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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-four serologically and biochemically typable Haemophilus influenzae isolates from clinical specimens in Taiwan were subjected to analysis in their relationship with source of isolation and age distribution. It was found that all isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid were serotype b, biotype I, and all were in children less than 4 years of age. Serotypes b and e, biotypes I and III were encountered to have the highest incidence of infection caused by H. influenzae in this area. All H. influenzae isolates were further tested for susceptibility to several selected antibiotics. All strains of this organism were susceptible to erythromycin and chloramphenicol. All but two strains were susceptible to tetracycline, whereas more strains were resistant to carbenicillin, gentamycin, keflin, and penicillin. Thirty-four percent strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin and all were beta-lactamase producer. No direct correlation between ampicillin resistance and serotypes or biotypes was recognized.
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Xue Za Zhi 1979 Dec
PMID:Serotypes and biotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae encountered in a clinical laboratory in Taiwan. 31 80

Cellulitis of extremities due to Haemophilus influenzae is rare in children. Only 60 cases of Haemophilus influenzae cellulitis of the extremities have been reported. It usually affects young children between the ages of six and 24 months. The lesion often presents with a red-to-bluish-purple discoloration overlying the involved area. High fever and leukocytosis are commonly found. Culture of needle aspirate and blood with appropriate media is necessary for diagnosis. Early diagnosis is especially important because of associated bacteremia and the subsequent possibility of life-threatening complications such as meningitis. We reported a 8-month-old female infant with Haemophilus influenzae type b cellulitis over the right hand. She was admitted due to high fever and painful swelling of the right hand. Edematous right hand with dusky erythematous skin over the dorsum and swelling of the palm with limitation of range of motion were noted on admission. Smear of needle aspirate revealed gram negative bacilli and beta-lactamase(-) Haemophilus influenzae type b was cultivated in the blood culture. She was successfully treated with ampicillin and discharged with stable condition.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae cellulitis of the hand: report of one case]. 129 50

A total of 818 clinical bacterial isolates were tested for the production of beta-lactamase by rapid chromogenic cephalosporin method and for the susceptibility to ticarcillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid (2 micrograms/mL) by agar dilution method. These included 83 strains of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), 31 of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 49 of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 58 of Haemophilus influenzae, 112 of Escherichia coli, 118 of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 58 of Proteus mirabilis, 30 of Proteus vulgaris, 60 of Serratia marcescens, 113 of Enterobacter cloacae, 60 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 46 of Bacteroides fragilis. The results revealed that 46.6% of P. mirabilis, 53.4% of H. influenzae, 57.1% of N. gonorrhoeae, 80% of P. vulgaris, 83.9% of MRSA, 85.6% of MSSA, 87.5% of E. coli, 91.7% of S. marcescens, 95.7% of B. fragilis, 98.2% of E. cloacae, and 100% of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains produced beta-lactamase. In general, beta-lactamase nonproducers were more susceptible to ticarcillin than beta-lactamase producers. The ranges of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ticarcillin for beta-lactamase nonproducers of MSSA, MRSA, H. influenzae, E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. marcescens, E. cloacae, B. fragilis and beta-lactamase producers of MSSA, H. influenzae strains were all within the in vitro susceptible range. The presence of clavulanic acid resulted in a significant enhancement of the antibacterial activity of ticarcillin against beta-lactamase producers of MRSA, N. gonorrhoeae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and B. fragilis strains. Clavulanic acid had no synergistic activity for ticarcillin against S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa and E. cloacae.
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1992 Aug
PMID:In vitro antibacterial activities of ticarcillin alone and ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid against beta-lactamase producing and non-producing microorganisms. 134

Amoxicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, was tested for its effect in combination with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, against 9 species of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. A total of 698 strains of bacteria were tested for beta-lactamase production by the rapid chromogenic cephalosporin method. Their susceptibilities to amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid were tested by the agar dilution method. The percentage of beta-lactamase producing strains ranged from 46.6% in Proteus mirabilis to 100% in Klebsiella pneumoniac. In general, beta-lactamase nonproducers were more susceptible to amoxicillin than beta-lactamase producers. For beta-lactamase producers, clavulanic acid decreased the MICs of amoxicillin prominently in strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae and Bacteroides fragilis, when combining clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in the ratio of 1:2. Their MIC50s, MIC90s and geometric means of MICs all decreased 4 folds or greater. For beta-lactamase non-producing strains, the MICs did not show significant differences by adding clavulanic acid in most species we tested, including methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, Proteus vulgaris and E. cloacae.
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1991 Aug
PMID:Antibacterial activities of amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid correlated with beta-lactamase production. 181 98

