Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a multicenter study the efficacy and safety of oral fleroxacin at 400 mg once a day and amoxicillin at 500 mg three times daily for 7 days were compared for the treatment of patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis due to drug-susceptible bacteria. A total of 194 patients were enrolled, 102 in the fleroxacin group and 92 in the amoxicillin group. Of those enrolled, 22 in the fleroxacin group and 30 (29 for clinical efficacy) in the amoxicillin group were included in the efficacy analysis. All were included in the safety analysis. Clinical success was noted in 21 (95%) of 22 fleroxacin-treated patients and 22 (76%) of 29 amoxicillin-treated patients. Bacteriologic cure was obtained in 21 (95%) of 22 of the fleroxacin group and 18 (60%) of 30 of the amoxicillin group. One Haemophilus parainfluenzae strain persisted with fleroxacin. Persisting organisms with amoxicillin included Haemophilus influenzae (four), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (three), Escherichia coli (two), Streptococcus pneumoniae (one), Neisseria species (one), and Proteus mirabilis (one). Adverse events were reported by 41% of 102 patients receiving fleroxacin and 15% of 92 patients receiving amoxicillin. Insomnia, dizziness, and nausea occurred more frequently with fleroxacin. Fleroxacin may be indicated for the treatment of acute bacterial infection in chronic bronchitis known to be due to Haemophilus species and Moraxella catarrhalis. The 92% incidence of resistance among the S. pneumoniae isolates recovered from all enrolled patients suggests that fleroxacin may not be useful for such infections.
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PMID:Efficacy of fleroxacin versus amoxicillin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 845 69

In an open randomized study 218 outpatients (159 males and 59 females) ranging between 18 and 85 years of age (mean 61.9) suffering from bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis have been randomly treated: 79 with co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin 875 mg+clavulanic acid 125 mg) twice daily, 69 with cefixime (400 mg) once daily, and 70 with ciprofloxacin (500 mg) twice daily for an average period of 10 days. Before treatment start, 234 bacterial strains (105 Gram-positive and 129 Gram-negative) were isolated as the cause of exacerbation; the leading pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus spp. Eradication rates at the end of treatment were 82.2% for the co-amoxiclav group, 77.6% for the cefixime group, and 81.2% for ciprofloxacin group. Clinical success (cure+improvement) was obtained in 90.8% of the cases treated with co-amoxiclav, in 80.9% for the cefixime group and in 85.7% of patients treated with ciprofloxacin. Seven adverse events (8.9%) of which 4 cases of diarrhea and 3 of itching, were recorded in the co-amoxiclav group. Eleven adverse events (14.7%) were recorded in the cefixime group including gastrointestinal disturbances in 6 patients and mild to moderate increase of liver function in 2. Nine adverse events (12.9%) occurred in the ciprofloxacin group, including insomnia in 3 patients, gastrointestinal disturbances in 2, and serious increase of liver function tests in one patient. It can be concluded that there were no statistically significant differences among the three treatment groups. However, co-amoxiclav demonstrated a higher efficacy rate than cefixime and ciprofloxacin and was better tolerated. Therefore, it can be used as a first-choice drug in the treatment of exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of the clinical and microbiological efficacy of co-amoxiclav vs cefixime or ciprofloxacin in bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. 859 27

Levofloxacin (LVFX), a fluoroquinolone agent, has a broad spectrum that covers Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and atypical pathogens. It demonstrates good clinical efficacy in the treatment of various infections, including lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral LVFX 500 mg once daily, a large open-label clinical trial was conducted in 1266 patients (899 with LRTIs and 367 with UTIs) at 32 centers in China. In the per-protocol population, the clinical efficacy rate (cure or improvement) at 7 to 14 days after the end of treatment was 96.4% (666/691) for LRTIs and 95.7% (267/279) for UTIs. In 53 patients diagnosed with atypical pneumonia the treatment was effective. The bacteriological efficacy rate was 96.6% (256/265) for LRTIs and 93.3% (126/135) for UTIs. The eradication rate of the causative pathogens was 100% (33/33) for Haemophilus influenzae and 96.0% (24/25) for Streptococcus pneumoniae in LRTIs, and 94.1% (80/85) for Escherichia coli in UTIs. The overall efficacy rates were 89.3% (617/691) for LRTIs and 87.8% (245/279) for UTIs. The incidence of drug-related adverse events (ADRs) was 17.3% (215/1245), and the incidence of drug-related laboratory abnormalities was 15.7% (191/1213). Common ADRs were dizziness, nausea, and insomnia. Common laboratory abnormalities included "WBC decreased", "alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased", "aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased", and "lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased". All of these events were mentioned in the package inserts of fluoroquinolones including LVFX, and most events were mild and transient. Thirty-four patients (2.7%) were withdrawn from the study because of the ADRs. No new ADRs were found. This study concluded that the dosage regimen of LVFX 500 mg once daily was effective and tolerable for the treatment of LRTIs and UTIs.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of oral levofloxacin 500 mg once-daily dosage for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections: a prospective multicenter study in China. 1985 68