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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative coccobacillus which is a possible etiological agent in juvenile periodontitis (JP). In this study, bacterial flora, especially the occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, in the periodontal pockets of one juvenile with gingivitis (G), one JP patients, five rapidly progressive periodontitis (RP) patients and one adult periodontitis(AP) patient, and one adult with healthy periodontium was investigated using a blood agar medium and a selective medium for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Eight hundred and sixty-five bacteria were isolated from the periodontal pockets, examined for their gram-stain, cell morphologies, relations to O2 and CO2 and catalase reaction, and divided into 21 groups on the basis of these characters. Among the isolates, 604 isolates were further characterized biochemically and identified. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found as 0.2% of the flora of a site in the JP patient, as 9% of the flora of a site in the G patient, and as 19% and 1%, respectively, of the flora of a site in the two RP patients. However, the organism was not detected in another lesion site of the JP patient. In our JP and RP patients, Fusobacterium, Wolinella, Streptococcus, and obligately anaerobic, gram-positive cocci were frequently found at high levels. The bacterial flora of the G and AP patients were more heterogeneous and included Bacteroides at relatively high proportions. These results indicate that A. actinomycetemcomitans is not always associated with JP but occurred in some patients with RP and G.
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PMID:Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease. 377 88

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and the genetically-related oral haemophili (Haemophilus segnis, Haemophilus aprhophilus and Haemophilus paraphrophilus) exhibit a range of sensitivities to the lethal effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), A. actinomycetemcomitans being the most resistant. To extend this information, susceptibility to a range of H2O2 concentrations (10(-6)-10(-3) M) was assessed by incubating bacterial suspensions for 1 h at 37 degrees C in the presence of H2O2 and spreading the suspensions on chocolate agar plates to determine the concentration of H2O2 producing a 50 per cent reduction in colony-forming units (LD50). Catalase activity was quantified with a Clark-type oxygen electrode, which polarographically monitored the formation of dissolved oxygen in bacterial suspensions or sonicates following addition of reagent H2O2. Sensitivity to H2O2 did not correlate with catalase activity, either in intact cells or in bacterial sonicates. Specifically, some bacterial strains with undetectable catalase activity were highly resistant to H2O2. Micromolar concentrations of sodium azide which completely inhibited cell-associated catalase activity did not affect the resistance of A. actinomycetemcomitans to H2O2. Thus, the endogenous catalase activity of A. actinomycetemcomitans and certain oral haemophili is not an important determinant of resistance to the bactericidal effects of H2O2.
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PMID:Influence of endogenous catalase activity on the sensitivity of the oral bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and the oral haemophili to the bactericidal properties of hydrogen peroxide. 386 73

A method for the clinical isolation and recognition of Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis) is presented. Wet mount and stained characteristics of genital tract discharges, cellular and colonial morphology of the bacilli, inhibition by H(2)O(2), lack of a catalase, and fermentation of particular carbohydrates are the determinant factors. The method enables differentiation of the species from unclassified diphtheroids common to the genitourinary tract.
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PMID:Method for isolation and identification of Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis). 490 49

The alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus mitis strain no. 17-1, isolated from the oral cavity of an healthy female adult, antagonized the growth of all 24 test strains of Serratia marcescens examined; furthermore, this strain inhibited the growth of various strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. However, strans of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa proved refractory. The mechanism of microbial antagonism was due to production and release of hydrogen peroxide under aerobic atmospheric conditions, which was neutralized through incorporation of bovine liver catalase into the solid assay medium.
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PMID:Hydrogen peroxide-mediated antagonism against serratia marcescens by Streptococcus mitis. 637 21

Even 70 years ago Gram-negative coccobacilli had been recognized in vaginal discharge and were cultured 30 years ago. The need to have blood in agar medium for cultivation suggested that the organisms might be a Haemophilus species. Later, however, growth characteristics and other features resulted in their being placed in the genus Corynebacterium, before it was realized that this was inappropriate and they were transferred to a new genus and species Gardnerella vaginalis. The organisms are Gram-variable, non-sporing, non-flagellate, non-motile coccobacilli of average size 0.4 X 1-1.5 microns. The cell wall is laminated and some strains possess pili. G. vaginalis is fermentative and dextrose, fructose, galactose, glucose, maltose, mannose, ribose and starch are most likely to be metabolized. However, published patterns of the sugars fermented vary widely and most workers do not rely on such tests as a means of identification. Of many other features exhibited by G. vaginalis, the following are outstanding: it does not produce catalase, cytochrome oxidase, hydrogen sulphide, indole, or urease. Nor does it degrade aesculin, liquefy gelatin, reduce nitrate, or decarboxylate arginine, lysine or ornithine. On the other hand, it is sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, often causes beta-haemolysis and usually hydrolyses hippurate and starch. G. vaginalis is serologically heterogeneous and causes haemagglutination which is mannose resistant. It is resistant to several antibiotics, including amphotericin, colistin, nalidixic acid and gentamicin, which may be incorporated in selective media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The bacteriology of Gardnerella vaginalis. 639 9

