Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is a need for developing vaccines that elicit mucosal immunity. Although oral or nasal vaccination methods would be ideal, current strategies have yielded mixed success. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligands are effective adjuvants and are currently used in the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. Induction of humoral immunity in the mucosa is critical for effective vaccination; thus, we sought to determine the effects of TLR2 ligands on human mucosal B cell differentiation. We demonstrate that TLR2 ligands induce CCR9 and CCR10 expression by circulating B cells and increased chemotaxis to cognate chemokines CCL25 and CCL28 suggesting that TLR2 induces B cell homing to the gastrointestinal tract. TLR2 stimulation of B cells also induced J chain and IgA production demonstrating the induction of mucosal-like antibody secreting cells. These observations suggest that vaccines containing TLR2-ligands as adjuvants could induce mucosal B cell immunity even when delivered in a non-mucosal manner.
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PMID:Toll-like receptor 2 induces mucosal homing receptor expression and IgA production by human B cells. 2094 33

Lymphocyte recruitment to peripheral tissues is fundamental for immune surveillance and homeostasis, but the chemokines and chemokine receptors responsible for tissue-specific homing of T cells to the upper airway mucosa have not been determined. To address this, we analyzed the chemokines expressed in the normal human nasal mucosa and found that CCL28 is preferentially expressed at a high level on the lumenal face of vascular endothelial cells in the mucosa. Analysis of the cognate chemokine receptors revealed that close to 50% of the CD4(+) T cells in the human nasal mucosa expressed the CCL28 receptor CCR3, whereas CCR3 was hardly detectable on T cells in the small intestine and skin. In the circulation, CCR3(+) T cells comprised a small subset that did not express homing receptors to the intestine or skin. Moreover, depletion of CCR3(+)CD4(+) T cells abrogated the proliferative response of human blood CD4(+) T cells against the opportunistic nasopharyngeal pathogen Haemophilus influenzae, indicating that the CCR3(+)CD4(+) T-cell subset in the circulation contains antigen specificities relevant for the upper airways. Together, these findings indicate that CCL28-CCR3 interactions are involved in the homeostatic trafficking of CD4(+) T cells to the upper airways.
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PMID:A role for CCL28-CCR3 in T-cell homing to the human upper airway mucosa. 2491 56