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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From August 1980 through July 1984, 19 neonates had sepsis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Onset of disease occurred within 48 hours after birth of all the neonates. One neonate was born at term and 18 were born prematurely, including seven neonates born before 28 weeks' gestation. Eight neonates and one fetus died, six of them within 24 hours of birth. Acute chorioamnionitis was present in the placentas. Those neonates with the most severe placental inflammation survived while all of those who died had moderate or only mild chorioamnionitis. Acute villitis was noted in the placentas of three neonates who died. Respiratory distress syndrome (in 15 neonates) and pneumonia (in 15 neonates) were noted in 18 liveborn patients. Nine mothers had fever, six of them with genitourinary infections and one with septicemia due to H influenzae. All isolates of H influenzae were submitted for serologic typing and none were typable. In 14 cases, isolates were biotyped yielding eight with biotype II, four with biotype III, and one each with biotypes IV and V. Neonatal sepsis due to nontypable H influenzae is now nearly as common as sepsis due to group B Streptococcus. Both organisms produce diseases with many features in common, especially fulminant courses with respiratory distress and pneumonia, and often have a fatal outcome.
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PMID:Neonatal sepsis due to nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. 348 94

A 15-month-old male developed acute respiratory distress following a prolonged upper respiratory tract infection. Laboratory and radiological investigations suggested tracheal compression by a malignant anterior mediastinal mass. Following a short course of steroid therapy, urgent exploration of the mediastinum and resection of the mass was carried out; resolution of the airway obstruction was obtained. Histological and bacteriological examination of the lesion revealed it to be a thymic cyst infected by Haemophilus Influenzae with abscess formation. The causes of tracheal compression in childhood are discussed.
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PMID:Infected thymic cyst: an unusual cause of respiratory distress in a child. 349 25

Infants with respiratory distress syndrome are routinely evaluated for infection which commonly includes a lumbar puncture. In this study cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination failed to elicit evidence for meningitis in 238 consecutively admitted infants with respiratory distress syndrome evaluated during the first 24 hours of life. Blood cultures were obtained in all; suprapubic or catheterized urine was obtained in 163 infants; CSF was collected successfully in 203 infants. Seventeen infants demonstrated positive blood cultures: 7 Streptococcus, 5 Staphylococcus, 3 Haemophilus influenzae, 1 Bacillus subtilis and 1 diphtheroid infection. CSF obtained from 14 of those infants had normal examinations and sterile cultures. Factors associated with bacteremia were birth weight (P less than 0.01), gestational age (P less than 0.01), prolonged rupture of membranes (P less than 0.05) and leukopenia below 10 000/mm3 (P less than 0.05). In view of the negative CSF examinations in infants with positive blood cultures and the potential complications of lumbar puncture (hypoxia, trauma, infection, epidermoid tumor), the potential risks of CSF evaluation may exceed the assessed benefit for the infant with respiratory distress syndrome.
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PMID:Evaluation of routine lumbar punctures in newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome. 357 8

In an open prospective study the efficacy and tolerance of imipenem/cilastatin was investigated in 24 critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation with nosocomial respiratory tract infection. Nine patients had previously received antibiotic therapy, eight of them with various other beta-lactam antibiotics which had failed. Imipenem was given in a dose of 1-3 g/24 h over 5-37 (mean 11) days. Seven patients were additionally treated with aminoglycosides, one patient with erythromycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 14), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 4), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 4) and Escherichia coli (n = 3) were the potential pathogens most frequently isolated from tracheo-bronchial secretions. All of the isolates were susceptible to imipenem. 91% of the infections without and 77% with involvement of P. aeruginosa were successfully treated. Two patients who had not responded to previous treatment succumbed to the consequences of progressive respiratory distress syndrome. All of the gram-positive and 85% of the gram-negative pathogens (Pseudomonas not included) were eliminated in the course of therapy. By contrast, 64% of the isolates of P. aeruginosa persisted; half of these became imipenem-resistant. Nine patients showed adverse reactions including one case of pseudomembranous colitis or laboratory abnormalities which were all reversible. Imipenem/cilastatin proved highly effective and was relatively well tolerated; it is suitable as a single agent for the initial treatment of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in ventilated patients, although only with limitations in cases of infection due to P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:[Treatment of respiratory tract infections with imipenem/cilastatin in critical patients with respiratory insufficiency]. 375 53

