Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven methods of serotyping of Haemophilus influenzae were evaluated. Comparing slide agglutination, staphylococcal coagglutination, latex agglutination, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, immunofluorescence, capsular swelling, and cultivation on antiserum agar the commercial coagglutination test was most reliable, most rapid, and easiest to perform. To identify all six serotypes this coagglutination test had to be combined with slide agglutination. With most methods best results were achieved by using cultures incubated at 37 degrees C for 6 h. As nonencapsulated strains often agglutinated unspecifically, selection of probably typeable strains was useful. Differentiation with help of colonial morphology and opalescent growth was facilitated by cultivation on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Chocolate Agar and testing of growth factor requirements on translucent BHI Agar with strips containing the growth factors V, X, and VX, respectively. In broth turbid growth was a hint for encapsulation. Nigrosin staining, a negative capsule staining, proved to be useful if specific antisera are not available. From 252 clinical isolates of H. influenzae 216 were not typeable. 36 strains could be serotyped. 27 (75%) belonged to serotype b, 6 (16.6%) were serotype e, 3 (8.3%) were serotype f. Serotype e and f were most difficult to identify. Spectrum of patients and diseases were corresponding to the findings of other authors. Less well-known infections like cellulitis (erysipelas of the cheeks) and arthritis were observed, too. Rapid identification of at least H. influenzae type b could render treatment in some cases more effective by early application of a suitable antibiotic.
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PMID:A comparison between methods of identification and serotyping of encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae. 306 78

Fifty-five strains of Haemophilus influenzae recovered at a children's hospital in Korea from 1992 through 1997, were analyzed for serotype and antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by broth dilution method. Among the 55 strains, 26 were from normally sterile body fluids, of which 17 were from the immunocompetent children. Spectrum in the immunocompetent included meningitis (47%), bacteremic pneumonia (18%), and bacteremia without focus (35%). Three (12%) of 26 invasive infections were caused by non-type b: one type d and two type f. Nine of 29 non-sterile body fluid isolates belonged to one of encapsulted serotypes: four a, two c, one of each of b, d and e. Thirty two (58%) strains were resistant to ampicillin, and all of which produced beta-lactamase. All of the strains were highly susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefixime, cefuroxime, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin, while 1 (2%), 7 (13%), 4 (7%) and 4 (7%) strains were intermediate to cefprozil, cefaclor, loracarbef, and clarithromycin, respectively. The serotype distribution of H. influenzae in Korean children is similar to those in developed countries before the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccine, and ampicillin resistance rate is among the highest published to date.
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PMID:Serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility in clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae from Korean children in prevaccination era. 1119 85

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is widely prescribed as prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. Its efficacy against other infections has not been thoroughly evaluated. To compare the risk for infectious diseases for persons who were prescribed TMP-SMZ with that for patients who were not prescribed TMP-SMZ, we examined data collected from the medical records of HIV-infected patients (January 1990 through September 1999) who were enrolled in the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project. During intervals when patients had CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts of <200 cells/microL (19,081 persons; 22,801 person-years), prescription of TMP-SMZ was associated with significant protection from toxoplasmosis, salmonellosis, infection with Haemophilus species, invasive or any staphylococcal infection, and PCP, but not from Shigella, pneumococcal or nonpneumococcal Streptococcus, Klebsiella, or Pseudomonas species. We demonstrate that prescription of TMP-SMZ for PCP prophylaxis in persons with HIV infection is associated with significantly decreased risk for several infectious diseases. These findings may be of interest to HIV prevention programs in resource-poor countries.
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PMID:Prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: impact on risk for infectious diseases. 1143 10