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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 (ATCC 27089) is composed of D-glucose (two parts), D-galactose (one part), glycerol (one part), and phosphate (one part). Hydrolysis, dephosphorylation, methylation, enzymic studies, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance experiments showed that the polysaccharide is a high molecular weight polymer of a tetrasaccharide repeating units, linked by monophosphate diester and having the following structure: (Formula: see text).
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PMID:Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. 362 Jan 58

The capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 (ATCC 33377) was found to be a linear type polysaccharide of a repeating disaccharide unit composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (dOclA). By composition analysis, methylation, partial hydrolysis and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies, it was concluded that the capsular polysaccharide is a high-molecular-mass unbranched polymer having the structure: [6)-alpha-D-GlcNAcp-(1-5)-beta-dOclAp-(2]n.
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PMID:Structure of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5. 369 18

The capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 (ATCC 27088) was found to be a teichoic acid type polysaccharide of a repeating disaccharide unit composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose and D-galactose units. By composition analysis, methylation, partial hydrolysis, dephosphorylation, and one- and two-dimensional 500-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, together with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies, it was concluded that the capsular polysaccharide is a high molecular weight linear polymer having the structure: (Formula: see text)
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PMID:Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. 376 64

The oligosaccharide moiety of the lipooligosaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eag was isolated from the lipid component by mild acid hydrolysis and purified by gel filtration. Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry indicated that the lipid-free oligosaccharide had a basic molecular weight of 1,768; polysaccharides comparable to high-molecular-weight O side chains were not found. Glucose, galactose, galactosamine, heptose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDO), ethanolamine, and phosphate were identified in the lipid-free oligosaccharide by colorimetric assays, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, or an amino acid analyzer. The presence of KDO was not clearly established by a thiobarbituric acid assay or by growth inhibition by a diazaborine derivative thought to block KDO synthesis. However, the semicarbizide assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of KDO. Lectin precipitation by Eag lipooligosaccharide in gels indicated that beta-D-galactose was present and that some of this monosaccharide was a terminal, nonreducing residue linked to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The lipid-free oligosaccharide was antigenic and completely inhibited lipooligosaccharide antibody (predominantly immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas the solubilized lipid A moiety did not. H. influenzae type b lipid-free oligosaccharide differed from core oligosaccharide of Salmonella lipooligosaccharide by the presence of galactosamine and a smaller percentage of heptose and KDO.
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PMID:Composition and antigenic activity of the oligosaccharide moiety of Haemophilus influenzae type b lipooligosaccharide. 387 43

Capsular structure and biochemical composition varied between two isolates (virulent and avirulent) of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5. The presence of capsule was determined by transmission electron microscopy with glutaraldehyde-osmium, ruthenium red, alcian blue, and phosphotungstic acid staining procedures. The virulent isolate of H. pleuropneumoniae had a distinct, adherent capsule. The avirulent isolate had a fragile, easily removed capsule. Capsular material (CM) and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were isolated from each bacterial isolate and were compared biochemically and biologically. CM from both isolates contained carbohydrates, no detectable protein, and no detectable to trace amounts of lipid A. Each LPS contained heptose, hexose, galactose, glucosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, and lipid A. Biological responses to CM and LPS from both isolates were demonstrated in the proclotting enzyme of Limulus polyphemus amebocyte lysate activation and in serological cross-reactions by immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion precipitation. The virulent isolate contained approximately 10 mg of LPS per g more on an original dry weight basis than the avirulent isolate. LPS from the virulent isolate contained approximately 13 times more galactose than LPS from the avirulent isolate. The differences of capsular structure and biochemical composition may contribute to the role of CM in porcine H. pleuropneumoniae infections.
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PMID:Morphological and biochemical comparison of virulent and avirulent isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5. 394 95

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae 1536, serotype 2, was isolated and purified by a procedure designed to be equally satisfactory for both smooth- and rough-type LPS. The LPS yield was 53%. Analysis of the preparations revealed that protein, nucleic acid, and cellular phospholipid contamination was negligible (less than 0.1%). Analysis of the sugar content of the LPS by gas-liquid chromatography and colorimetric analysis revealed the presence of rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucose, heptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid. The heptose and glucose contents appeared to be unusually high. The fatty acids of the LPS consisted of a mixture of C14:0 and C16:0 in a ratio of about 4.5:1 (50% of the total) and 3-hydroxy C14:0. When used as a preparatory dose for the dermal Shwartzman reaction, as little as 10 micrograms of the LPS injected intradermally in rabbits produced reddening and swelling. After intravenous injection of a 100-micrograms LPS provoking dose, necrosis was observed at all intradermal injection sites. Limulus amebocyte lysate gelation was observed with an LPS concentration as low as 0.5 ng/ml. A typical biphasic fever response was noted in rabbits injected with as little as 0.25 ng of LPS per kg of body weight.
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PMID:Isolation, purification, and partial characterization of a lipopolysaccharide from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. 394 99

