Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin were tested for approximately ten clinical isolates of each of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Actinomyces pyogenes, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Haemophilus parasuis, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin had similar activity and were more active than norfloxacin. All isolates had an MIC of 1.0 microgram/mL or less for ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and these drugs had particularly marked activity against the gram-negative bacteria tested.
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PMID:In vitro susceptibility of selected veterinary bacterial pathogens to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. 230 72

Arthritic joints obtained from 50 freshly slaughtered pig carcasses condemned for polyarthritis were studied microbiologically. A routine technique was developed for aseptically opening joints to obtain material for microbiological examination. A standard series of culture media for the primary isolation of arthritogenic agents were used in the examination of each affected joint. The microbiological study cultured for isolation of the following microorganisms: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., Haemophilus spp., Mycoplasma spp., Salmonella spp., Chlamydia, and viruses.E. rhusiopathiae was found to be responsible for 48% of the cases of arthritis and Streptococcus spp., C. pyogenes and S. aureus for 20%, 4%, and 2% respectively; no microorganisms were cultured from 26% of the arthritic joints.
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PMID:A microbiological study of polyarthritis in slaughter pigs. 675 Jan 22

The present study is an attempt to define the uncommon bacteria (UB) causing endocarditis and to evaluate their prevalence and clinical significance. Review of 13 series (including ours) revealed that UB were the infecting organisms in 105/1989 patients (5.3%). The leading bacteria were: Pneumococcus, Haemophilus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Neisseria sp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Cardiobacterium hominis and Erysipelothrix sp. These data are similar to those obtained from 111 sporadic case reports published in English during the last 6 yr and cited in the Index Medicus. Infection by UB usually resembles that by the common bacteria. However, Haemophilus sp. seems to affect mainly the young and is associated with major arterial occlusions, and Brucella is claimed to have a greater affinity to the aortic valve. UB are more frequent in patients with polymicrobial infections and their diagnosis is often delayed. Greater awareness to the possibility of infections with UB is needed for early diagnosis and improved prognosis.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis caused by uncommon bacteria. 687 16

Fifty-five strains received as Haemophilus vaginalis or as catalase-negative coryneform bacteria from the vagina together with 61 marker cultures were subjected to numerical phenetic analyses using 149 unit characters. The data were examined using the simple matching (SSM), Jaccard (SJ) and pattern (DP) coefficients and clustering was achieved using the average linkage algorithm. Cluster composition was not markedly affected by the coefficient used or by test error, estimated at 6 . 5%. The H. vaginalis strains formed a tight cluster which was only distantly related to representatives of the genera arthrobacter, Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium sensu stricto, Erysipelothrix, Haemophilus, Kurthia, Lactobacillus, Listeria and Propionibacterium but shared a high overall affinity to unclassified catalase-negative coryneforms which formed a discrete taxon, cluster 9. The H. vaginalis strains could be distinguished from the related strains in cluster 9 by several unrelated phenotypic characters. Using the S1 endonuclease assay, DNA-DNA hybridizations were performed with representative strains from the numerical as well as with reference strains of Bifidobacterium and Actinomyces. Haemophilus vaginalis was found to be a genotypically legitimate group and its DNA showed little homology with DNA from the marker strains tested. The DNA base composition of H. vaginalis was 42 to 44 mol % guanine plus cytosine. A new genus should be created to incorporate strains known as H. vaginalis or Corynebacterium vaginale. The name Gardnerella vaginalis proposed by Greenwood & Pickett (1979) is supported.
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PMID:A taxonomic study of Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis) Gardner and Dukes 1955. 697 16

The rapid fermentation test was used to determine the carbohydrate reactions of some of the fastidious bacteria encountered in clinical laboratories, such as: Haemophilus species, including Haemophilus vaginalis; Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; Cardiobacterium hominis; Kingella species; Corynebacterium species; Propionibacterium species; and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Results were usually obtained within 4 h by using inocula from 24- or 48-h blood or chocolate agar media.
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PMID:Use of the rapid fermentation test in determining carbohydrate reactions of fastidious bacteria in clinical laboratories. 699 28

The potent immunomodifier Propionibacterium avidum KP-40 (PA) demonstrated prophylactic potency in swine infected experimentally with Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae or Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Animals received PA either together with the respective vaccine or PA only; 3 resp. 4 weeks later all animals were inoculated with virulent pathogens. Eight of 10 swine immunized with inactivated pleuropneumonia vaccine developed mild-moderate forms of infection with temporary stagnation of body weight; application of the vaccine together with PA lowered the morbidity rate to 1 of 10 (p < 0.05). Also in non-vaccinated swine infected with pleuropneumonia or erysipelas PA application resulted in milder clinical symptoms, faster recovery and a larger gain of body weight.
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PMID:Prophylactic application of Propionibacterium avidum KP-40 in swine with acute experimental infections. II. Bacterial infections: pleuropneumonia and swine erysipelas. 831 45

