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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three antigenic preparations were obtained from a non-capsulated strain of Haemophilus influenzae by ultrasonic disintegration, hot phenol extraction and from a fluid culture. They were designated H. influenzae cytoplasmic antigen (H(1-5); H. influenzae cell wall antigen (HCW); and H. influenzae culture filtrate antigen (HCF). Studies showed that H(1-5) antigen contained heat stable and heat labile components. The heat stable fraction stained positively for polysaccharide, had a positive limulus lysate test and there was immunological cross-reactivity between this and heat stable fractions of HCW and HCF. Limulus lysate assay indicated the presence of endotoxin in HCW and HCF preparations. Heat stable as well as heat labile antigens of H. influenzae should be given consideration in future studies regarding the pathogenicity of this organism in the lower respiratory tree. The specificity of the heat stable antigen of H. influenzae needs to be determined.
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PMID:Antigens of Haemophilus influenzae. 6 39

By the use of phenol water extraction it was possible to obtain strictly serotype-specific antigens from mucoid cell cultures of five serotypes of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus (pleuropneumoniae). These serotype-specific antigens did not cross-react with each other in immunodiffusion tests. The type-specific precipitating phenol-water-fractions were composed of two to four antigenic components, presumably of polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide nature.
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PMID:Serologic studies on porcine strains of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus (pleuropneumoniae): extraction of type-specific antigens. 9 4

The capsular polysaccharide (CP) of Haemophilus influenzae type b is known to be spontaneously released from the cells in culture. The CP is precipitable from culture supernatant by the cationic detergent hexadecyltrimethylammonium. Most of the nucleic acid and some of the protein, but almost none of the endotoxin, in the supernatant are co-precipitated. Extraction of the precipitate with progressively stronger NaCl solutions separates nucleic acid and protein from the CP and also effects a molecular size fractionation. Residual endotoxin and protein can be reduced by extraction with cold phenol and ultracentrifugation. The resulting preparation has ribose, ribitol, and phosphate as principal components and contains less than 1% other sugars, protein, or nucleic acid; it elutes on Sepharose 2B as a symmetrical peak with Kav 0.51.
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PMID:Isolation of the capsular polysaccharide from culture supernatant of Haemophilus influenzae type b. 30 Mar 61

Three methods for rapidly detecting beta-lactamase activity in Haemophilus influenzae are compared. The chromogenic cephalosporin method was found to be the most easily performed and the reagents could be stored for up to three weeks. The phenol red method was simple to perform but the iodometric method was more time consuming. All three tests gave identical results.
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PMID:A comparison of three rapid methods for the detection of beta-lactamase activity in Haemophilus influenzae. 30 72

This investigation was designed to characterize the immunoprotective antigen of ribosomal preparations from Haemophilus influenzae. The ribosomes that elicited 80 to 90% protection contained 25% protein and 75% ribonucleic acid but did not contain any detectable hexoses. The immunodiffusion and hemagglutination inhibition tests also failed to demonstrate that the capsular material (polyribose phosphate) was in ribosomal preparations. Treatment of ribosomes with ribonuclease degraded 78% ribonucleic acid but did not affect the immunogenicity of such preparations. The proteolytic enzymes reduced the immunogenicity of ribosomes corresponding to the amount of protein degraded. The protection elicited by ribosomal protein extracted with 2-chloroethanol was comparable to that induced by intact ribosomes. In contrast, the low levels of protection observed by immunization with phenol-extracted ribonucleic acid were dependent on the amounts of contaminating protein. Finally, immunogenicity of ribosomal ribonucleic acid and protein was abrogated by treatment with proteolytic enzymes. These results clearly indicate that the protein associated with Haemophilus ribosomes is the major immunoprotective antigen.
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PMID:Characterization of the immunoprotective antigen of ribosomal preparations from Haemophilus influenzae. 30 44

Lipopolysaccharide from strains of Haemophilus influenzae was extracted and isolated by the hot phenol-water procedure. The preparations were relatively insoluble in water but could be solubilized with surface-active agents. The preparations contained carbohydrate (30%), fatty acid (29%), and phosphate (4.7%); protein content was less than 1%. Thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and colorimetric assays detected glucose, galactose, glucosamine, heptose, and a 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate-like molecule (less than 1%). Neither methylpentose nor dideoxyhexose was detected. The lipid portion was composed of fatty acids common to lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella. The preparations provoked positive dermal Shwartzman reactions and biphasic febrile responses in rabbits, responses typical of endotoxic activity. The 50% lethal dose for mice was decreased from 16.5 microgram/g to 0.015 microgram/g by concomitant administration of actinomycin D. The preparations were shown to be polyclonal activators of bone marrow-derived (B) cells. Limulus lysate gelation was seen with 8.0 ng of lipopolysaccharide. Preliminary hemagglutination data suggested at least three different antigenic factors associated with the lipopolysaccharide of H. influenzae type b. The H. influenzae lipopolysaccharide appeared biologically similar to that of enterobacteria but chemically different.
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PMID:Characterization of lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae. 31 Aug 55