During a 15-month period, all 34 infants delivered at the department of obstetrics and gynecology at University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, who died perinatally or neonatally were included in a prospective study of causes of death. Autopsies--including extensive culturing of specimens for bacteria, chlamydia, fungi, mycoplasmas, and viruses--were performed for all infants. Maternal sera obtained during pregnancy and after delivery were examined regarding titers against a number of microorganisms. During the study period, the perinatal mortality rate was 0.60% and the neonatal mortality rate 0.56%. It was found that 37% of the deaths were caused by lethal malformations, 17% by idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, and 9% by ablatio placentae. However, no less than 21% occurred as a direct consequence of infections, including 2 deaths caused by group B streptococci, 2 by Coxsackie B virus, and 3 deaths each by Hemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas pyocyanea, and Candida albicans. A 6-month study of late abortions revealed another case of intrauterine group B streptococcal infection. The study has demonstrated that autopsy, including microbial examination, is recommended in all cases of perinatal and neonatal deaths.
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PMID:Infection as a predominant cause of perinatal mortality. 628 6

Thirteen cases of epiglottitis are reviewed in this paper. Fever and respiratory distress were the most common presenting symptoms. A lateral neck roentgenogram was a helpful laboratory test. Epiglottitis must be distinguished from viral croup and other causes of upper airway obstruction so that prompt treatment can be instituted. A suggested protocol for management of epiglottitis emphasizes the importance of establishing an artificial airway and administering intravenous antibiotics effective against Hemophilus influenzae type B.
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PMID:Epiglottitis: a review of 13 cases and a suggested protocol for management. 647 Jun 35

Between 1976 and 1981 Haemophilus influenzae was identified in 16 women with postpartum bacteremia and 36 neonates with bacteremia or meningitis. H. influenzae was also recovered from neonatal or genital cultures of 50 additional patients. By counter-immunoelectrophoresis 17% of neonatal isolates from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were type b. All remaining strains (94% overall) were nontypable (NT). Of the NT blood or CSF isolates, 38% belonged to biotype 4. Of all the NT biotype 4 isolates referred to the Centers for Disease Control during the study, 82% were of genital, neonatal, or maternal origin, a finding that suggests that this isolate is a genital biotype. Clinical disease was similar to that observed in patients infected with group B Streptococcus except for the infrequent (11%) occurrence of meningitis. Maternal bacteremia resulted in mild febrile illness, while neonatal bacteremia was associated with a high incidence of shock, respiratory distress (50%), and death (30%). H. influenzae bacteremia in these two patient groups was rare in Houston before 1976, but since then it has been responsible for 2.5% of cases of significant bacteremia. NT H. influenzae should be recognized as a definite neonatal, maternal, and genital pathogen.
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PMID:Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (biotype 4) as a neonatal, maternal, and genital pathogen. 660 Aug 49

A 33-year old man developed acute epiglottitis of sudden onset which resulted in severe respiratory distress. A small endotracheal tube was passed as an emergency procedure. Respiratory arrest developed after he pulled it out 12 hr later. Subsequent progress was satisfactory following endotracheal intubation and treatment with ampicillin and hydrocortisone. Blood cultures grew Haemophilus influenzae.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis in an adult. 696 97

Acute epiglottitis in adults occurs more frequently than generally realized. Haemophilus influenzae type b is the major causative agent. While H influenzae resistant to ampicillin sodium has been associated with epiglottitis in children, no adult cases have been reported. We describe a 48-year-old woman with epiglottitis and associated typical rapid onset of sore throat, fever, respiratory distress, and swollen, red supraglottic structures. Blood cultures were positive for beta-lactamase-producing, ampicillin-resistant H influenzae. We conclude that H influenzae resistant to ampicillin should be considered when diagnosing and treating adult epiglottitis.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis and bacteremia with ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. 698 Jun 42

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed to determine a lumbar puncture (LP) yield for meningitis in 95 children who presented with their first febrile convulsions between July 1993 and June 1994. There were 52 males and 43 females aged six months to six years with a mean age of 21.9 +/- 13.0 months at presentation. 87(91.6%) had simple febrile convulsions (SFC) while the remaining 8(8.4%) had complex febrile convulsions (CFC). The majority of the subjects presented with a sudden onset of convulsions that were preceded by a day or two history of fever, coryza, cough and respiratory distress while others had their convulsions preceded by fever and passage of bloody stools. The LP yield for meningitis in this series was 6.3%. The CSF analysis revealed six cases of meningitis comprising an eight month old infant with Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) meningitis, two partially treated pyogenic meningitis and three aseptic meningitis. All of them had presented with febrile convulsions without signs of meningeal irritation. Excluding aseptic meningitis from this series, a 3.1% LP yield for pyogenic meningitis is significant enough to recommend continued performance of LP in children with first febrile convulsions, especially if under the age of eighteen months.
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PMID:Analysis of the results of routine lumbar puncture after a first febrile convulsion in Hofuf, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. 749 8


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