Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnosis of erysipelas is usually made clinically. Features that help distinguish erysipelas are acute onset, erythema, warmth, edema, pain, fever, and isolated regional involvement with clearly demarcated margins. High ASO titers and response to penicillin therapy are reassuring. Simple uncomplicated erysipelas or cellulitis in adults can usually be treated on an outpatient basis. Extensive facial involvement with fever and a toxic appearance warrants hospitalization. Facial cellulitis or erysipelas in children, unless quite limited, requires hospitalization because of the high risk of Hemophilus influenzae infection and sepsis. Hospitalized patients should show visible signs of resolution and be afebrile for at least 24 hours prior to discharge. They should be maintained on oral antibiotic therapy at home for an additional 7 to 10 days.
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PMID:Facial erysipelas: report of a case and review of the literature. 189 May 24

The tonsils of 97 children undergoing tonsillectomy were studied to determine the correlation between surface culture swab and culture of tonsillar core. In many cases, pathogenic organisms were found in the tonsil core, despite the fact that surface cultures revealed only normal respiratory flora. The tonsil core cultures showed a high incidence of Hemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus, which was rarely reflected on surface culture. The study indicates that pharyngeal swab cultures do not reliably reflect the presence of pathogens in the tonsil core. The value of parameters such as history of recurrent bouts of tonsillitis and presence of erythema or cryptic debris on physical examination for predicting the differential bacteriology of the tonsil is studied. The implications for treatment of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy are discussed.
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PMID:Bacteriology of tonsil surface and core in children. 264 91

Mupirocin is an investigational topical antibiotic used for treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial skin infections. Mupirocin differs from other antibiotics in its synthesis, structure, and mechanism of action. In vitro, mupirocin possesses antimicrobial activity against staphylococci, streptococci, Hemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Few studies comparing mupirocin to other topical antibiotics are available. Initial studies comparing mupirocin to inactive vehicle in the treatment of impetigo indicate an overall 92 percent pathogen eradication rate with active drug and 58 percent eradication rate with vehicle. Overall response to treatment of secondary skin infections was favorable in 91 percent of patients treated with mupirocin and 77 percent of those treated with vehicle. Although incidence is not greater than placebo, adverse effects have included pruritus, burning, dry skin, and erythema. Additional trials and clinical use should further help determine the role of mupirocin in the treatment of minor, primary, and secondary skin infections.
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PMID:Topical mupirocin in the treatment of bacterial skin infections. 310 97

Haemophilus influenzae type b has rarely been implicated as a pathogen of osteomyelitis in infants and children. Sixteen cases of Haemophilus osteomyelitis were identified in a 28-year review, representing 4.4% of all cases during that period. In the 1 to 24 months age group, H. influenzae type b caused 13.3% of all cases of osteomyelitis. The mean age was 15 months (range, 12 days to 34 months). All cases had fever, 75% had a history of a preceding respiratory tract infection, 75% had localized swelling, 69% had decreased range of motion of the affected or adjacent joint, 38% had local erythema and 13% had localized tenderness. The lower extremities were involved more often than the upper limbs. Concurrent adjacent suppurative arthritis was present in 75% and meningitis in 19% of patients. Clinical resolution was satisfactory in all but two of our patients, and both were associated with suppurative arthritis and inadequate surgical drainage.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type b osteomyelitis in infants and children. 325 3

Cellulitis due to Hemophilus influenzae type B is a rare but treatable event in adults. Herein is described a 67-year-old woman with anterior neck cellulitis caused by H. influenzae type B, documented by positive blood culture results. Six additional cases reported in the literature are reviewed. The following clinical syndrome emerges: the patient is usually older than 50 years of age, and pharyngitis develops first, followed by the onset of high fever and rapidly progressive anterior neck swelling, tenderness, and erythema associated with dysphagia. Because the causative organism may be resistant to ampicillin, the early use of chloramphenicol is recommended along with a beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin or cephalosporin (to cover other potential pathogens), or an appropriate third-generation cephalosporin that would also adequately cover all possible pathogens.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenzae type B cellulitis in adults. 376 1

The b-CAPSA I capsular polysaccharide vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b was given to 87,541 children 2 through 5 years of age in the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, and the children were then followed using a multiple modality surveillance. Phase 1 consisted of 24-hour recall of immediate side effects which were recorded on questionnaires given to families of 13,500 children. Local side effects were found to be uncommon: 2.3% had a temperature of greater than or equal to 38.3 degrees C (greater than or equal to 101 degrees F); 4.8% had local erythema, 2.9% local swelling, and 12.6% local tenderness; two children had wheezing shortly after immunization. In Phase 2, 30 days after immunization, questionnaires were mailed to parents of all 87,541 children, who were asked to respond to questions about illnesses and health care. Phase 3 consisted of active surveillance of patient health care use by physicians and nurses during the 30 days after immunization. During the 30-day reporting periods, there were 40 hospitalizations, including one for wheezing and one for febrile seizure. Of the 40 hospitalizations, only the one for wheezing was believed by the admitting physician to be probably associated with vaccine administration. Three children had seizures within 30 days of immunization. None of the seizures was believed by the reporting physician to be associated with immunization. Adverse effects of the vaccine were mild, limited to local reactions and occasional temperature elevation; bronchospasm after immunization occurred rarely.
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PMID:b-CAPSA I Haemophilus influenzae, type b, capsular polysaccharide vaccine safety. 382 30