We have treated 42 episodes of pediatric infections with sulbactam/ampicillin since 1987. Included were 9 cellulitis, 9 urinary tract infections, 5 cervical lymphadenitis, 4 meningitis, 2 thoracic empyema, 2 osteomyelitis, 2 sepsis, 1 furuncle, 1 perianal abscess, 1 dental abscess, 1 peritonsillitis, 1 salmonellosis, 1 shigellosis, 1 peritonitis, 1 suppurative thyroiditis, 1 infective endocarditis. Responsible pathogens were Escherichia coli in 8, Staphylococcus aureus in 6, Hemophilus influenzae in 2, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 3, Streptococcus viridans in 2, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 1, Bacteroides fragilis in 1, Salmonella D1 in 1, Shigella sonnei in 1, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1, Enterobacter agglomerans in 1, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in 1, Enterobacter cloacae in 1, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus in 1, and polymicrobial infection in 4 cases. Thirty-nine out of 41 (95%) clinically evaluable patients cured and all (34/34) bacteriologically evaluable patients eradicated their pathogens after treatment with sulbactam/ampicillin. Side reactions were seen in five patients; one maculopapular skin rash, one hemolytic anemia, two diarrhea, and one liver function impairment plus leukopenia. All these reactions were transient and did not require interruption of therapy. These results indicate that sulbactam/ampicillin is safe and effective in the treatment of common pediatric infections beyond the neonatal period.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:A clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections. 263 93

Serotypes, biotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens were investigated. Of 100 strains. only five were encapsulated. Three were type b (two from blood and one from spinal fluid), one was type c (from pus), and one was type e (from sputum). All strains were biotypable. Of these, 33% were biotype II, 26% biotype I, 26% biotype III, 2% biotype IV, 8% biotype V, and 5% biotype VI. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10 antibiotics was measured by agar dilution method. Among them, cefotaxime was the most effective (the geometric mean of MIC was 0.013 microgram/ml), followed by cefoperazone, cefamandol, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, cefaclor, and cefazoline. Erythromycin had the highest geometric mean of MIC (4.86 micrograms/ml). Twenty-seven isolates (27%) were resistant to ampicillin, and all the ampicillin-resistant isolates were beta-lactamase producer. Biotype III were the most resistant isolates to ampicillin among different biotypes.
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1989 Feb
PMID:Serotypes, biotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. 267 7

The prevalence of clinical bacteria, as isolated from Linko Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital (2,300 beds) in the period January 1985 to December 1986 and from Taipei Veterans General Hospital (2,300 beds) during the period January 1986 to December 1986, was analyzed with the following findings: (i) The isolation ratio of anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bactria during the period of investigation were 7.8% (5,513/70,799) and 92.2% (65,286/70,799), respectively. (ii) Of the total aerobic or facultative isolates from the two hospitals, 32.9% (21,510/65,286) were Gram positive cocci and bacilli, 67.1% (43,776/65,286) were Gram negative cocci and bacilli. (iii) Of these Gram-negative bacilli, 65.2% (28,490/43,675) were Enterobacteriaceae were Enterobacteriaceae and glucose fermentative Gram negative bacilli, 32.0% (13,984/43,675) were glucose nonfermentative Gram negative bacilli, and 2.7% (1,200/43,675) were fastidious Gram negative bacilli. (iv) The more common species among the members of Enterobacteriaceae were Escherichia coli 35.7% (10,163/28,490), and Klebsiella pneumoniae 18.2% (5,186/28,490). The other common species included Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, Citrobacter freundii and Proteus vulgaris. The frequencies of Salmonella species and Shigella species in these two large hospitals were up to 1.6% (456/28,490) and 0.5% (149/28,490), respectively. The most common isolate among other glucose fermentative Gram negative bacilli was Aeromonas hydrophila 3.0% (843/28,490). The finding of 0.1% (11/28,490) Vibrio alginolyticus was considered as clinically significant in Taiwan. (v) Of these glucose nonfermentative Gram negative bacilli, 69.4% (9,704/13,984) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18.9% (2,637/13,984) Acinetobacter species, 10.8% (1,516/13,984) Pseudomonas species. (vi) The most common bacteria among fastidious Gram negative bacilli was Haemophilus influenzae, 96.2% (1,154/1,200). (vii) Of these Gram negative cocci, 59.4% (60/101) was Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 6.9% (7/101) N. meningitidis. (viii) The more common isolates of Gram positive bacilli included Bacillus species and Corynebacterium species (diphtheroids). (ix) Of these Gram positive cocci, the isolation rates of Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species were 54.6% (10,838/19,827) and 45.4% (9,002/19,847), respectively. The most common isolate among Gram positive cocci was Staphylococcus aureus, 30.2% (5,994/19,847); the next, enterococcus, 24.9% (4,936/19,847); then S. epidermidis, 22.2% (4,390/19,847). The less common isolates were Streptococcus pyogenes 1.1% (212/19,847) and S. pneumoniae, 1.7% (329/19,847).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1989 Feb
PMID:[The ratios and kinds of clinical bacteria isolated in Taiwan's large-size hospitals]. 279 22