Of 20 clinical isolates of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 13 produced a mannose-resistant hemagglutinin that agglutinated erythrocytes from chickens, horses, rabbits, and sheep. Examination with the electron microscope showed that only strain HR-885 was pilate. Grown in static liquid culture, the 12 hemagglutinating, nonpilate isolates formed small, tightly packed clumps, whereas strain HR-885 formed large, loosely packed clumps. However, seven isolates did not produce a hemagglutinin, did not clump, and were nonpilate.
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PMID:Occurrence of pili on and adhesive properties of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. 610 10

We confirmed that the fimbriae of Haemophilus influenzae type b conferred hemagglutinating activity (HA) towards human erythrocytes, and erythrocytes of certain other species. Most (17/25) cerebrospinal fluid isolates lacked detectable HA on direct testing, but selective enrichment for fimbriation (f+) indicated that 22 of 25 strains could produce these surface structures. HA was unchanged from pH 4.5 to 9.5 and was not inhibited by mannose or certain other simple sugars. The HA titer of a suspension of three f+ strains was slightly decreased at 50 degrees C; HA was lost by heating at 60 degrees C for 3 min. Growth on a variety of solid and liquid media and under differing degrees of oxygenation did not change the HA titer of a suspension of three f+ strains. Fimbriation was not lost on repeated subculture. Wild-type fimbriated strains, and those derived by transformation, did not contain detectable plasmid DNA. Transformation of a strain lacking fimbriae to f+ was associated with the appearance of an outer membrane protein of 24 kilodaltons. This protein was purified from one strain to homogeneity on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by selective detergent solubilization and ammonium sulfate fractionation. Colonization capacity was equivalent with an isogenic untypable strain lacking or possessing fimbriae. Fimbriae of type b H. influenzae possess characteristics similar to those structures on other gram-negative bacteria; their role in cell physiology or pathogenesis of invasive disease is unknown.
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PMID:Characterization of Haemophilus influenzae type b fimbriae. 615 12

A phenol-water extract from Haemophilus influenzae type a was hydrolyzed to decrease the toxicity without affecting the antigenicity of the preparation. We used partial hydrolysis for 15 h with ion exchangers in the presence of chloroform. The lipid fraction was collected into the organic solvent. The preparation obtained from the aqueous solution was designated the polysaccharide fraction. Rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannose, and glucosamine were the major components of the polysaccharide fraction, and their molar ratios were determined by gas-liquid chromatography; 2.5% myristic acid was also found in the polysaccharide fraction. The mild hydrolysis of the polysaccharide fraction for 15 h caused a marked reduction in toxicity (50% lethal dose, 183 +/- 9 microgram/kg) and pyrogenicity. The generalized Sanarelli reaction was negative. The local Shwartzman phenomenon was not observed if chloroform and Dowex were exchanged three times during hydrolysis. Most of the antigenic components remained active after the hydrolytic process. The polysaccharide fraction could also induce the formation of circulating antibodies in rabbits and also increase the phagocytic process against H. influenzae from month 2 to 6.
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PMID:Preparation of a nontoxic and immunogenic polysaccharide fraction from a Haemophilus influenzae phenol-water extract. 615 11

A polysaccharide fraction (PS) was separated by mild hydrolysis from Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. This preparation contained glycosyl-galactosyl, rhamnosyl, glucosaminyl and mannosyl residues (molar ratio: 4-1-1-2-2). It was nontoxic and immunogenic and consisted of at least one stable molecular group (fraction A; MW approximately equal to 10(6)) and an association of aggregated units (fraction B;MW approximately equal to 10(4)). This study evaluated the capacity of phagocytosis and quantitative nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction of mouse macrophages in presence of these polysaccharide fractions. After a 24-h incubation period, PS and fraction A, at 1 mg/ml, increased both phagocytosis and reduction potential of mouse peritoneal macrophages by 100%. In contrast, 1-h incubation with PS or fraction A induced a decrease of 50% in phagocytosis but no modification of NBT reduction. An identical incubation with various sugars showed that only mannosyl polymers could significantly decrease this phagocytic process. As in the case of toxic lipopolysaccharides, macrophages responded to a nontoxic preparation obtained from an endotoxin. We confirmed the role of mannosyl residues in recognition of macrophage binding receptors. Moreover, we suggest that this mannose binding ability was dependent on dose, aggregation state and molecular weight of the preparation.U
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PMID:Action of a polysaccharide fraction of Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide on macrophage: implication of receptor for mannosyl-polysaccharides. 629 79


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