Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI, ME 1207) in granules, a new oral cephalosporin, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized below. 1. Antibacterial activities: Antibacterial activities of CDTR were studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis in comparison with those of cefteram (CFTM), cefixime (CFIX), cefaclor (CCL), cefpodoxime (CPDX) and cefotiam (CTM). MIC80's of CDTR against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and B. catarrhalis were 1.56, 0.39, < or = 0.025, < or = 0.025, 0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results showed that CDTR has high antibacterial activities against these organisms. 2. Absorption and excretion: Serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CDTR-PI (administered in granules) were determined. Upon single oral doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, the peak serum concentrations were 0.5-2.45 micrograms/ml at 2 to 4 hours and 1.79-4.05 micrograms/ml at 1 to 4 hours, respectively, and T 1/2 was 1.07-9.67 hours and 0.99-3.00 hours, respectively. At 8 hours after dosing, serum concentrations were 0-0.87 micrograms/ml with a dose of 3 mg/kg and 0.27-0.73 micrograms/ml with 6 mg/kg. These values indicated that the drug has a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 12.9-34.2% with a dose of 3 mg/kg and 11.8-26.9% with 6 mg/kg. 3. Clinical study: Clinical efficacies were examined in a total of 81 cases consisting of 20 cases of acute bronchitis, 13 of acute pneumonia, 21 of tonsillitis, 5 of pharyngitis, 7 of scarlet fever, 2 each of impetigo, otitis media and purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 1 of pertussis and 8 of UTI. The clinical efficacy rate was 97.5% (79/81), and bacteriological eradication rate was 100% (76/76). As for side effects, 2 cases of watery stools and 1 case of minor elevation of GPT were observed.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefditoren pivoxil in the pediatric field]. 837 96

Azithromycin (AZM) preparations in fine granules and capsules were evaluated in 36 pediatric patients with various infections. In patients with pneumonia caused by Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae, bronchitis, pharyngitis, scarlet fever, whooping cough, or campylobacter enteritis, AZM was found effective in 94.4% (34/36). As for the bacteriological efficacy of AZM, all of 12 strains identified were found eradicated by the treatment. Plasma T 1/2(24 approximately 48 hrs.) of AZM in fine granules, given two patients at 10 mg/kg body weight once daily for 3 days, were 41.5 and 51.4 hours, while AUC0 approximately infinity was 7.45 and 13.44 mg.hr/ml. The rates of AZM recovered in the urine samples from two pediatrics patients in the first 81 hours of treatment, when it is given in fine granules at 10 mg/kg body weight once daily for 3 days, were 6.27% and 11.0%. Data from 43 patients were included for drug safety evaluation. Neither adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory changes were observed. In conclusion, AZM was found useful in treatment of pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a new macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin, in the pediatric field]. 957 55

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of cefluprenam (code number: E1077, abbreviation: CFLP), a newly developed injectable cephem antibiotics was conducted on adult patients with various infections, and followed by the study group organized from 39 institutions in pediatric field, as the drug showed no toxicity problems in suckling animals. Informed consents from legal representatives were obtained prior to the study. 1. Clinical efficacy. Two-hundred eighty one cases were included for analysis of clinical efficacy after 40 cases of exclusion or drop-out were subtracted from a total of 321 cases. However, the cumulative number of cases evaluable for analysis was considered to be 289, because 8 cases that had 2 different diseases at the same time were counted in each category of disease. In the cases in which causative organisms were identified (group A), 148 of 154 cases were rated as good or excellent, with an efficacy rate of 96.1%. As for clinical efficacies by disease, efficacy rates were 6/6 for purulent meningitis, 4/5 for sepsis, 95.7% (62/65) for pneumonia, 100.0% (29/29) for urinary tract infections, and 94.1% (16/17) for skin and soft tissue infections. The rate of excellent responses among excellent and good responses was 73.6% (109/148), showing a higher value than any of recent injectable beta-lactams. On 32 cases with S. pneumoniae infection, the efficacy rate of CFLP was 100.0%. In the cases where causative organisms were not identified (group B), 128 of 135 cases were rated as good or excellent, with an efficacy rate of 94.8%. In the all cases including both the group A and the group B, the efficacy rate was 95.2% (276/289) and the rate of excellent responses among excellent and good response was 70.7% (195/276). Against severe infections, CFLP exhibited excellent clinical efficacy, showing an efficacy rate of 8/8 for meningitis, 3/5 for sepsis and 100.0% (22/22) for severe pneumonia. As for bacteriological responses, eradication rates were 95.2% (177/186) in total. Against Gram-positive cocci, the eradication rate was 92.7% (76/82), with eradication rates of 94.3% (33/35) for Staphylococcus aureus, and 93.3% (28/30) for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Against Gram-negative rods, the eradication rate was 97.1% (101/104), and eradication rates were 100.0% (22/22) for Escherichia coli, 97.5% (39/40) for Haemophilus influenzae and 100.0% (19/19) for Molaxella catarrhalis. In cases in which more than 3 days of treatment with previous chemotherapy resulted in no response, the efficacy rate of CFLP was 94.2% (98/104), rated excellent in 68 cases and good in 30 cases. In these cases, the eradication rate was 98.1% (52/53). 2. Pharmacokinetics. CFLP was intravenously administerrd to 12 subjects at doses of 20 to 40 mg (potency)/kg. In 9 subjects aged more than 12 months, maximum serum levels (Cmax), T 1/2 beta and AUC of CFLP were 155.3 +/- 9.8 micrograms/ml, 1.43 +/- 0.18 hours and 111.7 +/- 15.0 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively, when a dose of 20 mg (potency)/kg was used. In 2 subjects aged not more than 12 months, the mean Cmax, T 1/2 beta and AUC were 153 micrograms/ml, 1.6 hour and 81 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively, at a dose of 20 mg(potency)/kg. The mean Cmax, T 1/2 beta and AUC were 332 micrograms/ml, 0.93 hours and 157.3 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively, in 1 subject at a dose of 40 mg (potency)/kg. In 10 subjects dosed 20 mg (potency)/kg, urinary levels were 2413 +/- 512, 1471 +/- 524, and 470 +/- 115 micrograms/ml in 0-2, 2-4, and 4-6 hours after dosing, respectively, showing a cumulative urinary excretion rate of 61.4 +/- 6.3%. In 1 subject dosed 40 mg (potency)/kg, urinary levels were 5700 and 4770 micrograms/ml in 0-2 p3d 2-4 hours after dosing, respectively, showing a cumulative urinary excretion rate of 42.1%. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of CFLP, on 10 subjects with purulent meningitis dosed 40-103 mg (potency)/kg were 3.2-32.9 micrograms/ml at 0.5-2 hours after administration within 4 days after the onset of
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with cefluprenam in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Gefluprenam]. 974 6


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