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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, the closely related facultative, Gram-negative rods, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus, were distinguished taxonomically by means of their carbohydrate composition in phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide. Both A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus lipopolysaccharide contained rhamnose, fucose, galactose, glucose, L-glycero-D-mannoheptose, galactosamine, and glucosamine. The content of galactose was approximately twice as high in lipopolysaccharide from H. aphrophilus as in lipopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans. D-Glycero-D-mannoheptose was detected exclusively in lipopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans where it constituted 11.8-16.7% of the sugar content. This aldoheptose may therefore serve as a marker for chemotaxonomic differentiation between A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus. The present study also describes fragmentation of methylheptoside derivatives of trifluoroacetic acid (D-glycero- and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose) from A. actinomycetemcomitans as suggested by mass spectrometry.
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PMID:Differentiation between Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus based on carbohydrates in lipopolysaccharide. 651 46

Haemophilus influenzae is the bacteria most commonly found in chronical bronchitis not treated by antibiotic therapy. Experimental studies have suggested that the destruction of the ciliated respiratory epithelium is in conjunction with the toxic product of the cell-wall of this bacteria. Endotoxin is extracted by phenol-water procedure. Toxicity is reduced by mild hydrolysis. Antigenicity of the preparation is controlled by gel diffusion in a parallel sides-tank diffusion and electroimmunodiffusion. These methods show that common antigenicity is not affected by hydrolysis. After immunisation by that preparation, circulating antibodies are detected by passive hemagglutination and immuno-precipitation. The immunized rabbits have agglutinin titer of 1 : 256th. Antigenicity of this bacterial extract is preserved and the preparation is still immunogenic.
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PMID:[Studies on an extract from Haemophilus influenzae type a. I.--Antigenic and immunogenic studies (author's transl)]. 676 51

A practical acidimetric assay for penicillinase production using penicillin and phenol red impregnated in paper discs was developed. Blank discs were first impregnated with buffered penicillin G and, after drying, with 1% phenol red. For use, a disc was added to a bacterial suspension made in saline solution. A yellow color within 1 to 30 min of incubation indicated penicillinase production. These discs were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and the assay was found to be a simple, rapid, and accurate method for detection of penicillinase.
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PMID:A rapid paper-disc test for penicillinase. 678 70

The commercially available test systems API 20E and API 50E were used to characterize 74 reference strains and clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, H. aegyptius, H. parainfluenza, H. paraphrophilus and H. paraphrohaemolyticus The strains were grown on chocolate agar followed by suspending some colonies colonies in proteose pepton medium, pH 7.6, supplemented with the X- and V-factors. The alkaline suspension was used to inoculate the cups of the test kits. The alkali of the medium did not influence the biochemical reactions of the bacteria and enabled elimination of false positive reactions, particularly with the indicator phenol red. The API-systems proved efficacious for the diagnosis and characterization of the strains as compared with conventional biochemical tests.
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PMID:[Biochemical characterization of haemophilus-strains by using the API 20 E- and API 50e-testsystem (author's transl)]. 702 68

