Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro activity of Ro 13-9904, a new cephalosporin derivative, was compared with the activities of cephalothin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and moxalactam against 591 clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The spectra of activity and potency of Ro 13-9904 and cefotaxime were quite similar; they were the most active agents against Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Moxalactam was only slightly less active against these organisms. Ro 13-9904, cefotaxime, and moxalactam were approximately equal in activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; concentrations of 50 to 100 microgram/ml inhibited over 90% of the strains tested. Cefamandole and cephalothin were the most active drugs tested against staphylococci. Moxalactam demonstrated the highest intrinsic activity against Bacteroides fragilis; a concentration of 1.6 microgram/ml inhibited over 50% of the strains. All six of the antibiotics were essentially inactive against group D streptococci. The action of all of the antibiotics was bactericidal, with minimal bactericidal concentrations generally being no more than twofold greater than minimal inhibitory concentrations. The only exception to this was found when large inocula of Staphylococcus aureus were tested. Increased inoculum size generally sharply reduced the activity of Ro 13-9904, cefotaxime, and moxalactam against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:Comparative in vitro studies of Ro 13-9904, a new cephalosporin derivative. 626 45

The increasing incidence of pneumonia caused by H. influenza and the problem of beta lactamase production (18% of strains in recent reports) are important considerations in the therapy of pneumonia. An antibiotic that is effective for these strains and other common respiratory pathogens will be useful for the therapy of pneumonia. Cefamandole nafate is a new cephalosporin antibiotic with an antimicrobial spectrum similar to cephalothin with increased activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., and Haemophilus influenzae. Seventeen patients with pneumonia presumed to be due to susceptible gram-negative organisms isolated from transtracheal aspirate or sputum were treated with 6 to 8 g/day of parenteral cefamandole nafate. Organisms isolated were Haemophilus influenzae in 6, E. coli in 3, Proteus mirabilis in 2, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1, Serratia marcescens in 1 and mixed gram-negative rods in 4. The Serratia were resistant (MIC greater than 100 microgram/ml and 50 microgram/ml): other MIC's ranged from 0.2 to 6.2 microgram/ml; median 1.6 microgram/ml. Satisfactory clinical response (improvement in pulmonary function; resolution of infiltrate; decrease in temperature, sputum production and white count) was noted in 13 of 17 patients. Two patients died from their underlying disease. Adverse clinical reactions questionably related to cefamandole included SGOT rises in 3 and rash in one. Serum antibiotic levels were 22.0 to 88.0 microgram/ml (peak) and 1.1 to 12.5 microgram/ml (trough). Sputum levels were 0.27 to 2.5 microgram/ml. Cefamandole appears to be an effective antibiotic for treatment of gram-negative pneumonia caused by susceptible organisms.
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PMID:Cefamandole treatment of pulmonary infection caused by gram-negative rods. 701 May 35

The safety and efficacy of treatment with cefamandole were evaluated in 77 patients (from 33 institutions) with serious bone and joint infections. The antibiotic was given intramuscularly or intravenously in doses ranging from 1.5 to 12 g/day for 6 to 58 days. Seventy-three of the 77 patients responded satisfactorily, and 63 (of 70 from whom material for culture was obtainable) patients had a bacteriologic cure. Forty-one of 81 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. Other pathogens included Streptococcus epidermidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter sp., Escherichia coli, aerobic and anaerobic cocci, as well as Bacteroides fragilis. The drug was well tolerated. Pharmacological studies indicated that cefamandole penetrated the bones and joints. Cefamandole would seem to be a safe and efficacious drug, for the treatment of serious bone and joint infections due to a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.
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PMID:Cefamandole in the treatment of serious bone and joint diseases. 701 May 42

In a multicentre study the in vitro activity of cefamandole against 3312 bacterial isolates was compared to the antibacterial activity of cephalothin, ampicillin, oxacillin, doxycycline and tobramycin. Cefamandole and tobramycin showed the highest activity against the Enterobacteriaceae isolates, whereas the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were slightly less sensitive to cefamandole than to cephalothin and oxacillin. There was no significant difference between the activity of cephalothin and cefamandole against the isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and enterococci.
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PMID:The in vitro activity of cefamandole against 3312 bacterial isolates. A Norwegian multicentre study. 721 40

Cefamandole penetration was studied in 32 normal bone specimens. No antibiotic bone binding was found. Blood contamination of bone samples was measured by the haemoglobin method. Mean corrected levels attained (5.8 micrograms/g) exceed MIC values of sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Enterobacteriaceae. Similar diffusion was observed in cortical and trabecular bone. The results obtained invite further studies on preoperative prophylaxis and treatment of osteomyelitis.
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PMID:Cefamandole bone diffusion in patients undergoing total hip replacement. 722 72

To compare the in vitro activity of cefamandole with ampicillin, cefoxitin, and gentamicin, each antimicrobial was tested against 419 bacteria isolated from the blood of patients with proved sepsis. Cefamandole was active against all gram-positive cocci except the enterococci. Most Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by both cefamandole and cefoxitin. Cefamandole showed an activity similar to ampicillin against Haemophilus influenzae. The percent of blood culture isolated considered susceptible to the drugs tested were as follows: cefamandole 79%, cefoxitin 78%, ampicillin 55% and gentamicin 81%. None of the drugs tested would be adequate alone for treatment of sepsis of unknown etiology based on in vitro susceptibility data.
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PMID:Activity of cefamandole, cefoxitin, ampicillin and gentamicin against 419 bacteria isolated from blood of patients with sepsis. 740 56

An 18-month-old girl was brought to the emergency room of Chang Gung Children's Hospital with inspiratory stridor, suprasternal retractions and imminent respiratory failure. Despite orotracheal intubation, persistent poor air-entry was noted. Flexible bronchoscopy via the endotracheal tube showed a copious amount of mucopurulent secretions in the tracheobronchial tree without any foreign bodies. With vigorous suctioning and antibiotic treatment, she had a rapid recovery. Tracheal aspirates showed a growth of Haemophilus influenzae. Cefamandole was used with good response. In conclusion, although bacterial tracheitis is an uncommon obstructive upper airway disease in children, using a bronchoscope to diagnose and to guide specific therapy can decrease the morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Bacterial tracheitis: a case report. 892 51


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