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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Production of hemagglutinin (HA) of Haemophilus gallinarum was compared in some media, and its properties were studied. HA was produced in Kato's media, brain heart infusion (BHI) broth containing beta-diphosphopyridine nucleotide, and chicken meat infusion (CMI) broth. The HA in CMI broth different according to the concentration of the chicken serum; no HA titer was found in 0.5% or more chicken serum, but HA was activated by storage in a refrigerator. Cells of H. gallinarum cultured for a long time had markedly decreased HA titer. A weak HA was produced in blood and Kato's agars, but no titer appeared in CMI and BHI agars. HA of H. gallinarum was heat-labile and inactivated by formalin, ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate. On the other hand, HA was resistant to chloroform, acetone, and some enzymes. Moreover, the HA titer of cell cultured in CMI broth was enhanced by hyaluronidase. H. gallinarum in Kato's and BHI broths were pleomorphic rods with or without a capsule, but were capsulated ovoid cells in CMI broth, according to electron microscopy.
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PMID:Production and properties of hemagglutinin of Haemophilus gallinarum. 84 2

Bacterins prepared from 7 strains of Haemophilus gallinarum were used to immunized chickens for cross-protection studies. Three distinct immunotypes were distinguished. Slight protection between immunotypes was evident for some strains. Airsacculitis could be prevented by use of these bacterins; however, prevention was related to immunotype specificity. Hyaluronic acid found in 2 strains rendered them inagglutinable in homologous antiserums. Treatment with hyaluronidase rendered them agglutinable.
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PMID:Infectious coryza: cross-protection studies, using seven strains of Haemophilus gallinarum. 93 Nov 40

The pathogenicity and presence of serovar-specific hemagglutinating (HA) antigens of Haemophilus paragallinarum serovar B reference strains 0222 and Spross and field isolates 24268 and 24317 were investigated. Chickens challenged with all strains except strain 0222 showed clinical signs of infectious coryza. For all four strains, challenged chickens had intrasinus lesions and were colonized by the challenge organism. Before and after hyaluronidase treatment, strains 0222, 24268, and 24317 showed HA activity against formaldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes but not against fresh chicken erythrocytes. Strain Spross expressed HA activity only after treatment. In cross-hemagglutination-inhibition tests, the four serovar B strains cross-reacted with each other but not with serovar A and C strains. Cross-adsorption tests indicated that strain 24317 has a wider range of HA antigens than the other two strains. Our results indicated that H. paragallinarum serovar B strains are pathogenic for chickens and that they possess six different HA antigens, one of which is specific for serovar B strains.
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PMID:Pathogenicity and serovar-specific hemagglutinating antigens of Haemophilus paragallinarum serovar B strains. 214 63

Seventy-two isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum were serotyped according to the Page scheme, using a new hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. The results were compared with the plate agglutination method conventionally used in the Page scheme. The HI test used washed cells of H. paragallinarum, glutaraldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes, and rabbit antisera originally produced for the agglutination method. For 49 of the isolates, there was complete correlation between the results of the HI serotyping test and the previously performed agglutination test--23 were serovar A, two were serovar B, and 24 were serovar C. The other 23 isolates were nontypable by the agglutination test, but 21 of them could be serotyped by the HI method--six as serovar A, two as serovar B, and 13 as serovar C. Nine isolates required treatment of the bacterial cells with hyaluronidase for the expression of hemagglutination (HA) activity. Two isolates did not have HA activity despite hyaluronidase treatment and so could not be serotyped by the HI test.
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PMID:Serotyping of Haemophilus paragallinarum by the Page scheme: comparison of the use of agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. 224 94

Four field isolates (S4, S10, S15, and S17) of Haemophilus paragallinarum were recovered from chickens affected with infectious coryza in widely separated regions of Japan. Their hemagglutinating (HA) activity and immunological properties were compared with those of strain 221 of serovar A/1 and strains Modesto and S1 of serovar C/2. When treated with potassium thiocyanate or hyaluronidase, all the isolates showed HA activity against formaldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes but not against fresh chicken erythrocytes. In the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, the isolates cross-reacted with strains Modesto and S1 but not with strain 221. The immunological properties of these isolates, as determined by cross-protection tests, were similar to those of strain S1 and, to a lesser degree, strain Modesto, but not to strain 221. Our results indicated that the four field isolates belong to serovar C/2 and that the HI test is a suitable method for serotyping H. paragallinarum.
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PMID:Hemagglutinating activity and immunological properties of Haemophilus paragallinarum field isolates in Japan. 277 98

The passive hemagglutination (PHA) test was improved to enable the detection of antibodies to Taylorella (Haemophilus) equigenitalis in the sera of mares. Horse red blood cells (RBC) fixed with glutaraldehyde were compared with similarly treated RBC of a cow, pig and sheep for the PHA test. The horse RBC were superior to those of the other animals tested in detecting mares affected with contagious equine metritis (CEM). A PHA test using these cells as indicator and an antigen prepared from T. equigenitalis by sonication following treatment with hyaluronidase was the most satisfactory in terms of sensitivity and specificity. None of the 156 serum samples from clinically healthy mares without a history of contact with T. equigenitalis-infected stallions or mares showed PHA titers greater than 1:32 and only a few samples (7.1%) showed PHA titers of 1:32. Four of the 50 serum samples from mares affected with CEM showed PHA titers of 1:32, while most of the samples (92.0%) showed PHA titers greater than 1:32. The glutaraldehyde-fixed horse RBC sensitized with the antigen had the advantage of being reproducible for at least 7 months when preserved at 4 degrees C.
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PMID:Passive hemagglutination test for detection of antibodies against Taylorella (Haemophilus) equigenitalis in sera of mares. 314 57

Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) proteases may be important virulence factors of certain bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of meningitis, gonorrhea, destructive periodontal diseases, and some other infections affecting mucosal membranes. This study evaluated the antigen-binding activity of free Fab alpha fragments released from human myeloma IgA1 by IgA1 protease from Haemophilus influenzae. Six myeloma proteins with antibody activity against streptolysin O, alpha-staphylolysin, or streptococcal hyaluronidase were used. Complete cleavage of the IgA1 myeloma proteins in the hinge region of the heavy chain did not affect their antigen-binding capacity. The titers of neutralizing activity associated with free Fab alpha fragments were not significantly different from those of the intact IgA1 proteins. The retained antigen-binding capacity of cleaved IgA1 is an important factor in the understanding of how IgA1 proteases may interfere with the immune protection of mucosal membranes.
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PMID:Retained antigen-binding activity of Fab alpha fragments of human monoclonal immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) cleaved by IgA1 protease. 351 53

Hemagglutinating properties of Haemophilus paragallinarum serotype 2 and serotype C against freshly collected and glutaraldehyde (GA)- fixed chicken RBC were investigated. Different from serotype 1, the nontreated organisms of serotype 2 and serotype C lacked hemagglutinating activity. However, when the organisms were treated with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) and/or sonication, activity occurred not only against GA-fixed chicken RBC, but also against GA-fixed RBC of various animal species. The maximum hemagglutination titer (1:64 to 1:256) was obtained against GA-fixed RBC with the KSCN-treated organisms that were also sonicated. The activity was inactivated by heating at 100 C or by treatments with formalin or trypsin, but not by treatments with hyaluronidase or neuraminidase. By using KSCN-treated and sonicated organisms and GA-fixed chicken RBC, a detection of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody was possible. The HI tests showed that serotype 2 hemagglutinin was immunologically distinct from serotype 1 and that the HI antibody correlated to protective activity against challenge exposure with serotype 2 and serotype C. Chicks having HI antibody greater than 1:5 were protected against challenge exposure with homologous type, but were not protected with serotype 1. Applicability of the HI test was also shown for evaluating protective potency in the serotype 2 vaccine, as well as in the serotype 1 vaccine.
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PMID:Hemagglutinin of Haemophilus paragallinarum serotype 2 organisms: occurrence and immunologic properties of hemagglutinin. 680 71

According to the genetic relationships among Gram-negative bacilli the genus Pasteurella is included with the genus Haemophilus and the genus Acinobacillus within the family Pasteurellacae. Pasteurella multocida, the type species, is responsible for the majority of human Pasteurella infections. P. multocida is a member of the normal flora in the upper respiratory tract of many mammals or birds. It causes sporadic or epidemic diseases among different animal species, particularly pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis in swine in intensive breeding stations. The most common human infection with P. multocida is a local cellulitis following dog or cat bites and scratches. Serious local complications are sometimes responsible for prolonged disability. The respiratory tract is the second human source of P. multocida isolates. The frequency of recovery of P. multocida from oropharynx of apparently healthy pig breeders suggests that respiratory pasteurellosis could be an occupational disease. The mechanisms of virulence of P. multocida are unclear. Several factors are involved: capsules preventing phagocytosis, a dermonecrotic toxin causing experimental atrophic rhinitis, hyaluronidase, neuraminidase and proteases. Penicillin is considered to be the drug of choice for Pasteurella infection. Tetracyclin is efficient for bites but has no bactericidal effect. Oxacillin, first-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and aminoglycosides have poor activities. In the case of beta-lactamase producing strains a bactericidal effect could be achieved with fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins.
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PMID:[Pasteurelloses]. 777 Mar 88

In an in vivo cross-protection test with Haemophilus paragallinarum strains of serovars B and C, we isolated and characterized a mutant strain, S1M, which lacked a hemagglutinating (HA) antigen when compared biologically and immunologically with isogenic strain S1. Unlike the isogenic strain S1, the mutant strain S1M lacked HA activity against formaldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes, even after hyaluronidase treatment, and it did not stimulate hemagglutination-inhibition antibody in chickens immunized with bacterial cells. Dot-blot testing and immunoelectron microscopy with monoclonal antibodies against serovar C-specific HA antigens showed that strain S1M did not react with these monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, strain S1M was found to be both non-pathogenic and non-immunogenic. In contrast, the isogenic strain S1 reacted with these monoclonal antibodies and was pathogenic and immunogenic. These results suggest that the HA antigen of H. paragallinarum serovar C. strain plays an important role in pathogenicity and immunogenicity.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a Haemophilus paragallinarum mutant that lacks a hemagglutinating antigen. 814 56


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