1975, and estimated the susceptibility for the following eighteen antibiotics by the agar plate dilution method: ampicillin, amoxicillin, ciclacillin, sulbenicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, ceftezole, cephalexin, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, dibekacin, tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol and colistin. We compared these with previously reported results and observed the changes of antibiotic susceptibility. Ampicillin has the strongest antibiotic activity on three species of Haemophilus and the activity of four cephalosporins was weakest. Among three species H. parahaemolyticus was most susceptible and H. influenzae least susceptible to cephalosporins. Antibiotic activity of cyclacillin was rather weak. Other twelve antibiotics have good activity on Haemophilus. We could not find any ampicillin-resistant strain, but found five (3.8%) streptomycin-resistant, one (0.8%) kanamycin-resistant, eleven (8.3%) tetracycline-resistant, and seven (5.3%) chloramphenicol-resistant strains of H. influenzae. Six years ago we found five (9.6%) streptomycin-resistant and one (1.9%) tetracycline-resistant strains, but no resistant strain to other antibiotics. Tetracycline- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains are supposed to have a tendency to increase. There were very few strains which were resistant to more than two antibiotics among H. influenzae. We found a few strains resistant to tetracycline or chloramphenicol among H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus, and one strain of H. parainfluenzae was less susceptible to ampicillin.
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PMID:[Distribution and changes of antibiotic susceptibility of genus Haemophilus (author's transl)]. 104 91


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