Morphology, biochemical reactions, pigmentation, antigens, and cell envelope proteins were examined in 12 strains of Haemophilus somnus, Haemophilus agni, Histophilus ovis, and Actinobacillus seminis. All of the strains except A. seminis are related and are considered as a single Haemophilus-Histophilus (HH) group. In immunodiffusion tests, HH group bacteria had at least two antigens common to all members of the group, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that they have similar cell envelope protein profiles. A quantitatively variable yellow pigment with absorption maxima of 430 to 435 nm was present in strains of H. somnus and H. agni. The HH group did not produce catalase and grew only in air containing 10% CO2. Of 10 HH group bacteria, 9 required thiamine monophosphate for growth. A. seminis was distinguished from the HH group by its lack of yellow pigment, production of catalase, growth in air, lack of a thiamine monophosphate requirement, and different cell envelope protein profile. In gel immunodiffusion tests, A. seminis antigens produced two lines of partial identity with the HH group when antiserum against H. somnus was used. Reference strains of Haemophilus influenzae, Actinobacillus lignieresii, and Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus were compared with the test strains. In immunodiffusion tests, a single antigen was found to be common to H. haemoglobinophilus, A. seminis, and the HH group. No similarities between any of the test strains and H. influenzae or A. lignieresii were noted. The close relationship of H. somnus, H. agni, and Histophilus ovis suggests that these unofficially named bacteria may belong to a single taxon.
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PMID:Morphological, biochemical, antigenic, and cytochemical relationships among Haemophilus somnus, Haemophilus agni, Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus, Histophilus ovis, and Actinobacillus seminis. 640 18

Four Capnocytophaga strains from blood cultures of immunocompromised patients with malignant disease and the type strains of three Capnocytophaga species were examined and compared to strains representing five other genera that are hard to differentiate from Capnocytophaga. With three rapid identification methods, negative catalase and oxidase reactions and positive ONPG assay, Capnocytophaga was easily separated from Eikenella corrodens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, and CDC group DF-2. Haemophilus aphrophilus was excluded by leucine, valine and cystine arylamidase and alpha-glucosidase reactions (API ZYM). Further confirmatory reactions constituted gelatin hydrolysis, haemin requirement, and carbohydrate and esculin breakdown. Although rapid identification of Capnocytophaga to the genus level was feasible, differentiation on a species level proved impossible.
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PMID:Rapid identification of Capnocytophaga isolated from septicemic patients. 646 67

A total of 60 isolates of Haemophilus spp. from chickens, including four reference strains of H. paragallinarum and one of H. avium, were examined for their physiological and biochemical properties. The isolates could be placed into two groups. One group was identified as H. paragallinarum and consisted of 43 isolates including the four reference strains of H. paragallinarum. The other group was identified as H. avium and consisted of 17 isolates including the reference strain of H. avium. H. avium can be differentiated from H. paragallinarum by its possession of the enzymes catalase and alpha-glucosidase, capacity to grow in air, production of acid from galactose, and by the fact that its growth is not improved by the addition of chicken serum. In addition, the majority of H. avium isolates, unlike H. paragallinarum, possess a yellow pigment and produce acid from trehalose.
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PMID:Further characterization of Haemophilus paragallinarum and Haemophilus avium. 675 14

Different tests for the identification of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis and for its differentiation from catalase-negative unclassified coryneforms from the vagina were evaluated on over 200 bacterial strains, with special emphasis on optimal test conditions. A presumptive identification of G. vaginalis in the clinical laboratory can be made on the basis of colonial morphology, clear beta-hemolysis with diffuse edges on human blood bilayer-Tween agar, a negative catalase test, and typical cell morphology in the Gram stain. This procedure will correctly identify 90 to 98% of suspect colonies of G. vaginalis with human blood bilayer-Tween agar as primary isolation medium. Useful additional reactions for the confirmation of G. vaginalis include positive hippurate and starch hydrolysis, positive alpha-glucosidase but negative beta-glucosidase tests, the production of acid from glucose and maltose but not from mannitol, and susceptibility to disks containing metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, and bile.
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PMID:Identification of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis. 682 Dec 5

Fifty-five strains received as Haemophilus vaginalis or as catalase-negative coryneform bacteria from the vagina together with 61 marker cultures were subjected to numerical phenetic analyses using 149 unit characters. The data were examined using the simple matching (SSM), Jaccard (SJ) and pattern (DP) coefficients and clustering was achieved using the average linkage algorithm. Cluster composition was not markedly affected by the coefficient used or by test error, estimated at 6 . 5%. The H. vaginalis strains formed a tight cluster which was only distantly related to representatives of the genera arthrobacter, Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium sensu stricto, Erysipelothrix, Haemophilus, Kurthia, Lactobacillus, Listeria and Propionibacterium but shared a high overall affinity to unclassified catalase-negative coryneforms which formed a discrete taxon, cluster 9. The H. vaginalis strains could be distinguished from the related strains in cluster 9 by several unrelated phenotypic characters. Using the S1 endonuclease assay, DNA-DNA hybridizations were performed with representative strains from the numerical as well as with reference strains of Bifidobacterium and Actinomyces. Haemophilus vaginalis was found to be a genotypically legitimate group and its DNA showed little homology with DNA from the marker strains tested. The DNA base composition of H. vaginalis was 42 to 44 mol % guanine plus cytosine. A new genus should be created to incorporate strains known as H. vaginalis or Corynebacterium vaginale. The name Gardnerella vaginalis proposed by Greenwood & Pickett (1979) is supported.
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PMID:A taxonomic study of Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis) Gardner and Dukes 1955. 697 16


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