A 2-phase study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the NEB-1 strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to potentiate common bacterial pathogens of swine. In phase I, 25 of 50 4-5-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were exposed to NEB-1 PRRSV (day 0). Seven days after virus inoculation, 8 groups received 1 of 4 bacterial pathogens: Haemophilus parasuis, Streptococcus suis, Salmonella cholerasuis, and Pasteurella multocida. The ability of NEB-1 PRRSV to produce clinical disease, viremia, neutralizing antibody, gross and microscopic lesions and to potentiate bacterial pathogens was assessed. Response to NEB-1 PRRSV was similar among inoculated pigs; prolonged hyperthermia, lethargy, mild to moderate dyspnea, and cutaneous erythema were consistent clinical signs. No clinical differences were observed in groups after bacterial challenge. Virus was isolated from serum at weekly intervals through the end of the study, and all PRRSV-inoculated pigs had seroconverted by study termination. Two of 5 pigs died in non-PRRSV-inoculated groups challenged with H. parasuis and Streptococcus suis. Mortality in PRRSV-infected pigs was limited to 1 of 5 pigs from the Salmonella cholerasuis-challenged group. Gross lesions were seen in pigs dying after inoculation in H. parasuis- and Streptococcus suis-inoculated groups, in Salmonella cholerasuis- and P. multocida-challenged pigs, and in 1 non-PRRSV-inoculated control pig. Microscopic lesions consisted of mild to moderate proliferative interstitial pneumonia, nonsuppurative myocarditis, lymphoid hyperplasia, and nonsuppurative encephalitis in PRRSV-inoculated pigs. Findings in phase I indicated that NEB-1 PRRSV does not potentiate bacterial disease while inducing consistent clinical signs, viremia, seroconversion, and microscopic lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: NEB-1 PRRSV infection did not potentiate bacterial pathogens. 757 44

SB-3 (Infanrix-DTPa) is one of a new generation of vaccines for immunisation against pertussis (whooping cough), diphtheria and tetanus. It is a 3-component (pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin and pertactin) chemically inactivated acellular pertussis pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus toxoid (DTaP) vaccine, and it differs from conventional whole-cell pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus toxoid (DTwP) vaccines in that it comprises inactivated purified Bordetella pertussis antigens rather than whole cells of the bacillus. SB-3, like a number of other DTaP vaccines, elicits a similar or more often, a significantly greater immune response than various DTwP vaccines in healthy infants and young children. initial data from comparative studies indicate that SB-3 also remains immunogenic when given in combination with hepatitis B vaccine or concurrently administered with Haemophilus influenzae type b (HbOC) conjugate vaccine. A combination of SB-3 and H. influenzae type b tetanus (PRP-T) conjugate vaccine results in lower anti-PRP antibody response than when both vaccines are administered concurrently. Data from two large, multicentre, German and Italian studies in infants indicate that the protective efficacy of SB-3 against pertussis was significantly better than one DTwP (DTwP-CON) but similar to another one (DTwP-BW) under investigation. Compared with another DTaP vaccine (BIO-3), SB-3 was just as protective. Overall, the data from these 2 studies indicate that primary vaccination with SB-3 provides effective protection against pertussis, even under the stringent conditions of a household contact with typical pertussis. As the other DTaP vaccines, SB-3 is better tolerated than DTwP vaccines, with a significantly lower incidence of common adverse events such as local reactions (swelling, pain and a erythema), irritability, fever, persistent crying and local tenderness. Clinical experience with SB-3 thus far indicates that, like other DTaP vaccines, it is associated with significantly fewer common (non-serious) adverse events than DTwP vaccines. Less clear is whether it has any advantage over DTwP vaccines with respect to protective efficacy or over other DTaP vaccines with respect to tolerability and protective efficacy. Nevertheless, the available data support the use of SB-3 for infant immunisation, as well as providing a suitable basis for the development of new combination vaccines.
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PMID:A cellular pertussis vaccine (Infanrix-DTPa; SB-3). A review of its immunogenicity, protective efficacy and tolerability in the prevention of Bordetella pertussis infection. 884 42

In infants, vaccines consisting of a carrier protein conjugated to the bacterial capsular polysaccharide (PRP) are far more protective against Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease than unconjugated PRP. To determine the tolerability and immunogenicity of Hib conjugate vaccines in the elderly, we vaccinated 30 volunteers, aged 69-84 years, with either PRP conjugated to an outer membrane protein complex (PRP-OMP), or PRP oligomers conjugated to CRM197, a nontoxic, mutant diphtheria toxin (HbOC). Prior to vaccination, 40% of subjects had serum anti-PRP antibody levels < 1.0 microgram ml-1. Four weeks following vaccination, all subjects had concentrations > 1.0 microgram ml-1, a level generally considered to be protective. The post-vaccination geometric mean concentrations were 35.5 and 50.1 micrograms ml-1 for the PRP-OMP and HbOC groups, respectively (0.05 < P < 0.10). Subjects in the HbOC group, but not the PRP-OMP group, showed, on average, ten fold increases in IgG antibody to diphtheria toxoid after conjugate vaccination. Side-effects of vaccination were mild except in one subject given HbOC, who developed extensive erythema and swelling of the injected arm.
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PMID:Phase I study of the immunogenicity and safety of conjugated Hemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in the elderly. 906 28

Orbital infections and inflammations present to the clinician with similar findings: periorbital edema, erythema, proptosis, and pain. History and clinical examination determine the work-up required to better define the disease process. Orbital infections continue to be associated primarily with diseases of the paranasal sinuses. Haemophilus influenza type B is no longer a significant pathogen, because of an effective vaccine. Fungal infections extending to the orbit are becoming more frequent due to the prevalence of immunocompromised patients. Orbital inflammations continue to be poorly understood, and an adequate classification scheme does not exist. Corticosteroids continue to be the preferred initial treatment, with the roles of radiation and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications to be determined. Specific causes of orbital inflammation such as Wegener granulomatosis must be considered to prevent potentially life-threatening complications.
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PMID:Orbital infections and inflammations. 1038 81


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