The structures of the lipopolysaccharides from Haemophilus ducreyi strains ITM 2665 and ITM 4747 have been investigated. Oligosaccharides were obtained from phenol/water-extracted lipopolysaccharide by mild acid hydrolysis and were studied with methylation analysis, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. The major oligosaccharide obtained from strain 2665 is a nonasaccharide with the following structure: beta-D-Galp-1-->4-beta-D-GlcNAcp-1-->3-beta-D-Galp-1-->4-D-alpha-D -Hepp- 1-->6-beta-D-Glcp-1-->(L-alpha-D-Hepp-1-->2-L-alpha-D-Hepp-1 -->3)-4-L-alpha- D-Hepp-Kdo, where the reducing terminal 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (or Kdo) exists in reduced anhydro forms. The proposed structure complements the preliminary structure described for Haemophilus ducreyi strain 35000 (Melaugh, W., Phillips, N. J., Campagnari, A. A., Karalus, R., and Gibson, B. W. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 13434-13439) with the missing anomeric configurations. The saccharide isolated from strain 4747 is a markedly simpler hexasaccharide with the following structure: beta-D-Galp-1-->4-beta-D-Glcp-1-->(L-alpha-D-Hepp-1-->2-L-alpha-D- Hepp- 1-->3)4-L-alpha-D-Hepp-Kdo. Apart from a different phosphorylation of the inner core region the proposed structure is identical to the structure of lipopolysaccharide from an only distantly related bacterium, viz. Haemophilus influenzae nontypable strain 2019 (Phillips, N. J., Apicella, M. A., Griffiss, J. M., and Gibson, B.W. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 4515-4526). The implications of these findings as regards the role of lipopolysaccharide as a virulence factor are discussed.
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PMID:Structural studies of the cell envelope lipopolysaccharides from Haemophilus ducreyi strains ITM 2665 and ITM 4747. 816 7

A novel type of sulfotransferase, arylsulfate sulfotransferase [EC 2.8.2.22], was purified to homogeneity from Haemophilus K-12, a mouse intestinal bacterium. The purified enzyme (M(r) 290,000) is composed of four subunits (M(r) 70,000). The best donor substrate was 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate, followed by beta-naphthyl sulfate, p-nitrophenyl sulfate (PNS), and alpha-naphthyl sulfate. The best acceptor substrate was alpha-naphthol, followed by phenol and resorcinol. The apparent Km for PNS using phenol as an acceptor and that for phenol and resorcinol. The apparent Km for PNS using phenol as an acceptor and that for phenol using PNS as a donor substrate were determined to be 0.095 and 0.71 mM, respectively. One of the reaction products, p-nitrophenol inhibited the enzyme noncompetitively with respect to PNS, but competitively with respect to alpha-naphthol. The Ki values of PNP for PNS and alpha-naphthol were 0.89 and 0.12 mM, respectively. The other reaction product, alpha-naphthyl sulfate, inhibited the enzyme competitively with respect to PNS, but non-competitively with respect to alpha-naphthol. The Ki values of alpha-naphthyl sulfate for PNS and for alpha-naphthol were 2.72 and 1.7 mM. These results suggest that the sulfate transfer reaction proceeds according to a ping pong bi bi mechanism.
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PMID:Purification and reaction mechanism of arylsulfate sulfotransferase from Haemophilus K-12, a mouse intestinal bacterium. 857 95

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence determinant of Haemophilus influenzae. The organism is capable of expressing a heterogeneous population of LPS which exhibits extensive antigenic diversity among multiple oligosaccharide (OS) epitopes. Structural elucidation of variable and conserved OS epitopes of H. influenzae serotype b strain Eagan was determined by the application of high-field NMR techniques and MS-based methods on oligosaccharides obtained from LPS samples by a deacylation strategy. LPS extracted by the hot aqueous phenol method gave complex electrophoretic patterns consisting of at least six low-molecular mass bands. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry of O-deacylated LPS revealed a series of related structures differing in the number of hexose residues as well as subpopulations of glycoforms containing additional phosphoethanolamine (PEA) groups. It was demonstrated that the LPS contains a conserved PEA-substituted, heptose-containing trisaccharide inner core moiety attached via a KDO 4-phosphate unit to a lipid A component. Tandem MS experiments unambiguously established the presence of a KDO 4-pyrophosphoethanolamine unit in the subpopulation of LPS containing additional PEA groups. The occurrence of LPS containing this structural feature was found to be dependant on the isolation procedure used. Each heptose of the common inner core element L-alpha-D-Hepp(1-->2)-L-alpha-D-Hepp(1-->3)-L-alpha-D-Hep p(1-->5)-alpha-KDO is substituted by a hexose residue with further chain elongation from the central unit. The structures of the major glycoforms containing four (three Glcs and one Gal), five (three Glcs and two Gals), and six (three Glcs and three Gals) hexoses were determined in detail. The Hex6 glycoform contains the terminal structure, alpha-D-Galp(1-->4)-beta-D-Galp(1-->4)-beta-D-Glc, providing, for the first time, definitive structural evidence for the expression of the Pk-blood group antigen in H. influenzae LPS. Moreover, an analogue of the Hex4 glycoform was identified in which the third heptose residue carries phosphate at 0-4.
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PMID:Structure of the variable and conserved lipopolysaccharide oligosaccharide epitopes expressed by Haemophilus influenzae serotype b strain Eagan. 904 8

