Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The restriction nuclease from B. subtilis (Bsu) which cleaves in the middle of the tetra-nucleotide sequence 5'-GGCC-3' 3'-CCGG-5' has been found to decrease its substrate specificity at high nuclease concentrations. There are special conditions, high pH, low ionic strength, and high glycerol content, which strongly enhance splitting with decreased specificity and also lead to splitting of single-stranded DNA. By sequence analyses it is shown that the reduction in specificity of Bsu corresponds to cleavage predominantly at 5'-GC-3' 3'-CG-5' sequences. No comparable change in specificity has been observed in a restriction nuclease from Haemophilus aegyptius (HaeIII), and isoschizomer of Bsu.
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PMID:Specificity of cleavage by restriction nuclease from Bacillus subtilis. 2 78

The spin-labeled cardiolipin 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-3-[1-acyl-2-(16-doxylstearoyl)glycero(3)phosphol]-sn-glycerol has been prepared. The stereoselective synthesis makes use of the monolysocardiolipin 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-3-[1-acyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero(3)phospho]-sn-glycerol, available from the stereospecific hydrolysis of cardiolipin by phospholipase A2 (phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) of Trimeresurus flavoviridis. The results of treatment of the spin-labeled cardiolipin with the cardiolipin-specific phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4) (Hemophilus parainfluenzae) of known specificity and with phospholipase C (phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.3) of Bacillus cereus are consistent with the assigned structure. The spin-labeled cardiolipin is further characterized and the unique features of this diastereomer are discussed in the context of the unusual stereochemistry of the natural phospholipid.
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PMID:Cardiolipin: a stereospecifically spin-labeled analogue and its specific enzymic hydrolysis. 27 15

The capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3 (ATCC 27090) is composed of D-galactose (one part), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (one part), glycerol (one part), and phosphate (one part). From hydrolysis, dephosphorylation, methylation, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies, the polysaccharide was found to be a high molecular weight polymer of a repeating trisaccharide unit, joined through monophosphate diester linkages and having the following structure: (formula; see text).
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PMID:Structure of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3. 344 29

Competent Haemophilus influenzae bacteria were exposed to purified phage HP1 DNA and then plated for transfectants (PFU). When 32% (final concentration) glycerol was added before plating, between 10- and 100-fold more transfectants were observed. Glycerol had no significant effect on transfection with DNA from single or tandem double lysogens. It also had little effect on transformation with chromosomal DNA or on transformation of defective HP1 lysogens with phage HP1 DNA. It was concluded that glycerol induced the release of adsorbed linear double-stranded DNA into the interior of the cells.
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PMID:Effect of glycerol on Haemophilus influenzae transfection. 348 28

The small plasmid pAT4 transformed at characteristically low frequencies those competent Haemophilus influenzae Rd strains that had no DNA homology with this plasmid. Transformation was increased up to 100 times, however, when the recipient cells were exposed to 30% glycerol before plating for transformants. Expression of plasmid resistance markers was then immediate. Ultraviolet irradiation experiments indicated that this large increase was due to release by the glycerol of double-stranded plasmid molecules, presumably from transformasomes. Several other plasmids exhibited the same phenomenon. Dimethylsulfoxide also stimulated plasmid transformation but lysolecithin and high concentrations of NaCl or glucose were ineffective. Glycerol did not increase the efficiency of transformation by either chromosomal DNA or linearized plasmid DNA.
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PMID:Effect of glycerol on plasmid transfer in genetically competent Haemophilus influenzae. 348 89

The capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 (ATCC 27089) is composed of D-glucose (two parts), D-galactose (one part), glycerol (one part), and phosphate (one part). Hydrolysis, dephosphorylation, methylation, enzymic studies, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance experiments showed that the polysaccharide is a high molecular weight polymer of a tetrasaccharide repeating units, linked by monophosphate diester and having the following structure: (Formula: see text).
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PMID:Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. 362 Jan 58

Haemophilus parainfluenzae incorporates glycerol and phosphate into the membrane phospholipids without lag during logarithmic growth. In phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), the phosphate and unacylated glycerol moieties turn over and incorporate radioactivity much more rapidly than does the diacylated glycerol. At least half the radioactivity is lost from the phosphate and unacylated glycerol in about 1 doubling. The total fatty acids turn over slightly faster than the diacyl glycerol. In phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), which is the major lipid of the bacterium, ethanolamine and phosphate turn over and incorporate radioactivity at least half as fast as the phosphate in PG. The glycerol of PE did not turn over in 4 bacterial doublings. In phosphatidic acid the glycerol turns over at one-third the rate of phosphate turnover. By means of a modified method for the quantitative recovery of 1,3-glycerol diphosphate from cardiolipin, the phosphates and middle glycerol of cardiolipin were shown to turn over more rapidly than the acylated glycerols during bacterial growth. There is no randomization of the radioactivity in the 1- and 3-positions of the glycerol in the course of 1 doubling. The fatty acids of PG turn over faster than those in PE. In both lipids the 2-fatty acids turn over much faster than the 1-fatty acids. At both positions the individual fatty acids have their own rates of turnover. The distribution of fatty acids between the 1- and 2-positions is the same as in other organisms, with more monoenoic and long-chain fatty acids at the 2-position. The different rates of turnover and incorporation of radioactivity into different parts of the lipids suggest that exchange reactions may be important to phospholipid metabolism.
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PMID:Phospholipid metabolism during bacterial growth. 430 13

A highly active phospholipase D that is specific for cardiolipin was detected in the gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Previously reported phospholipase D preparations have come exclusively from higher plants. The bacterial enzyme hydrolyzed cardiolipin to phosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidic acid. During the incubation, phosphatidic acid disappeared. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine, methylated phosphatidyl ethanolamines, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl glycerol were not hydrolyzed when cardiolipin was rapidly hydrolyzed.
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PMID:Cardiolipin-specific phospholipase D activity in Haemophilus parainfluenzae. 431 62

Metabolic factors that suppress development of competence in Haemophilus influenzae during growth in the synthetic medium MI(c) have been identified. These include inosine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, glycerol, and uracil. It is also possible to initiate competence in the presence of these substances if the oxygen tension in the culture is temporarily reduced.
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PMID:Identification of competence-repressing factors during log-phase growth of Haemophilus influenzae. 433 8

Heterogeneity in the metabolism of cardiolipin (CL) has been detected in Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Pulse-chase experiments showed that a portion of the total CL incorporated and then lost (32)P much more rapidly than the rest of the CL in the cells. The metabolism of each phosphate of the CL differed. The phosphate of the phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) portion of the CL had a more active metabolism than the phosphate of the phosphatidic acid portion of the molecule. Only a portion of the PG pool contributed to the formation of CL. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid inhibited the CL-specific phospholipase D in vitro and, when added to growing cells, resulted in more rapid PG metabolism, suggesting that CL hydrolysis contributed to the PG pool.
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PMID:Detection of a rapidly metabolizing portion of the membrane cardiolipin in Haemophilus parainfluenzae. 500 72


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