The utilization of exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by Haemophilus parainfluenzae was studied in suspensions of whole cells using radiolabelled NAD, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and nicotinamide ribonucleoside (NR). The utilization of these compounds by H. parainfluenzae has the following characteristics. (1) NAD is not taken up intact, but rather is degraded to NMN or NR prior to internalization. (2) Uptake is carrier-mediated and energy-dependent with saturation kinetics. (3) There is specificity for the beta-configuration of the glycopyridine linkage. (4) An intact carboxamide groups is required on the pyridine ring. The intracellular metabolism of NAD was studied in crude cell extracts and in whole cells using carbonyl-14C-labelled NR, NMN, NAD, nicotinamide, and nicotinic acid as substrates in separate experiments. A synthetic pathway from NR through NMN to NAD that requires Mg2+ and ATP was demonstrated. Nicotinamide was found as an end-product of NAD degradation. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide were not found as intermediates. The NAD synthetic pathway in H. parainfluenzae differs from the Preiss-Handler pathway and the pyridine nucleotide cycles described in other bacteria.
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PMID:Utilization and metabolism of NAD by Haemophilus parainfluenzae. 325 36

Studies were done on clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae to investigate viability and determine the effects of disc-agar diffusion (DAD) medium modification on antimicrobial susceptibility results. Most isolates were viable for two days in distilled water, up to a week on chocolate agar and months when frozen in skim milk at -70 degrees C. Differences in viability were not related to biotype, serotype, beta-lactamase production or site of isolation of isolates. Several medium modifications resulted in better growth of isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by DAD, but the zone sizes of inhibition differed from those of the recommended medium.
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1985 Aug
PMID:Viability and growth of clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. 387 20

The influence of ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides and ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides on the uptake of radiolabeled thymidine and thymine by Haemophilus influenzae during growth was investigated. A nucleoside-degrading enzyme similar to that reported in Escherichia coli was found to break down thymidine unless other nucleosides were present to divert its action. The presence of other nucleosides permitted a nearly quantitative uptake of even low levels of thymidine. This quantitative uptake of thymidine in the presence of an excess of other nucleosides suggests that the uptake mechanism for thymidine is specific in this organism. Under optimal conditions, as much as 50% of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) thymine was derived from exogenous thymidine. Thymine was not taken up by H. influenzae but, in the presence of purine deoxynucleosides, labeled thymine entered the cells, presumably as thymidine. Ribonucleosides or ribonucleotides inhibited thymine conversion to thymidine, but, as noted above, they were degraded by a cellular enzyme. Thus, unless the ribonucleoside level was excessively high, a cell level of growth was reached at which the inhibiting ribonucleoside was broken down and labeled thymine appeared in the cells at an increasing rate. Twenty-five per cent of the DNA thymine of this organism was labeled with exogenous thymine. The information noted above serves as the basis for isotopically labeling the DNA.
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PMID:Thymine and thymidine uptake by Haemophilus influenzae and the labeling of deoxyribonucleic acid. 530 72


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