The gene encoding the Enterobacter amnigenus AR-37 arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli NM522. Sequencing led to the identification of three contiguous open reading frames (ORFs) on the same strand. Based on amino acid sequence homology, ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 are designated astA, dsbA, and dsbB, respectively. A multiple sequence alignment revealed conserved regions in ASST. An N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the purified ASST from E. coli NM522 (pEAST72) showed that it is subject to N-terminal processing. The specific activity of purified ASST is 436.5 U/mg of protein. The enzyme is a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 64 kDa. Using phenol as an acceptor substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate is the best donor substrate, followed by beta-naphthyl sulfate, p-nitrophenyl sulfate (PNS), and alpha-naphthyl sulfate. For PNS, alpha-naphthol is the best acceptor substrate, followed by phenol, resorcinol, p-acetaminophen, tyramine, and tyrosine. The enzyme has a different acceptor specificity than the enzyme purified from Eubacterium A-44. It is similar to Klebsiella K-36 and Haemophilus K-12. The apparent K(m) values for PNS using phenol as an acceptor and for phenol using PNS as a donor are 0.163 and 0.314 mM, respectively. The pI and optimum pH are 6.1 and 9.0, respectively.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of the arylsulfate sulfotransferase gene and characterization of its product from Enterobacter amnigenus AR-37. 1060 Apr 54

The multiplex PCR method for the detection of Alloiococcus otitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (P. H. Hendolin, A. Markkanen, J. Ylikoski, and J. J. Wahlfors, J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:2854-2858, 1997) in middle ear effusions (MEEs) was modified to be better suited for clinical use. To detect false-negative results, an internal amplification was added to the reaction, and to prevent carryover contamination, the dUTP-uracil-N-glycosidase system was incorporated into the procedure. Labor was minimized by using the heat-activatable AmpliTaq Gold polymerase in order to circumvent manual hot start and by detecting the amplification products on an automated sequencer. The performance of the improved protocol was verified with MEEs from patients with otitis media with effusion. In addition, a ligase detection reaction (LDR) was developed for confirmation of the PCR products. The modifications increased the reliability of the protocol and the hands-off time significantly. However, when two DNA extraction protocols were compared, gram-negative bacteria were detected more often in phenol-treated MEEs (94 versus 46%; P < 0.001), and gram-positive bacteria were detected more often in MEEs dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate-NaOH-chaotropic salt (83 versus 27%; P < 0.001). The LDR was found to be 100% specific. In all, the results demonstrate the feasibility of the rapid (7-h) multiplex PCR method for routine laboratory use.
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PMID:Clinically applicable multiplex PCR for four middle ear pathogens. 1061 75

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) were purified from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Haemophilus parasuis serotype 5, which were used for vaccine production in Japan, by the phenol-water procedure. In SDS-PAGE analysis, A. pleuropneumoniae LPS, as well as Escherichia coli LPS, demonstrated a typical ladder profile of a smooth-type LPS. On the other hand, B. bronchiseptica and H. parasuis LPSs lacked the ladder profiles. It was found that the biological activity of these LPSs was comparable to those of E. coli LPS in terms of activation of the clotting enzyme of Limulus amoebocyte lysate, mitogenic activity of mouse spleen cells, stimulation of TNF-alpha and nitric oxide production, but IL-6 production could hardly be observed in any LPS.
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PMID:Biological activities of lipopolysaccharides extracted from porcine vaccine strains. 1065 Oct 44


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