Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The observation of more than four polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) per high-power field (hpf) in gram-stained smears of urethral secretions was found to differentiate patients with urethritis from patients without urethritis. A urethral discharge was present in 78% of patients with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). Dysuria without demonstrable urethral discharge and with fewer than four PMN/hpf did not appear to fit into the NGU spectrum. NGU is now defined to include men who have negative urethral cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae with a urethral discharge and/or more than four PMN/hpf in their urethral smears. The findings of more than four PMN/hpf in the urethral smears of 22%of asymptomatic sexually active men with more than one sexual partner (polygamous controls) suggests that asymptomatic NGU is not uncommon. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated significantly more frequently from the NGU study group than from the control group (P less than 0.001). This study adds Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis), group B streptococci, and yeasts to the list of sexually transmitted microorganisms that are not etiologic determinants of NGU.
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PMID:Diagnosis and etiology of nongonococcal urethritis. 21 95

On hundred twenty-six men who attended a hospital microbiology laboratory and 99 men who attended a private laboratory in Toulouse, France, for symptoms of urethritis were examined during 1988, for evidence of urethral pathogens. The following incidences were found: Neisseria gonorrhoeae: 24 (10.7%); Chlamydia trachomatis: 58 (25.8%); Ureaplasma urealyticum: 46 (20.4%); Gardnerella vaginalis: 21 (9.3%); Haemophilus parainfluenzae: 21 (9.3%); Streptococcus agalactiae: 15 (6.7%); Candida albicans: 10 (4.4%); and Trichomonas vaginalis: 4 (1.8%). The prevalence of these microorganisms was similar in the two groups of patients. No pathogen was isolated from 71 patients (31.6%). Mixed infections with at least two pathogens were found in 49 men (21.8%). Another goal of this study was to determine the relative prevalence of urethral pathogens in relation to clinical findings. N. gonorrhoeae was isolated significantly more often in patients who had a urethral discharge (P less than .05) that contained five or more polymorphonuclear cells per high-power field (PMN/HPF) (P less than .001). G. vaginalis was isolated significantly more often in patients who did not have an urethral discharge (P less than .05) and in men with less than five PMN/HPF (P less than .05). Isolation of C. albicans was significantly associated with pruritus (P less than .05) and balanitis (P less than .001). Like the clinical features, the gram-stained urethral smear was of limited value in diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making regarding non-gonococcal urethritis. In contrast, this study underlines the importance of full identification of urethral isolates in the management of urethritis in men.
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PMID:Clinical and microbiologic features of urethritis in men in Toulouse, France. 190 4

Gonodecten (Gd; U.S. Packaging Corp., LaPorte, Ind.) is a commercially available test for the presumptive diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in men. With this test, urethral discharge is collected on a swab, placed in a plastic tube, and moistened with oxidase reagent. Development of a purple color on the swab within 3 min indicates the presence of gonococci. This system was compared with culture and Gram-stained smear for the diagnosis of gonorrhea. Of 240 specimens tested, 174 were positive with culture, Gram stain, and the Gd test and 48 were negative with all tests. For eight specimens, cultures and smears were positive, but the Gd test was negative. Nine specimens produced positive Gd tests with negative smears and cultures. Only one specimen was positive on culture and with the Gd test and negative on Gram-stained smear. Haemophilus species were isolated from 14 specimens; 5 produced positive Gd test reactions, with gonococci being coisolated from 4. The sensitivity and specificity of the Gd test compared with culture were 95.6 and 84.2%, respectively, whereas the Gram stain was 99.5% sensitive and 100% specific compared with culture. The Gd test may be a useful screening test for the diagnosis of gonorrhea in men with urethral discharge, particularly in settings where a microscope, Gram stain reagents, or technological expertise is not readily available.
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PMID:Evaluation of Gonodecten for the presumptive diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in men. 257 91

Physicians treated a 37 year old man, who 5 years earlier had a successful vasectomy reversal, with a 24 hour history of intense left testicular pain, rigors, and pain and difficulty in urinating. Prior to these symptoms, he noted a mild, transient urethral discharge. Upon examination, physicians noted a fever of 38.5 degrees Celsius and swelling and tenderness around the left testis extending towards the groin. Pus cells existed in the urine, but no organism was found. While operating on the scrotal sac, physicians observed severe epididymitis which extended to the vasovasostomy site where a firm granuloma existed. The testis itself seemed fine. Blood cultures taken on admission revealed Haemophilus influenzae (non capsulate, biotype II) and ampicillin was administered intravenously. This case's physicians have not heard of any previous reported severe infection of a vasovasostomy site with bacteremia. Generally, granuloma formation after a vasovasostomy is caused by sperm leakage and represents an inflammatory response often resulting in obstruction. This may predispose the site to infection. Haemophilus influenzae rarely causes epididymo-vasitis but perhaps non capsulated strains possess an increased ability to evade host defenses, especially in a vasovasostomy granuloma, a damaged tissue.
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PMID:Epididymo-vasitis associated with previous reversal of sterilisation. 340 94

Haemophilus parainfluenzae was isolated from the urethral discharge of a man with urethritis. The patient responded favorably to treatment with amoxicillin. Although the facts suggest that this case of urethritis may have been caused by H. parainfluenzae, a possible etiologic role of other microorganisms is not ruled out.
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PMID:Urethritis associated with Haemophilus parainfluenzae: a case report. 684 18