Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the antibacterial potency of cefotiam (CTM) clinical and laboratory studies were carried out and the results were as follows. Clinical evaluation and adverse reaction CTM was given to total of 23 patients, 10 with bronchopneumonia, 10 with bronchitis and one each with cystitis, enteritis and suspected sepsis. Overall efficacy rate was 78.3% (18/23) (excellent 9, good 9, fair 3, poor 2). Only 1 case showed a side effect of slightly elevated GOT and GPT. Antibacterial activities MIC of CTM against isolates from sputum was investigated on those patients mentioned above and was compared with MIC of CEZ and CMZ. CTM showed superior antibacterial activity against almost all strains. Especially on Haemophilus and Klebsiella antibacterial activity of CTM was impressive. Organisms in sputum Four out of 8 causative bacteria disappeared and 1 out of 8 decreased after administration of CTM. Thus CTM is considered to be the useful drug for the treatment of respiratory infection.
 ...
PMID:[Antibacterial potency of cefotiam based on the clinical effect, MIC and decrement of organisms in the sputum]. 631 12

Two hundred seventy-six bacterial strains were isolated as possible causative pathogens mainly from sputum in 248 patients with lower respiratory tract infections at 12 medical institutions in various parts of Japan during the period from September 1982 to March 1983. Of these, 272 isolates including 28 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 38 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, 107 Haemophilus influenzae strains, 68 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, 17 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, 9 Escherichia coli strains and 5 strains of other species were tested in vitro for MICs of various antibiotics, and their drug sensitivity distributions determined. Data were also analyzed for distribution of cases by clinical entities, age and sex, interrelations between the types of infections and the species and frequency of isolation of organisms, and relations of the antimicrobial regimens at collection of clinical specimens to the species and frequency of isolation of the organisms. It engenders great interest that there was a significant increase in frequency of S. aureus isolation within 7 days after antibiotic therapy, compared to pretreatment isolation frequency, in the 1982 series. This seems to deserve further investigation in detail. The H. influenzae strains isolated with the highest frequency in 1981 and those in 1982 were examined as to susceptibility to several representative antibiotics, with interdrug comparisons: ABPC vs. SBPC, CTM vs. CMZ, and CMX vs. LMOX. The isolates demonstrated high degrees of susceptibility to these drugs and there was no conspicuous change in bacterial sensitivity to the drugs.
 ...
PMID:[Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections to antibiotics (1982)]. 633 25

Cefamandole sodium (CMD), a new cephalosporin-derivative, was synthesized in the Laboratory of Eli-Lilly Co. Ltd. U.S.A. in 1972. CMD, which is several times more active than cefmetazole (CMZ, a cephamycin antibiotic) against Gram-positive cocci, is only as active as the latter antibiotic against Gram-negative bacilli. Against Haemophilus influenzae, CMD exhibits an antimicrobial activity which is as strong as that of ampicillin sodium. Our previous comparative tests on efficacy and safety of CMD versus cefazolin (CEZ) demonstrated that CMD was as effective and safe as CEZ in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. In the present clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of CMD are evaluated by a comparative double blind method using CMZ, a more recently synthesized cephamycin antibiotic, as a reference drug. For this purpose, a comparative double blind study was carried out in 50 institutions and clinics in Tohoku and Hokkaido districts in Japan. A total of 272 inpatients, who was aged over 16 years and was diagnosed as having pneumonia, lung abscess or acute infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, was included in this trial. They received 2 g of CMD or CMZ twice a day by intravenous drip infusions, as a rule, for 14 days. Of these patients, 264 (133 received CMD and 131 CMZ) were available for the evaluation of safety and usefulness. Two hundred and thirty-eight patients (122 received CMD and 116 CMZ) were adopted for the evaluation of efficacy. Prior to the treatment, there was no significant difference with respect to age, sex, severity of infection and underlying diseases between subjects in 2 treatment groups. An excellent or good clinical response was obtained in 82% of the patients treated with CMD, and in 81% of those treated with CMZ. Thus, there was no significant difference in cure rate between 2 treatment groups. However, an excellent clinical response was found in 12.3% of the patients treated with CMD, whereas only in 4.3% of those treated with CMZ. This difference in percentage of excellent clinical response between 2 treatment groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Of the 87 patients with moderate to severe infection who were treated with CMD, 13 showed an excellent response. Only 4 of 90 patients treated with CMZ showed an excellent response. Statistically the difference in the rate of excellent response between these 2 groups was significant (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Double-blind comparative clinical evaluation of cefamandole and cefmetazole in the treatment of respiratory tract infections]. 637 Dec 91

Nasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngolaryngitis typify upper respiratory tract infections, while bronchitis and pneumonia typify lower respiratory tract infections. Cases of paranasal sinusitis with severe suppuration are reportedly becoming less frequent, while those of chronic catarrhal paranasal sinusitis and edematous allergic paranasal sinusitis are becoming more so, The primary factor in paranasal sinusitis, a typical infectious disease encountered in otolaryngology, is bacterial infection. The main causative bacteria are Streptococcus pneumoniae, reported in 13.4% of cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 12.8% Moraxella catarrhalis in 5.5%, Staphylococcus aureus in 26.5%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.2%, and anaerobes. The incidence of strains resistant to antimicrobial agents has grown for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis and decreased for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Acute exacerbation or severe suppuration in chronic paranasal sinusitis requires the administration of antimicrobial agents, with the same agent administered 2 weeks for maximal effect. First-line agents are AMPC/CVA, SBTPC, CDTR-PI, CFPN-PI, and GFLX for adults, with ASPC, SBPC, ACPC, CTRX, CMZ, FMOX, PAPM/BP, and MEPM injected in severe cases. Attention must be paid to strains that resist cephems and macrolides, such as PISP, PRSP, and BLNAR. In refractory chronic paranasal sinusitis, attention must also be paid to biofilms produced by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Suitable antimicrobial agents should be determined for treating of chronic paranasal sinusitis, in addition to the best procedure to ensure early recovery from inflammation, such as puncturing or irrigating the maxillary sinus, injecting a suitable agent, nebulization, and/or surgically widening the middle meatus.
 ...
PMID:[Bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies--in paranasal sinusitis]. 1651 20