Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hypothesis was investigated that tissue tropism of Haemophilus influenzae during colonisation and infection is associated with the ability of fimbriate bacteria to bind to the organs and cell types involved. H. influenzae type b with fimbriae (strain 770235f+) bound to several cell types, including ciliated columnar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, ependymal cells, glial cells, connective tissue fibroblasts, synovial cells, antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes, erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Binding of H. influenzae to kidney, liver and conjunctiva cells was poor. Fimbriae-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb 6HE8) inhibited this binding. Some binding to endothelial cells and macrophages was also observed with non-fimbriate strains. This binding was not inhibited by MAb 6HE8. We conclude that in-vitro binding of fimbriate H. influenzae is mainly to those tissues and cells where H. influenzae is found during colonisation and infection. The data suggest that a shift to the non-fimbriate form is required for bacteria in the bloodstream to escape clearance mechanisms mediated by blood cells.
J Med Microbiol 1991 Sep
PMID:Differential binding of Haemophilus influenzae to human tissues by fimbriae. 168 Jan 98

A nosocomial outbreak of acute bronchitis due to amoxycillin-resistant, non-typable Haemophilus influenzae occurred in a 23-bed unit, housing patients with respiratory disorders. Within a period of one month, 13 patients and two, previously healthy, members of staff were affected. The isolates were studied for strain relatedness by serotyping, biotyping and major outer membrane protein (MOMP) profiles after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; 13 of the isolates belonged to the same biotype and MOMP type, indicating cross-infection. Routine throat cultures of all patients and personnel were undertaken. To stop the epidemic, patients and nurses positive for amoxycillin-resistant H. influenzae were isolated or sent home and, if symptomatic, were treated with co-trimoxazole. We stress the importance of early intervention when amoxycillin-resistant H. influenzae strains occur in a ward.
J Hosp Infect 1991 Sep
PMID:A nosocomial outbreak of amoxycillin-resistant non-typable Haemophilus influenzae in a respiratory ward. 168 92

On the basis of minimum inhibitory concentrations clarithromycin (6-O-methylerythromycin), a new macrolide, was found to be slightly more active than erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci. Moraxella catarrhalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides fragilis (sensu stricto) and B. ureolyticus and slightly less active against coagulase-negative staphylococci, alpha- and beta-haemolytic streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Campylobacter coli/jejuni and the B. melaninogenicus/oralis groups. There was complete cross-resistance between the two agents. Reports of potentiation of the activity against Haemophilus influenzae of clarithromycin by its own metabolite and by human serum appear to operate in vivo, and therefore the new agent shows great promise, especially for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
J Hosp Infect 1991 Sep
PMID:A comparison of the in-vitro activity of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, with erythromycin and other oral agents. 168 81

The studies of the subgingival plaques from juvenile periodontitis (JP) have shown that JP is associated with Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans (H. a), Capnocytophaga (Capno.) and other species. This study was designed to study these species with Chinese JP patients using selective cultivable technique. The media used include TSBV to support H. a, TBBP to support Capno. and selective media for Bacteroides gingivalis. A total of 303 subgingival samples were collected from 43 JP, 31 gingivitis and 13 normal juvenile. It was found that the recovery rates of H. a and Capnocytophaga in JP group were higher than that in two other groups. The Black-pigmented Bacteroides had a similar recovery rate in JP and gingivitis groups, but higher than that in periodontal healthy group. The bacterial counts and the correlation analysis between bacteria findings and clinical indices were consistent with the above results.
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1991 Sep
PMID:[The study of major anaerobic bacteria from subgingival plaques of juvenile periodontitis]. 168 30

An indirect immunofluorescence system involving monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against surface epitopes of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) lipooligosaccharide (LOS) was used to examine individual Hib cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from infants with Hib meningitis. In four of five CSF samples studied, 100% of the bacteria bound at least one LOS-directed MAb. When the bacteria from these CSF samples were grown in broth, most of these cells lost some or all of their ability to bind the MAb(s) that were bound by the same organisms present in human CSF. When in vitro-grown cells were used for intracisternal injection of rabbits, the populations of Hib cells observed in rabbit CSF after the development of meningitis generally resembled those of the respective broth-grown inocula in terms of their LOS antigenic characteristics. Hib cell populations recovered in infant rat CSF after intranasal challenge again had LOS antigenic characteristics similar to those of the in vitro-grown challenge inocula. These results indicate that a population of Hib cells growing in the infected human host may be quite different, with regard to its LOS antigenic characteristics, from the same Hib strain growing in vitro or in vivo in animal models.
J Infect Dis 1991 Sep
PMID:In vivo and in vitro expression of Haemophilus influenzae type b lipooligosaccharide epitopes. 171 83

Outer membrane proteins of nontypeable (NT) Haemophilus influenzae are among the major candidates for inclusion in vaccines against these organisms. This article reports the purification of the e (P4) lipoprotein of H. influenzae and the subsequent production of antiserum directed against this protein. The anti-e polyclonal serum cross-reacted with e protein in multiple clinical NT H. influenzae isolates. Monoclonal antibody analysis of e protein showed at least one surface-exposed epitope to be conserved among NT H. influenzae strains. Anti-e serum also had bactericidal activity against multiple clinical isolates of NT H. influenzae. These results are in contrast to previous reports in the literature that purified P4 protein did not elicit biologically active antibodies. Anti-e antibodies exhibited synergistic bactericidal activity directed against NT H. influenzae when mixed with antibodies directed against another Haemophilus lipoprotein, PCP. This bactericidal synergy was observed against a variety of NT clinical isolates. We also report the cloning of the Haemophilus e lipoprotein, or hel, gene encoding the e protein and its expression and processing in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the gene and deduced amino acid sequence of the protein are given. These results demonstrate that e protein is a viable candidate to be a component of a vaccine against NT H. influenzae.
Infect Immun 1991 Sep
PMID:The e (P4) outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae: biologic activity of anti-e serum and cloning and sequencing of the structural gene. 171 22

