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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The biochemical characteristics of 464 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 83 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolated over an 18-month period are described. Of 22 characteristics obtained, only 6 were necessary to biochemically identify and biotype the isolates. The key substrates or tests were urease, ornithine, indole, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, sucrose, and xylose. Five biotypes of H. influenzae and four of H. parainfluenzae were commonly recognized. Some strains were encountered which could not be accommodated in the recognized taxa but which constituted separate biotypes of the two species, H. influenzae biotype I was recovered principally from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and upper respiratory secretion, and biotypes II and III were recovered from eye and sputum cultures. Biotype I was recovered primarily from children less than 1 year of age, whereas biotypes II and III were from persons 1 to 5 years old and from those over 20 years of age. Multiple isolates recovered from the same patient were almost always of the same biotype. Strains of H. parainfluenzae were isolated primarily from sputum, with others being isolated from body sources such as dental abscesses, gastric aspirates, and peritoneal fluid. An inverse relationship was noticed between hemolysis and mannose fermentation among H. parainfluenzae biotype III strains, whereas the relationship was absent among the other biotypes.
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PMID:Biotypes of Haemophilus encountered in clinical laboratories. 31 64

Cultures from the gallbladder and blood of a 60-year-old man with acute cholecystitis grew Haemophilus aphrophilus. This organism, an unusual isolate in clinical specimens, is most frequently seen in patients with either endocarditis or brain abscesses. Haemophilus aphrophilus may be distinguished from Eikenella corrodens and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on the basis of colonial morphology and the biochemical tests for oxidase and catalase production and fermentation of lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, xylose, and trehalose.
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PMID:Haemophilus aphrophilus cholecystitis. 63 50

50 strains of hemophilic bacteria from the human upper respiratory tract were studied using morphological, physiological, and biochemical features including respiratory quinones. The isolates were associated with the conventional species Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and H. aegyptius. They were grouped into the proposed biovarieties of the Influenzae- and Parainfluenzae-groups according to Kilian's classification. The heterogeneous group of Aegyptius-strains was not classified in detail, and the taxonomic position of one haemophilus-like strain which required blood serum for growth could not be elucidated. In order to differentiate between Influenzae and Parainfluenzae strains independently from the growth factor requirements, some diagnostic criteria were pointed out, namely the decolorization of the indicator bromthymolblue in the OF-test medium, growth characteristics and suspendability in proteose-peptone medium, size of colonies on chocolate agar, production of indole and of acid from sucrose, fructose, xylose and maltose.
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PMID:[On the phenotypical characteristics of haemophilus isolates from human respiratory tract (author's transl)]. 74 17

Sixty-eight Haemophilus somnus strains isolated from the bovine in Canada and the U.S.A. were compared. In media enriched with 5% ovine serum, 5% bovine serum and 10% yeast extract, H. somnus fermented glucose, levulose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose, but failed to ferment arabinose, dulcitol, galactose, inositol, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin and sucrose. The organisms acidified litmus milk, produced cytochrome oxidase, indole and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and reduced nitrates to nitrites. The motility, methyl-red, acetylmethyl-carbinol urease catalase, citrate, malonate, lysine, ornithine and arginine tests were negative. Haemophilus somnus was resistant to lincomycin, neomycin and triple sulfa, but susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, penicillin and tetracycline. No antigenic differences were noted between strains when tested against rabbit antisera of eight strains using agglutination, complement-fixation, immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis tests. Low titre cross-reactions were found in the agglutination tests with some of the anti-H. somnus rabbit sera with Actinobacillus lignieresi and Moraxella bovis. No distinct antigenic similarities to nine other species of pathogenic bacteria of animal origin were found. No difference was observed between H. somnus isolates from Ontario and those from western Canada and the U.S.A.
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PMID:A comparison of various Haemophilus somnus strains. 92 55

A case of Haemophilus paraphrophilus endocarditis successfully treated with ampicillin is described. The patient, a 24-year-old woman, had a prolapsed mitral valve. The organism was initally misidentified as H. parainfluenzae, which it closely resembles. H. paraphrophilus is distinguished by its requirement of 10% CO2 for growth on NaCl-free medium and its inability to ferment xylose.
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PMID:Haemophilus paraphrophilus endocarditis in a prolapsed mitral valve. 98 99

