Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bactericidal activity and the postantibiotic effect (PAE) of cefdinir (Cl 983, FK 482) (CDR), were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis and Escherichia coli (5 strains each) in comparison to erythromycin (E), cotrimoxazole (SXT) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC). Kinetic studies of kill showed that CDR was rapidly bactericidal at concentrations 2 and 4 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): a reduction of 99.9% in CFU values was observed after 6-8 h for many of the isolates tested. As expected, a PAE was observed when S. aureus was treated with CDR at MIC (range of individual values for 5 strains 0.8-1.5 h) and 4 x MIC (range 1.1-1.4 h). Moreover, CDR showed a significant PAE at both its MIC and 4 x MIC against S. pneumoniae (range 0.5-1.0 h and 0.9-1.1 h), H. influenzae (range 0.4-0.7 h and 0.4-0.8 h), B. catarrhalis (range 0.5-0.7 h and 0.65-0.95 h) and E. coli (range 0.5-0.6 h and 0.5-0.7 h). The good bactericidal activity and the significant PAE of CDR against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (including respiratory pathogens) are a promising indication for the clinical efficacy of this cephalosporin in several bacterial infections.
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PMID:Bactericidal activity and postantibiotic effect of cefdinir (Cl 983, FK 482) against selected pathogens. 129 14

We previously demonstrated that the human anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (Hib-PS) VL repertoire is dominated by a product of the V kappa II gene, A2, and that V kappa II-A2 anti-Hib-PS antibodies have little or no somatic mutation in VL. To further study this VL repertoire, we studied non-A2 anti-Hib-PS antibodies that were identified either serologically or by amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Of 15 non-A2 anti-Hib-PS antibodies from 12 vaccinated adults, we found four V lambda, five V kappa I, one non-A2 V kappa II, four V kappa III, and one V kappa IV antibodies. As expected, all but two of these subjects also produced V kappa II-A2 antibodies. Interestingly, one of these subjects lacks the A2 gene in the germ line. However, both subjects who did not produce detectable V kappa II antibody did produce normal amounts of total anti-Hib-PS antibody after vaccination. Candidate V kappa genes for the non-A2 antibodies were identified by comparison of up to 60 VL amino acid residues, including CDR1 and CDR2, with all sequenced V kappa genes. V kappa I antibodies appear to be products of three newly sequenced V kappa I genes, O8, O18, and L11, that are reported here. The O8 and O18 genes encode identical amino acid sequences. The non-A2 V kappa II antibody is a likely product of the A1 or A17 genes, the V kappa III antibodies are likely products of the A27 gene, and the V kappa IV antibody is a product of the single V kappa IV gene, B3. Unlike V kappa II-A2 antibodies, the V kappa I, V kappa III, and V kappa IV antibodies differed by one to five CDR residues from the germ line product of the candidate genes, suggesting the presence of somatic mutations. Thus, anti-Hib-PS antibodies can be divided into two types, the most frequently observed A2 antibodies with little or no somatic mutation and non-A2 antibodies that likely contain somatic mutations.
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PMID:Clonal characterization of the human IgG antibody repertoire to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. IV. The less frequently expressed VL are heterogeneous. 194 Mar 82

This study compares the efficiency of a special regional survey with routine laboratory reporting to measure the incidence of invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae before routine immunisation against type b strains was introduced. Incomplete reporting does not prevent the monitoring of trends, but it becomes important if the level of underreporting changes with time. This study illustrates the importance of assessing the quality of surveillance data before using them to inform policy or evaluate intervention. Underreporting to the regional survey was found to be 17% and underreporting to the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC) was 24%. In response to this study a system has been set up to send reference laboratories a weekly list of reports to CDSC. Manual cross checking helps to complete the ascertainment of cases. All isolates of H. influenzae from cases of invasive disease should be sent to the reference laboratories for serotyping as well as being reported to CDSC.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 1994 Feb 04
PMID:Haemophilus influenzae: the efficiency of reporting invasive disease in England and Wales. 751 58

People without spleens have an increased risk of pneumococcal and other infections. Immunisation is advised for this group of patients, but the role of prophylactic antibiotics remains unresolved. Since 1992, general practitioners in South Buckinghamshire have been encouraged to immunise all asplenic patients against infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). In addition, an 'alert' card, similar in principle to a medical warning bracelet, has been produced for general practitioners to issue to asplenic patients. General practitioners' clinical records of 293 asplenic patients were subsequently examined to evaluate this programme and assess the use of prophylactic antibiotics. Uptakes of 91%, 80%, and 79% were achieved for vaccines against pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Hib infections, respectively. Twenty-three per cent of patients had been advised immediately after splenectomy to take prophylactic antibiotics. Prophylaxis was advised for different periods of time, particularly in children. Thirty-four different antibiotic regimens had been recommended for adults. Clinical records suggested that 9% of patients were taking antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of the analysis. 'Alert' cards had been distributed to 88% of patients who were eligible. It is likely that most districts within the United Kingdom could set up similar immunisation and 'alert' card programmes. The wide variation in recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis highlights the need for further research and the development of national guidelines.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 1995 Nov 10
PMID:Management of asplenic patients in South Buckinghamshire: an audit of local practice. 854 37

In order to study selected factors affecting the uptake of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine a case control study was undertaken in residents of the Southern Health and Social Services Board in Northern Ireland. Standard data from the child health computer system were used. Residents in the catchment area of the health board born between 1 January and 30 June 1993 were defined as cases (unvaccinated) and controls (vaccinated). The uptake of Hib vaccination and odds ratios for factors associated with non-completion of vaccination were calculated. Overall uptake of Hib vaccination exceeded 97%. Children of mothers who smoked or children who had two or more younger siblings were less likely to have been vaccinated.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 1996 Mar 01
PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination and uptake predictors in Northern Ireland. 882 Jan 95

Abs using the kappaII-A2 V gene segment predominate the human Ab repertoire to the Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) polysaccharide (PS). All A2 anti-Hib PS Abs sequenced to date possess a 10-amino acid L chain complementarity-determining region-3 (CDR-3) having an insertional arginine (Arg) at position 95a, the V-J junction. These findings suggest an essential requirement for this conserved Arg residue in determining Hib PS-binding affinity. We examined this requirement by performing chain recombination experiments in which a series of A2 L chains, differing at position 95a, were combined individually with an Fd region known to generate a Hib PS-combining site when paired with an A2-Arg(95a)-Jkappa1 V region. Hib PS binding of the recombinant Fabs was evaluated quantitatively using a radioantigen-binding assay. Fabs having A2 L chains with either Arg or lysine in position 95a in combination with Jkappa1 gave equivalent and strongest binding to Hib PS. Fabs having A2-Jkappa1 L chains with either tyrosine, glycine, alanine, leucine, serine, or threonine in position 95a, or having an A2-Arg(95a)-Jkappa3 L chain, gave intermediate binding. Fabs having A2-Jkappa1 L chains with glutamate or aspartate at 95a or with no junctional residue showed little or no Hib PS binding. These results demonstrate the importance of L chain junctional residue, as well as Jkappa usage and CDR-3 length, in determining Hib PS-binding affinity. Contrary to expectation, an Arg junctional residue is not essential for generating either high or intermediate affinity-binding sites.
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PMID:Role of kappa II-A2 light chain CDR-3 junctional residues in human antibody binding to the Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. 975 4