Acute respiratory infections in children aged less than 5 years in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea were investigated bacteriologically for 10 years from November 1978. Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were responsible for 73% of all bacteria cultured from lung aspirate (83 samples), 85.5% from blood (1024 samples) and 92% from cerebrospinal fluid (155 samples). Nonencapsulated H. influenzae was carried by up to 90% of children and was the predominant haemophilus type cultured from lung tissue. Mixed infections of the lung with two types of H. influenzae (8 cases) and both H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae (18 cases), commonly together with other organisms of questionable pathogenicity, reflected the proximity of this organ to the upper respiratory tract. Serotype b accounted for 62% and 82% of H. influenzae isolated from bacteraemic pneumonia and meningitis cases, respectively. Polymicrobic bacteraemic pneumonia occurred in 16 children. Both H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae establish dense, unregulated long-term colonization in the nasopharynx during the neonatal period. Each inhibit autochthonous microflora by mechanisms that are currently unclear. Infections with two or more types occur in 30% (S. pneumoniae) and 60% (H. influenzae) of carriage-positive children. 70-75% of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae isolates from blood concomitantly colonize the upper respiratory tract. Intense exposure of Papua New Guinean children to penicillin at all levels of health care since the 1940s has resulted in widespread relative resistance among pneumococci to this antibiotic. Resistant strains are now found in 32 serotypes, and in children penicillin resistance is present in 75% of all carriage strains and 52% and 22% of blood and cerebrospinal fluid isolates, respectively. Penicillin-susceptible and resistant pneumococcal serotypes commonly coexist in multiply populated carriage sites. Resistance to betalactam antibiotics is rare among H. influenzae strains and resistance has not been detected in either H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline or cotrimoxazole. It should not be assumed that the technology of respiratory bacteriology as it is practised in developed countries can be transferred to the third world for utilization in paediatric aetiology and carriage studies. Respiratory bacteriology strategies as they evolved in Goroka were subject to diverse influences. The type distribution of the major causative agents defied fashionable beliefs, generated the need for more precise epidemiological differentiation and, by virtue of their carriage density, cultural properties and response to commonly used antibiotics, required the introduction or development of compatible diagnostic procedures.
P N G Med J 1991 Sep
PMID:The bacteriology of acute pneumonia and meningitis in children in Papua New Guinea: assumptions, facts and technical strategies. 175 Feb 63

Although inadequately documented, it is clear that acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in Australian Aboriginal children. ARIs continue to cause substantial mortality in Aboriginal children, and they are likely to cause a variety of potentially serious sequelae. The literature emphasizes the importance of pneumonia as a cause of hospitalization of Aboriginal children. There is good evidence that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are predominant causes of severe pneumonia, but little is known about the importance of other respiratory pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus, as causes of ARI in Aboriginal children. Poor living conditions, low birthweight and malnutrition are likely to be important risk factors for ARI in some groups of Aboriginal children. Although broad-ranging economic and environmental changes will be required to bring about a sustained reduction in ARI in Aboriginal children, there should be an emphasis upon correct case management of ARI at the primary care level so as to reduce the need for hospitalization. Some research priorities are discussed.
P N G Med J 1991 Sep
PMID:Acute respiratory infections in Australian Aboriginal children: current knowledge and future requirements. 175 Feb 65

Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the major respiratory diseases causing hospital admission in previously healthy patients. Prompt and appropriate antibiotic selection is essential for recovery. The authors tried to determine the distribution of the etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonias and to analyze predictive factors. Out of 188 cases of community-acquired pneumonia presenting to our hospital, etiologic agents were determined in 106 cases (56%). Twenty-nine cases were due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, 27 cases due to Mycoplasma, 17 cases due to Haemophilus influenzae and 21 cases due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis was the cause in 11% of all cases and the importance of pulmonary tuberculosis must be emphasized as a community-acquired pneumonia. Out of 58 cases under 50 years old, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the etiologic agent in 23 cases (40%) and S. pneumoniae in 7 cases (12%). Out of 62 cases not less than 70 years old. M. tuberculosis was the most common etiologic agent (15 cases, 24%). S. pneumoniae followed, being causative in 13 cases (21%). M. tuberculosis was the cause in 10 cases out of 31 cases who did not complain of fever at presentation. In 86 cases who did not show leukocytosis on admission, 21 cases were due to Mycoplasma (24%) and 15 cases were due to M. tuberculosis (17%). In particular 17 cases were due to Mycoplasma among 28 cases under 50 years old without leukocytosis (61%), and 11 cases were due to M. tuberculosis in the 27 cases no less than 70 years old without leukocytosis (41%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1991 Sep
PMID:[Predictive factors of etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonia presenting at a district general hospital]. 175 38

The fluoroquinolones have excellent activity against a number of respiratory pathogens, especially gram-negative bacteria, including beta-lactamase-producing Hemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Several studies have shown ciprofloxacin to be effective in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, some community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia, and acute exacerbations of bronchopulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis. The fluoroquinolones have less activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and limited anaerobic activity, which should limit the use of these drugs in empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia where the pneumococcus or anaerobes play a predominant role.
Semin Respir Infect 1991 Sep
PMID:Fluoroquinolones in respiratory infections. 175 33


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