The data are reviewed on the population structure and evolutionary dynamics of the nodule bacteria (rhizobia) which are among the most intensively studied microorganisms. High level of the population polymorphism was demonstrated for the rhizobia populations using the enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE profiles). The average value of Nei's coefficient of heterogeneity (H = 1 - sigma pi2 [n/(n - 1)]) were: 0.590 for rhizobia (Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium), 0.368 for enterobacteria (Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella) and 0.452 for pathogenic bacteria (Bordetella, Borrelia, Erysipelothrix, Haemophilus, Helicobacter, Listeria, Mycobacterium, Neisseria, Staphylococcus) populations. In spite of being devoid of the effective systems for the gene conjugative transfer, many rhizobia populations possess an essentially panmictic structure. However, the enterobacteria populations in which the gene transfer may be facilitated due to the conjugative F- and R-factors, usually display the clonal population structure. The legume host plant is proved to be a key factor that determines the high levels of polymorphism and of panmixis as well as high evolutionary rates of the symbiotic bacteria populations. The host may ensure: a) an increase in mutation and gene transfer frequencies; b) stimulation of the competitive (selective) processes in both symbiotic and free-living rhizobia populations. A "cyclic" model of the rhizobia microevolution is presented which allows to assess the inputs the interstrain competition for the saprophytic growth and for the host nodulation into evolution of a plant-associated rhizobia population. The nodulation competitiveness in the rhizobia populations is responsible for the frequency-dependent selection of the rare genotypes which may arise in the soil bacterial communities as a result of the transfer of symbiotic (sym) genes from virulent rhizobia strains to either avirulent rhizobia or to the other (saprophytic, phytopathogenic) bacteria. Therefore, the nodulation competitiveness may ensure: a) panmictic structure of the natural rhizobia populations; b) high taxonomic diversity of rhizobia which was apparently caused by a broad sym gene expansion in the soil bacterial communities. The kin selection models are presented which explain evolution of the "altruistic" (essential for the host plant, but not for the bacteria themselves) symbiotic traits (e.g., the ability for symbiotic nitrogen fixation and for differentiation into non-viable bacteroids) in the rhizobia populations. These models are based on preferential multiplication of the nitrogen-fixing clones either in planta (due to an elevated supply of the nitrogen-fixing nodules with photosynthates) or ex planta (due to a release of the rhizopines from the nitrogen-fixing nodules). Speaking generally, interactions with the host plants provide a range of mechanisms increasing a genetic heterogeneity and an evolutionary potential in the associated rhizobia populations.
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PMID:[The population genetics of nodule bacteria]. 1086 62

Diagnosis of erysipelas is based upon the association of an acute inflammatory plaque with fever, lymphagiitis, adenopathy and hyperleukocytosis. These associated symptoms are variable (20-70 p. 100 of cases). Bacteriology is not helpful for the diagnosis of erysipelas because of a low sensitivity (hemoculture 5 p. 100, standard examinations 5-41 p. 100), or delayed positivity (serology). Moreover cutaneous bacteriology is difficult to assess when other bacteria than streptococci are isolated. Erysipelas have to be distinguished from non-necrotizing cellulitis by peculiar clinical features (such as erysipeloid, facial staphylococcal infection, Pasteurella, Haemophilus influenzae) and from necrotizing fasciitis. Some non-infectious diseases may mimic erysipelas such as venous thrombosis, familial Mediterranean fever, prosthesis intolerance, and compartment syndrome. Because the diagnostic value of clinical symptoms is not known and no diagnostic gold standard has been established, it is impossible to be sure that non-streptococcal erysipelas (especially staphylococcal) really exists. Thus, the first line treatment for all erysipelas must be an antistreptococcal antibiotic. Before prescribing a treatment, hemoculture and blood cell count could be useful. If antistreptococcal antibiotherapy is inefficient, all the differential diagnoses must be reviewed.
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PMID:[Diagnostic criteria for erysipelas]. 1131 59

Serum samples from 78 European wild boars (Sus scrofa) harvested during the 1999-2000 hunting season were tested for antibodies to Brucella spp., classical swine fever virus, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Haemophilus parasuis, Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Salmonella serogroups B, C, and D, Streptococcus suis, and swine influenza virus (SIV) serotypes H1N1 and H3N2. Samples were collected from Sierra Morena and Montes de Toledo in southcentral Spain. Antibodies were detected to PRV (36%), L. interrogans serovar pomona (12%), PPV (10%), E. rhusiopathiae (5%), SIV serotype H1N1 (4%), Salmonella serogroup B (4%), and Salmonella serogroup C (3%). Our results suggest that more research is needed to describe the epidemiology of infectious diseases of Spanish wild boars.
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PMID:Antibodies to selected viral and bacterial pathogens in European wild boars from southcentral Spain. 1223 91

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recently published a new laboratory guideline for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of infrequently encountered or fastidious bacteria not covered in previous CLSI publications. The organisms include Aeromonas species, Bacillus species, and Vibrio species that may cause infections following environmental exposure. Fastidious organisms that may cause endocarditis or medical device infections include Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species; coryneform bacteria; Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella group gram-negative rods; and the instrinsically vancomycin-resistant gram-positive organisms Erysipelothrix, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus species. Organisms not previously covered in depth in CLSI guidelines include Branhamella catarrhalis, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Listeria species, and Pasteurella species. Clinically important drug resistance has been reported for each of these organisms. The guidelines provide recommendations for when it may be important to test these organisms, how standard methods may be easily adapted for testing, and appropriate interpretive criteria for results. Communication with infectious diseases clinicians prior to performing such testing is emphasized.
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PMID:New consensus guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria. 1717 32


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