Purified native Hemophilus influenzae DNA is relatively insusceptible to nitrous acid (NA) mutagenesis in vitro, but is readily mutated following denaturation. NA mutagenicity for duplex DNA is significantly increased in the presence of various alcohols, glycols, phenols or primary amines. Phenol-extracted DNA contains dissociable contaminants of low molecular weight that enhance NA mutagenesis. Enhancement of NA mutagenesis by phenol and by spermine is due to the formation of unstable molecular species. We propose that reactive organic nitroso compounds are formed which then serve as delivery vehicles to promote mutagenicity of native DNA, perhaps via transnitrosation reactions. Similar reactions probably occur in vivo to promote NA-induced base substitution (but not frameshift) mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and in Escherichia coli. The possible significance of these observations to carcinogenesis is discussed.
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PMID:Nitrous acid mutagenesis of duplex DNA as a three-component system. 31 85

Ribonucleic acid was removed from a phenol-water extract of Haemophilus influenzae type a by streptomycin sulfate. This preparation was called purified preparation or PP. It contained neutral sugars (glucose, galactose, mannose, pentose), glucosamine, amino acids, and fatty acids. Heptose and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid were not present. The biological properties and immunogenicity were compared with the activities of lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium. Higher doses were necessary to obtain lethality in mice and Sanarelli and Shwartzman reactions with our preparations than were necessary with lipopolysaccharide. The Limulus test and pyrogen assay in rabbits gave the same results with purified preparation and lipopolysaccharide, but pyrogenicity of purified preparation was not destroyed by NaOH treatment. Purified preparation was not as immunogenic at low doeses for rabbits as lipopolysaccharide. The results were different from those obtained with lipopolysaccharide but similar to those known from peptidoglycan studies. The contamination of purified preparation with peptidoglycan was negligible and cannot explain the biological activities of purified preparation. We suggest that the phenol-water extract from H. influenzae is not a classical endotoxin, but rather an endotoxin-like substance.
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PMID:Chemical composition and biological activities of a phenol-water extract from Haemophilus influenzae type a. 31 93

Two antigens designated Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytoplasmic antigen (P(1-5)) and P. aeruginosa cell wal antigen (PCW) were prepared by ultrasonic disintegration and hot phenol extraction of a smooth polyagglutinable strain of P. aeruginosa isolated from the respiratory tract. It was shown that P(1-5) and PCW are immunologically distinct, that P(1-5) is heat-labile while PCW contains a heat-stable component which stains positively for polysaccharide, is positive for endotoxin and cross-reacts with a cell wall antigen of Haemophilus influenzae prepared by hot phenol extraction. Both antigens were able to activate the alternate pathway for complement. A statistically significant number of patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis have precipitating antibody to that fraction of cytoplasmic antigen specific for P. aeruginosa (P(1-2)) and PCW compared to controls, whereas patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis do not. The use of both antigens increases the number of patients with antibody to P. aeruginosa. Radioactive immunodiffusion studies indicate that 80.8% of controls have precipitating antibody to PCW antigen and that antibody to it is IgG, IgA and IgM. These studies indicate that consideration should be given to PCW as well as P(1-5) in any consideration of the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in these conditions.
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PMID:Precipitating antibody to antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic obstructive lung disease. 41 14

The identification of new serotypes of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (parahaemolyticus) and the frequency of pleural adhesions due to contagious pleuropneumonia in many fattening swine herds have prompted the study of the complement-fixation (CF) test as a diagnostic tool for use in swine. Whole cell antigens, mixed antigens, autoclaved antigens, and phenol-water-extracted antigens derived from different serotypes were prepared and tested with immunized-swine sera by the CF test. Mixed antigen consisting of whole cells from all known serotypes was the best screening antigen for routine use. This antigen gave positive titers with all sera in which a positive reaction against the separate serotype antigen was registered. The most highly serotype-specific reactions were obtained with antigens prepared by phenol-water extractions of whole cells. When whole-cell antigens were used in the CF test, antibodies to superficial serotype-specific and common species-specific antigens could be detected.
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PMID:Evaluation of different antigens in the complement-fixation test for diagnosis of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (parahaemolyticus) infections in swine. 52 74


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