Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antibacterial activity of cefaclor against 100 non-beta-lactamase producing and 11 beta-lactamase producing isolates of Haemophilus influenzae was compared with that of cephalexin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole. A new standardized microtiter dilution technique was used. Cefaclor showed greater activity than did cephalexin and inhibited beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae isolates. Ampicillin was the most active compound against non-beta-lactamase producing isolates. One of our strains was resistant to chloramphenicol and one resistant to tetracycline.
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PMID:[In vitro activity of cefaclor against Haemophilus influenzae in comparison to various oral chemotherapeutic agents (author's transl)]. 31 12

A newborn infant with hyaline membrane disease and aspiration pneumonia developed purulent meningitis on day 19, three days after discontinuation of ampicillin sodium and gentamicin sulfate therapy. Therapy with gentamicin, both systemically and intrathecally, for two weeks was ineffective. During this time each of four specimens of cerebrospinal fluid contained two serotypes of Escherichia coli, namely, O83:H4 and O75:H5. The antibiograms of the two strains were identical, both being susceptible to gentamicin and ampicillin. Treatment with ampicillin resulted in prompt disappearance of the infecting microorganisms and recovery from the infection. One of the strains (O75:H5) produced an antigen cross-reacting with the capsular antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type B; the other did not. The patient developed O antibodies in substantial titers against E coli O83 but not against E coli O75.
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PMID:Meningitis due to two serotypes of Escherichia coli. An infant who recovered. 31 55

Sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae to 5 antibiotics has been determined by the agar dilution method. Two strains out of 165 are resistant to ampicillin and 5% to tetracycline. All strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and cefuroxime. A simple test for rapid detection of beta-lactamase with a chromogenic cephalosporin and sensitivity testing by an agar diffusion method were evaluated for Haemophilus.
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PMID:[Sensitivity of "Haemophilus influenzae" to 5 antibiotics and rapid detection of its resistance to ampicilin (author's transl)]. 32 45

From June 1973 to July 1976, 742 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and parainfluenzae, isolated from clinical specimens, were routinely tested for in vitro sensitivity to twelve antibiotics: penicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclin, minocyclin, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazol, trimethoprim. 61 strains were found resistant to one or more of these antibiotics (ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol and tetracyclin). The MICs of 23 antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method on most of the resistant strains and on 60 sensitive strains isolated during the same period and considered as control. 21 strains transferred their resistance determinants into E. coli K12; 23 plasmids were obtained isolated from these strains: 2 strains contained two different plasmids. 90% of the transconjugants were stable after repeated subcultures.
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PMID:[Drug sensitivity of Haemophilus sp. and transfer of resistance into E. coli (author's transl)]. 32 13

A 1-year-old boy with recurrent otitis media had been repeatedly treated with antibiotics. A few days after withdrawal of administered ampicillin he again contracted otitis media and ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae was isolated. The strain was serologically untypable. No ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae was found in his family or at the day-care centre that he attended. The ability to produce the beta-lactamase elaborated from this strain could be transferred to ampicillin-sensitive strains of H. influenzae and Escherichia coli in frequencies of 0.7 X 10(-7) and 4.1 X 10(-4) respectively. The transcipients obtained were ampicillin-resistant and beta-lactamase producing. In the transcipients of E. coli, however, the marker for ampicillin resistance was quite unstable.
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PMID:Occurrence and transfer of ampicillin resistance associated with ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae isolated from a case at a day-care centre. 34 Dec 94

131 patients suffering from meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae or parainfluenzae were re-examined after 1-15 years, using hospital records, questionnaires, and audiological examination, especially to compare chloramphenicol and ampicillin therapy. Mortality was 3.8%. Subdural effusions occurred in 14.5% of cases uni- or bilaterally. There was deafness in 2.3%, and moderate hearing loss in 8.4%. Convulsions appeared later in 6.9%. The final outcome was good in 60%. The most important factors in prognosis seemed to be the severity of the symptoms and the condition of the patient on admission to hospital. No clear difference was seen between the results of chloramphenicol and ampicillin therapy, but total loss of vestibular function was found in 3 cases in the ampicillin group, and in none in the chloramphenicol group. In mortality and deafness, the differences in outcome were similar, although not statistically significant. As these observations show, the therapy used in Haemophilus influenzae meningitis needs re-evaluation.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. A comparison between chloramphenicol and ampicillin therapy with special reference to impaired hearing. 34 83

