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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various aspects of immunity induced by a merthiolate-inactivated, aluminum hydroxide-absorbed chicken meat infusion (CMI) broth bacterin prepared from Haemophilus gallinarium were studied. A bacterin dose of 10-8 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml was the minimal dose which protected a significant number of chickens against intrasinus challenge with live organisms. This finding simplifies production procedures because yields of 10-8 CFU/ml of CMI broth are routinely obtained. A significant number of chickens vaccinated with the bacterin were immune to intrasinus challenge through 9 months postvaccination. On a comparative basis, an egg-yolk bacterin prepared from the same strain protected for only 3 months. Birds vaccinated with broth bacterins prepared from 2 strains of H gallinarum (17756 and M) which shared common surface antigens were immune to intrasinus inoculation with the homologous but not to the heterologous organisms. Preliminary data indicated that the broth bacterin prevented a sharp decrease in egg production when the immunity of vaccinated birds was challenged (instrasinus) at the height of egg production.
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PMID:Protective quality of an aluminum hydroxide-absorbed broth bacterin against infectious coryza. 112 72

Free fatty acids from the type strains of anaerobically and aerobically broth-cultured Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus cells were Soxhlet-extracted with hexane. The fatty acids were identified and quantified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after intra-injector derivation with trimethylanilinium hydroxide. This derivatization method, which we propose as suitable for routine use in clinical microbiology, is fast, accurate and sensitive, with low toxicity. Whereas the fatty acid content of A. actinomycetemcomitans was affected by the cultivation atmosphere, i.e. C16:1, decreased under aerobic growth and C16:0 increased, that of the closely related H. aphrophilus was more stable.
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PMID:Intra-injector methylation of free fatty acids from aerobically and anaerobically cultured Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus. 140 Jul 21

The efficacy of experimental inactivated infectious coryza vaccines produced by a commercial vaccine manufacturer was evaluated. The vaccines, containing as the adjuvant phase either a double-emulsion mineral oil system or aluminum-hydroxide gel, were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose. Some vaccines were a monovalent product containing a Page serovar C Haemophilus paragallinarum strain, and others were a bivalent product containing both Page serovar A and serovar C strains. After 3 weeks, all chickens were challenged by infraorbital sinus inoculation of virulent H. paragallinarum, either Page serovar C (strain HP31) or Page serovar A (strain HP14). The monovalent serovar C double-emulsion-based vaccines gave significant protection against a serovar C challenge, with the level of protection varying from 60% to 100%. The monovalent serovar C aluminum-hydroxide-gel vaccine also gave significant protection (94%) against a serovar C challenge. The bivalent double-emulsion vaccine gave significant protection against challenge from both serovars (100% for serovar C and 83% for serovar A). Although no major adverse reactions were detected, some chickens receiving both the double-emulsion vaccines and the aluminum-hydroxide vaccine developed relatively minor granulomatous reactions at the site of injection.
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PMID:An evaluation of inactivated infectious coryza vaccines containing a double-emulsion adjuvant system. 141 93

Three trials were conducted to establish if young primary specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs could be protected from Glasser's disease by vaccination. Three age groups of cesarean-derived isolator-reared gnotobiotic pigs were vaccinated twice at 4 and 6, 3 and 5, and 2 and 4 wk of age respectively with a formalin killed aluminum hydroxide adsorbed bacterin prepared from three strains of Haemophilus parasuis isolated from Ontario pigs affected with Glasser's disease. When challenged two weeks later with the homologous strains of virulent bacteria, all the vaccinated pigs remained healthy, while 17/18 nonvaccinated pigs became severely sick or died between three and seven days postchallenge. The one surviving nonimmunized pig was retarded in growth. All of the nonimmunized pigs had visible lesions of polyserositis, the most common being polyarthritis (14/18). Other lesions were fibrinous meningitis, pericarditis, pleurisy and/or peritonitis. Two of the pigs died with a septicemia. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from 15/18 nonimmunized pigs, usually from several of the affected sites. The organisms were not isolated from the immunized pigs, nor from the surviving nonimmunized pig. Attempts to detect the presence of specific antibodies against the H. parasuis strains in the sera of the immunized or exposed pigs by the passive hemagglutination test or by enzyme linked immunoassay were unsuccessful. The results of this work indicate that primary SPF pigs can be protected from Glasser's disease by vaccination as early as 2 and 4 wk of age. The nature of this protective mechanism was not established in this study.
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PMID:Vaccination of gnotobiotic primary specific pathogen-free pigs against Haemophilus parasuis. 183 78

The cross-protection afforded by three inactivated infectious coryza vaccines was evaluated. Each vaccine contained one of the following strains of Haemophilus paragallinarum, HP31, HP60 and HP14. Strain HP31 belongs to Kume serovar C-2, strain HP60 belongs to Kume serovar C-4 while strain HP14 belongs to Kume serovar A-4. Four groups of twenty six-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were either given a single dose of an aluminium-hydroxide based vaccine (three groups) or left as unvaccinated controls. Three weeks after vaccination, all four groups were challenged with virulent H paragallinarum. One half of each group was challenged with the strain HP31 and the other half with strain HP60. The efficacy of the vaccines was assessed in terms of the prevention of the typical clinical signs and macroscopic lesions of infectious coryza as well as the prevention of any colonisation by the challenge organism. The serovar C-2 and serovar C-4 vaccines protected more than 50% of birds against either a serovar C-2 or C-4 challenge while the serovar A-4 vaccine protected less than 50% of birds.
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PMID:An evaluation of the cross-protection afforded by inactivated infectious coryza vaccines. 183 73

