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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of thrombosed and infarcted left atrial appendage is presented. These findings occurred in a 28-day-old infant who died of pneumonia due to Hemophilus influenzae. Congenital abnormalities of the atrial appendages including hypoplasia, right and left isomerism and juxtapositions, and aneurysmal dilatations with and without pericardial defects are relatively uncommon. Acquired defects are also uncommon, and are often iatrogenic in nature. This report describes the case of a thrombosed and infarcted left atrial appendage in a 28-day-old infant.
Am J Cardiovasc Pathol 1988
PMID:Thrombosis and infarction of the left atrial appendage in an infant: a case report. 320 93

Open surgical procedures for pleural empyema remain controversial in children. The pediatric literature generally recommends a prolonged trial of antibiotics and closed tube thoracostomy drainage. We report a favorable experience with a selective approach to open drainage in 22 children, many of whom had an empyema already organizing at admission. Open drainage was considered in children whose conditions failed to improve after 3 to 5 days of therapy with antibiotics and closed drainage. The method of drainage was selected according to the pathologic phase of the empyema: five children with fibrinopurulent empyema were successfully managed by limited decortication, and 17 with organizing empyema received decortication. Clinical improvement was usually dramatic; most of the children became afebrile by postoperative day 3 and were discharged by postoperative day 10. There were no deaths. Three children (14%) had complications of postoperative air leak or infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae (5) and Hemophilus influenzae (3) were the most common single pathogens. The presence of anaerobic bacteria in 8 of 22 children (36%) was associated with rapid organization of the empyema and the need for decortication. Decortication procedures have a low risk and are effective in children with empyema. They should be considered as definitive therapy, rather than as a last resort.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988 Jul
PMID:The controversial role of decortication in the management of pediatric empyema. 326 Mar 13

Since 1971 we have seen 15 children with the diagnosis of purulent pericarditis. The causative organism was Hemophilus influenzae in seven, Staphylococcus aureus in three, and five were due to other organisms. In one child the diagnosis was unsuspected until autopsy. The other 14 patients were all treated with intravenous antibiotics to which the organism was sensitive. One child had an immediate pericardiectomy because of tamponade. The other 13 patients had pericardiocentesis for diagnosis and initial therapy. Pericardiocentesis alone resulted in recovery of four patients and failed in nine, including all seven patients with H. influenzae. These nine had recurrent tamponade or a persistent picture of sepsis that was unresponsive to repeated pericardiocenteses and necessitated operative intervention. The procedure used was subxiphoid tube drainage in two patients. One recovered and the other required further operation. The remaining seven patients were treated with pericardiectomy. All pericardiectomy patients recovered without complications or recurrent symptoms. Survivors are asymptomatic with no evidence of pericardial constriction. We recommend immediate pericardiocentesis for diagnosis and initial therapy. Early pericardiectomy should be performed if the causative organism is H. influenzae, if tamponade occurs after initial pericardiocentesis, or if fever persists despite appropriate antibiotics.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983 Apr
PMID:Surgical treatment of purulent pericarditis in children. 660 Dec 11

Purulent pericarditis is an unusual complication of infection in infancy and has been associated with an extremely high mortality rate. Early diagnosis followed by combined antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage of the pericardium has markedly improved survival. Between APril, 1975, and February, 1979, nine patients with purulent pericarditis secondary to Hemophilus influenzae type B were treated at the Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital. In every case signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure were present, and a pericardial effusion was demonstrated by echocardiography and confirmed by pericardiocentesis. The organism was identified with countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and antibiotic sensitivity determined by rapid beta lactamase assay. All patients were treated with a combination of parenteral antibiotics and open surgical drainage of the pericardium. There were no deaths and all patients demonstrated marked improvement following operation. Follow-up echocardiography revealed no evidence of pericardial effusion or signs of constriction in any patient.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980 Jun
PMID:Hemophilus influenzae purulent pericarditis in children: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. 696 52