Fifteen healthy old people mean age 84 years (range 80-91 years), were examined to assess the effect of advanced age on the microecology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Twelve of 15 (80%) were hypochlorhydric with pH 6.6 (0.3) (mean (SEM) and a mean bacterial count of 10(8) colony forming units (CFU) per ml (range 10(5)-10(10)) in fasting gastric aspirate. Normochlorhydric subjects had low counts (< or = 10(1) CFU/ml). The microbial flora was dominated by viridans streptococci, coagulase negative staphylococci, and Haemophilus sp. Only one subject harboured significant concentrations of Gram negative bacilli with Escherichia coli (10(4-5) CFU/ml) and Klebsiella (10(4-5)). Strict anaerobes were not found. The total concentration of short chain fatty acids in gastric aspirate was 10.6 (2.9) mmol/l (mean (SEM). Absence of significant, intraluminal fermentation of xylose to CO2 was shown by the 14C-d Xylose breath test, and ambulatory manometry showed preserved fasting motility pattern of the small intestine. Serum immunoglobulins were normal. Advanced age is accompanied by fasting hypochlorhydria and colonisation with mainly Gram positive flora in the upper gut. Other factors than old age and fasting hypochlorhydria are required for colonisation with Gram negative bacilli.
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PMID:Fasting hypochlorhydria with gram positive gastric flora is highly prevalent in healthy old people. 144 55

A high rate of phenotypic variation in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) electrophoretic profile of Haemophilus somnus occurred in most isolates obtained at approximately weekly intervals from three calves intrabronchially challenged with a cloned isolate of H. somnus 2336. Daily subculturing for 2 weeks resulted in at least one major alteration in the LOS electrophoretic profiles for strain 2336 and both additional disease isolates examined, but no change occurred in the LOS electrophoretic profiles for any of three commensal isolates examined. None of the LOSs from any of the postchallenge intrabronchial isolates reacted with rabbit antiserum to the challenge strain LOS in immunoblotting, but LOSs from two nasopharyngeal isolates did. Antigenic variation in the extracted LOSs of most of the isolates was supported by the results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Preimmune serum from each of the calves did not react with any of the isolates or the challenge strain, whereas sera obtained 35 days after challenge reacted with the challenge strain and zero to five additional isolates and sera obtained 74 days after challenge reacted with two to six additional isolates. Recognition of LOSs from isolates obtained near the end of the 70-day experiment by day-74 sera was related to clearance of the bacteria from the lungs. Isolates demonstrating major electrophoretic changes showed variations in the composition of the oligosaccharide, but not lipid A, moiety of their LOSs. The oligosaccharide of the LOS of each isolate was composed predominantly of glucose but varied substantially in the contents of galactose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid. Therefore, the LOS of H. somnus is capable of undergoing compositional and antigenic variations, which may act as an important virulence mechanism for evading host immune defense mechanisms.
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PMID:Phenotypic phase variation in Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide during bovine pneumonia and after in vitro passage. 161 61

The paper reports on the drawing up and experimentation of a kit of media for identification in liquid media and biotyping of H. influenza and H. parainfluenza. The kit is made up of 14 components, out of which the following were prepared: basic broth, X V broth, V broth, X broth, red-phenol broth, and XV factors + ribose, xylose and saccharose, urea substrate. Moeller medium with XV, with and without ornithine, covered with paraffin oil after impregnation. In the XV broth and the broth with red phenol the XV factors and saccharose, the bands for indole and H2S were put after impregnation with bacterial culture. On these media, 175 strains of Haemophilus were identified and biotyped. 109 of them were H. influenzae and 66 H. parainfluenzae, when satellitism was used. Identification in liquid media showed that 5.5% of the H. influenza strains were H. parainfluenza and 10.6% of the H. parainfluenza strains were H. influenza. Finally, 110 strains were H. influenzae and 65 H. parainfluenzae. The components of the kit permitting identification and biotyping of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae are: basic broth with red phenol, X broth, XV factors supplement, V supplement, mono- and bipotassium phosphate solution, 20% urea solution, 20% saccharose, 20% ornithine, Moeller medium, bands for indole and paraffine oil.
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PMID:[The development of and experimentation with a kit for the identification and rapid biotyping of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae]. 180 92

The biochemical characteristics of 114 respiratory Haemophilus isolates were examined by the Minitek and Microbact systems. The Microbact system was easy to use and read, although some of the less important reactions (glucose and xylose) were difficult to interpret on occasions. On the basis of the 3 crucial reactions--indole production, ornithine decarboxylase and urease activity--discrepancies between the two systems were minor. Given careful standardization of techniques the Microbact system is a suitable alternative to established techniques for the biotyping of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae.
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PMID:Biotyping respiratory Haemophilus species with the microbact system. 306 Aug 21

The biochemical properties of 39 strains of Haemophilus avium from chickens were determined. All the strains produced acid from fructose, galactose, glucose and mannose but not from lactose. Variable reactions were found for arabinose, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose. No strains showed urease activity or produced indole, while beta-galactosidase and/or ornithine decarboxylase activity was present in some strains. This variability allowed the recognition of 15 biochemical biovars including some not previously recognized in H. avium. Only 25 (64%) of the H. avium strains could be assigned to the three species (Pasteurella avium, P. volantium and Pasteurella species A) recently proposed to replace H. avium.
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PMID:Biochemical properties of catalase-positive avian haemophili. 315 Dec 6


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