Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a double-blind, randomized, multicenter study, the efficacy and safety of two dosage schedules of rufloxacin once daily were compared with those of amoxicillin three times a day in the treatment of 192 outpatients with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Rufloxacin was given as a single oral dose of 400 mg on day 1 and single daily doses of 200 mg on the subsequent 9 days (n = 64) or as 300 mg on day 1 and then 150 mg daily for 9 days (n = 63); amoxicillin was given as 500 mg orally three times a day for 10 days (n = 65). Clinical and bacteriological assessments were carried out before treatment, between study days 3 and 5, and at days 1 and 8 after treatment. Pretreatment cultures were positive for 139 patients, the most frequently isolated pathogens being Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Clinical success rates were comparable in the three groups (94, 95, and 98%, respectively), as were bacteriological success rates at the end of treatment (93, 95, and 91%, respectively) and at follow-up (88, 95, and 98%, respectively). The power to detect a significant 15% difference in cure rates was 74.9%. Follow-up bacteriological failures from pneumococcal infection were 18% in both rufloxacin groups combined and 5% in the amoxicillin group. The 200-mg dose regimen achieved average steady-state concentrations in plasma higher than did the 150-mg dose regimen (3.75 versus 2.72 micrograms/ml). Adverse events occurred in 11 and 13 patients, respectively, on rufloxacin and 8 on amoxicillin. This study shows that rufloxacin once daily ay be a possible option for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. The 200-mg daily oral dose preceeded by a loading dose of 400 mg displays a better pharmacokinetic profile than the lower dose.
 ...
PMID:Double-blind, comparative study of rufloxacin once daily versus amoxicillin three times a day in treatment of outpatients with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 828 9

The in vitro activity of rufloxacin, alone and in combination with its metabolite (MF 922) against common respiratory and urinary tract pathogens and anaerobes was assessed. No synergistic interaction between rufloxacin and MF 922 was observed by the checkerboard technique against aerobic bacteria. When the time-kill system was employed, 24 synergistic interactions were noted out of 30 tests performed (80%), of which 14 (100%) were with Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 2 with Moraxella catarrhalis (50%), 4 with Haemophilus influenzae (100%), 2 with Staphylococcus aureus (50%) and 2 with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes (50%). Synergism was found with all Bacteroides fragilis irrespectively of the method used. Rufloxacin alone or in combination with MF 922, at concentrations achieved in vivo, induced morphological alterations in all the pathogens analyzed with the exception of M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae. Towards S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae, the same levels of rufloxacin and MF 922 were capable of inducing only bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal effect, followed by reversible morphological modifications. The presence of 50% human serum in the test media did not affect the results.
 ...
PMID:Bactericidal activity, morphological alterations, and synergistic interactions of rufloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, alone and in combination with its N-desmethylate D derivative (MF 922). 869 94

The antibacterial activity of rufloxacin was confirmed against a large number of respiratory and urinary tract pathogens collected in five European countries. In terms of both MIC90 values and percentages of susceptible isolates found, this new quinolone showed useful in-vitro activity against Mycoplasma catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with a large proportion of Staphylococcus aureus also covered, while, as expected Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes were not included in its antibacterial spectrum. Rufloxacin was comparable with the other antibiotics against these pathogens with the exception of streptococci. Against these microorganisms, beta-lactams were the most active agents. Against the urinary pathogens the in-vitro activity of rufloxacin is similar to that of norfloxacin although this latter drug is more active in terms of MIC90 values and in percentages of strains inhibited. In many cases more isolates were susceptible to the remaining comparator agents than to rufloxacin. However, there were no significant differences between the numbers of microorganisms inhibited by the various drugs and rufloxacin. The findings of this survey do not seem to modify the general picture which emerged in previous studies and further confirms its useful spectrum in different geographic settings.
 ...
PMID:A multinational European survey on the in-vitro activity of rufloxacin and other comparative antibiotics on respiratory and urinary bacterial pathogens. 893 58