Empyemas develop following bacterial pneumonias, thoracic trauma and surgery which are still among the common diseases, causing illness and death throughout the developing world. With the advent of potent antibiotics the mortality of empyema has been drastically reduced. In this study 52 patients (29 boys and 23 girls) with thoracic empyema were evaluated retrospectively. In this series the causes of empyema were postpneumonic in 50 patients, esophageal anastomotic leak in one patient, and thoracic trauma in one patient. The diagnosis was suspected clinically and by the finding of a pleural effusion on chest roentgenogram. Definitive diagnosis was confirmed by pleural aspiration which pus was obtained. Responsible organisms included; Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, pseudomonas, and Klebsiella. The most common is Staphylococcus aureus. The patients were treated in various ways; 14 patients were treated with antibiotics and thoracentesis, 38 patients were treated with a closed tube thoracostomy. Eight of 38 patients had the chest tube converted to an open empyema tubes for long term management. Fourteen of 38 patients developed abcess formation. Nine of 14 patients were treated with computed tomography guided catheter placement, five patients encountered thoracotomy and decortication. In this article, appropriate treatment and result of long-term follow-up of empyema were evaluated.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1998 Feb
PMID:Empyema in children. 953 46

Bacterial pericarditis occurs by direct infection during trauma, thoracic surgery, or catheter drainage, by spread from an intrathoracic, myocardial, or subdiaphragmatic focus, and by hematogenous dissemination. The frequent causes are Staphylococcus and Streptococcus (rheumatic pancarditis), Haemophilus, and M. tuberculosis. In AIDS pericarditis, the incidence of bacterial infection is much higher than in the general population, with a high proportion of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. Purulent pericarditis is the most serious manifestation of bacterial pericarditis, characterized by gross pus in the pericardium or microscopically purulent effusion. It is an acute, fulminant illness with fever in virtually all patients. Chest pain is uncommon. Purulent pericarditis is always fatal if untreated. The mortality rate in treated patients is 40%, and death is mostly due to cardiac tamponade, systemic toxicity, cardiac decompensation, and constriction. Tuberculous infection may present as acute pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, silent (often large) relapsing pericardial effusion, effusive-constrictive pericarditis, toxic symptoms with persistent fever, and acute, subacute, or chronic constriction. The mortality in untreated patients approaches 85%. Urgent pericardial drainage, combined with intravenous antibacterial therapy (e.g. vancomycin 1g twice daily, ceftriaxone 1-2g twice daily, and ciprofloxacin 400 mg/day) is mandatory in purulent pericarditis. Irrigation with urokinase or streptokinase, using large catheters, may liquify the purulent exudate, but open surgical drainage is preferable. The initial treatment of tuberculous pericarditis should include isoniazid 300 mg/day, rifampin 600 mg/day, pyrazinamide 15-30 mg/kg/day, and ethambutol 15-25 mg/kg/day. Prednisone 1-2 mg/kg/day is given for 5-7 days and progressively reduced to discontinuation in 6-8 weeks. Drug sensitivity testing is essential. Pericardiectomy is reserved for recurrent effusions or continued elevation of central venous pressure after 4-6 weeks of antituberculous and corticosteroid therapy.
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2005
PMID:Bacterial pericarditis: diagnosis and management. 1572 41

Infection of the aorta usually results from septic embolization to the vasa vasorum, hematogenous seeding of an existing aneurysm, or extension from a contiguous site of infection. The diagnosis should be considered in patients, often men over the age of 50 years with atherosclerosis, who present with fever, abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass, and leukocytosis, with or without positive blood cultures. In the pre-antibiotic area, infectious aortitis was largely a complication of infective endocarditis, and was usually caused by group A streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae. Now a diverse array of bacteria and fungi has been associated, most commonly Salmonella species, which comprise nearly one third of the abdominal aortic infections and Staphylococcus aureus. Computed tomography is the most useful imaging modality. Medical treatment alone carries a high mortality, whereas the mortality with surgery combined with antimicrobial treatment is lower. Empiric antibiotics effective against S. aureus and gram-negative rods, such as Salmonella, should be initiated in cases identified before microbiologic diagnosis. Surgical debridement and revascularization should be completed early because delay may lead to aneurysm rupture, which increases mortality. The intent of surgery is to 1) control hemorrhage, if the aneurysm has ruptured; 2) confirm the diagnosis; 3) control sepsis; and 4) reconstruct the arterial vasculature. The patient should remain on parenteral or oral antibiotics for at least 6 weeks, perhaps longer, to assure full eradication of the pathogen and prevent recurrent infection. Close medical follow-up is indicated and includes serial blood cultures and computed tomography scans.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2005 Jun
PMID:Infectious Aortitis. 1593 17

We report 2 cases of Kingella kingae endocarditis leading to valvular mitral perforation in previously healthy children. Kingella kingae belongs to the HACEK (Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actiobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens and K. kingae) group of organisms known to cause endocarditis.
Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018 05 01
PMID:Particular surgical aspects of endocarditis due to Kingella kingae with cerebral complication. 2930 53