In an attempt to establish if cross protection can be induced by different strains of Haemophilus parasuis, three groups of 12 gnotobiotic pigs were immunized each with an aluminum hydroxide adsorbed whole cell bacterin of one of three H. parasuis strains. Two weeks later, four pigs within each vaccinated group were challenged with aerosols of live cultures of each of the three test strains and observed for response. Two virulent strains V1 and V2 protected all the vaccinated pigs, while all nonvaccinated controls succumbed to Glasser's disease when challenged with these strains. Vaccination with strain LV (of low virulence) protected the pigs against challenge with strain V2, but not against strain V1. Strain LV did not cause disease in the immunized animals and only in one of ten nonimmunized pigs upon second challenge. The results suggest that strains may differ in antigenicity and that virulence and immunoprotection are positively related. Strains to be used in commercial vaccines should therefore be selected carefully. Antibodies detected in the sera of vaccinated pigs were to outer membrane proteins of the bacteria, but not to lipopolysaccharides or capsular polysaccharides. This would suggest that for gnotobiotic pigs outer membrane proteins are more immunogenic than lipopolysaccharide or capsular antigens. Further work is needed to determine if outer membrane proteins also contribute protective immunogens.
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PMID:Cross protection among Haemophilus parasuis strains in immunized gnotobiotic pigs. 188 82

63 children, aged 2-17 months, were given a new conjugate vaccine composed of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b linked to a Neisseria meningitidis outer-membrane protein. Subjects under 7 months received two injections separated by 1 month, and older subjects received either one or two injections. There were no systemic reactions to this vaccine when it was given with aluminium hydroxide. A single injection of vaccine was highly immunogenic; the geometric mean serum anticapsular antibody concentrations before immunisation and 1 month later were 0.35 microgram/ml and 0.98 microgram/ml for babies of 2-3 months, 0.12 microgram/ml and 1.85 micrograms/ml for those of 4-6 months, and 0.15 microgram/ml and 4.1 micrograms/ml for those of 8-17 months (p less than or equal to 0.003 for each age group). After a second injection of vaccine, 80% and 76% of infants of 2-3 and 4-6 months, respectively, had antibody concentrations greater than 1.0 micrograms/ml. Most subjects showed evidence of IgG responses as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 6-12 months after immunisation, serum antibody levels had fallen (p less than 0.05) but they remained higher than those of unimmunized controls (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:Immunogenicity in infants of Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide in a conjugate vaccine with Neisseria meningitidis outer-membrane protein. 287 27

Specific-pathogen-free chickens were given infectious coryza vaccines containing inactivated cells of Haemophilus paragallinarum adsorbed onto an aluminum-hydroxide gel. The vaccines were protective when given subcutaneously or intramuscularly but not when given intranasally. Vaccines prepared with two different commercial brands of aluminum-hydroxide gel gave similar protection. Vaccines in which the inactivating agent was thimerosal were more protective than similar vaccines in which the inactivating agent was formalin. Monovalent vaccines protected against challenge only from organisms of the same agglutination serovar, whereas bivalent vaccines protected against challenge from organisms of either serovar. A single dose of the vaccine, given at 16 weeks of age, was not as effective as two doses given at 12 and 16 weeks of age in protecting against challenge 12, 25, or 56 weeks after vaccination.
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PMID:Further efficacy studies on inactivated, aluminum-hydroxide-adsorbed vaccines against infectious coryza. 296 Mar 12

Inactivated infectious coryza vaccines containing different adjuvants were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose containing 10(8) colony-forming units of Haemophilus paragallinarum HP31. After 3 weeks, all chickens were challenged by intrasinus inoculation of HP31. Two vaccines, one containing an aluminum-hydroxide adjuvant and the other a combined aluminum-hydroxide + avridine (a lipoidal amine) adjuvant, were effective. The three remaining vaccines--containing mineral-oil double-emulsion, avridine, or a combination of mineral-oil double-emulsion + avridine--gave much lower levels of protection. No adverse reactions were seen with any vaccine.
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PMID:Further comparison of adjuvants for an inactivated infectious coryza vaccine. 320 76

Covalent binding to immunogenic proteins increases the immunogenicity of the capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcus type 6A (Pn6A). Conjugates composed of Hib, Pn6A, or the cross-reacting Escherichia coli K100 covalently bound to tetanus toxoid (TT) were injected into young adult volunteers. Local reactions were common and were probably due to Arthus reactivity mediated by the preexisting antibodies reacting with the TT component of the conjugates. Fever occurred in about 10% of the volunteers after the first injection; no volunteers had fever after the second injection. Similar levels of Hib or Pn6A antibodies were elicited by either 50- or 100-micrograms doses or by concurrent injection of two different conjugates (Hib-TT and Pn6A-TT or Hib-TT and K100-TT). The Hib-TT elicited about a 180-fold increase in Hib antibodies, and the Pn6A-TT conjugate elicited about an 8-fold increase in Pn6A antibodies after one injection. Booster reactions were not elicited in adults; similar levels of antibodies in the five experimental groups suggested that the responses elicited by the conjugates were maximal. A one-way cross-reaction was noted as Pn6A conjugates elicited rises of Hib antibodies in 13 of 20 volunteers; only 4 of 59 volunteers immunized with Hib-TT had increases in Pn6A antibodies. The preimmunization Hib antibodies were composed of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG. The postimmunization sera showed an increase in all three isotypes; the elevation of the IgG was the highest of the three isotypes. Conjugate-induced antibodies to both the polysaccharide and TT exerted biological activities that have been correlated with immunity. Adsorption of the Hib-TT onto aluminium hydroxide resulted in higher levels and an earlier Hib antibody response in infant rhesus. These results encourage the evaluation of Hib and Pn6A conjugates in human children and infants.
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PMID:Quantitative and qualitative analyses of serum antibodies elicited in adults by Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates. 351 76


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