The authors developed a rapid slide test modification of the iodometric method for detection of penicillinase produced by organisms growing on routine plating media. A loopful of colonies is scraped from the agar surface and emulsified in one drop of an iodine-penicillin solution on a glass slide. Addition of a drop of 0.4% starch solution results in a purple color when penicillinase is not present; a colorless reaction denotes a positive test. The slide test yielded positive results identical to those of a starch agar-plate method with 26 Staphylococcus aureus isolates; a further seven showed comparable negative tests. Penicillinase production was associated with a S. aureus penicillin MIC of greater than or equal to 0.5 micron/ml. All 15 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates gave negative test results, as did 22 Bacteroides fragilis (MIC greater than or equal to 3.1). Twenty ampicillin-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae were negative by both the slide test and a Levinthal broth method; an additional five resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 10) isolates were positive by both methods. Twenty-eight (penicillin MIC greater than or equal to 0.8) of 50 Bacteroides melaninogenicus were slide test-positive for penicillinase. Two penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae gave positive slide tests, while eight other non-penicillinase-producers were negative.
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PMID:A rapid slide test for penicillinase. 34 99

The tetracycline-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strains LU121 and FR16017, recently isolated in West Germany, each harbour a plasmid; that of the former (pLU12U) has a mol. wt of 31.5 X 10(6) and that of the latter (pFR16017) has a mol. wt of 33 X 10(6). Conjugation and DNA-DNA hybridization studies have shown that both plasmids are self-transmissible and carry tetracycline-resistance genes. The purified plasmid DNA of H. influenzae strain LU121 transformed a sensitive Escherichia coli strain to tetracycline resistance. The two R factors are closely related to the H. influenzae plasmid specifying ampicillin resistance (pKRE5367). Electron microscope DNA heteroduplex analysis indicated that pLU121 and pFR15017 probably carry the tetracycline-resistance transposon TnD and that pKRE5367 probably carries the ampicillin-resistance transposon TnA. There is more than one integration site for the insertion which probably represents TnD in pFR15017. All three plasmids have a similar plasmid core and could have a common evolutionary origin.
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PMID:Molecular properties of transmissible R factors of Haemophilus influenzae determing tetracycline resistance. 34 29

Four episodes of serious Hemophilus influenzae type b infection occurred in three children attending a day-care center. This was 100 times the expected annual total. The pharyngeal carriage rate of Hib was 60% for siblings of patients, 20% for adult household contacts, and 5% for well children at the center. No carriers were found in control populations. Escherichia coli K100, which cross-reacts serologically with Hib, was found in rectal swabs of 20% of family contacts of patients and 3.5% of well children at the center. It was recovered from two of seven persons who carried Hib in the pharynx and two of 75 who did not (P = 0.035), suggesting that carriage of one organism may facilitate carriage of the other. In a randomized prospective trial with 85 patient contact, Hib carriage was eradicated in all of four carriers given ampicillin and in all of three given rifampin. There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of adverse reactions in the two treatment groups. No further cases were reported.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenzae type b disease in a day-care center. Report of an outbreak. 34 42

Cefamandole, a new cephalosporin derivative, was found to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against a cross-section of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated clinically. Gram-positive cocci, except for Streptococcus faecalis, were extremely susceptible to cefamandole; penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus also was highly susceptible. Minimal bactericidal concentrations for gram-positive cocci approximated the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Strains of Haemophilus influenzae were very susceptible to the drug. Most strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Proteus species were inhibited by low concentrations of cefamandole, Salmonella typhi, including ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains, was inhibited by low concentrations of cefamandole. Susceptible bacteria became increasingly resistant as the inoculum size was increased. Strains of Pseudomonas were resistant to cefamandole.
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PMID:Antibacterial activity of cefamandole in vitro. 34 95


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