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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are several problems related to the classification and identification of bacterial and yeast species assigned to the genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, Pasteurella, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Campylobacter, Wolinella, Treponema, Candida, Torulopsis, and Saccharomyces, most of which belong to the resident oral microflora. The present review was written to demonstrate how multivariate analyses of data on cellular fatty acids, sugars, enzyme activities, and lysis kinetics during ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and EDTA plus lysozyme treatment can be used to distinguish closely related species of these bacterial and yeast genera. With the exception of the Actinobacillus-Haemophilus-Pasteurella group, fatty acids were more discriminating than sugars. Enzymes from whole cells and outer membrane vesicles also contributed to taxonomic distinction. Apparently, chemosystematics, involving multivariate analyses, is a useful adjunct in oral microbial taxonomy.
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PMID:Review of chemosystematics: multivariate approaches to oral bacteria and yeasts. 147 49

Chemotaxonomic data for strains of Actinobacillus, Haemophilus and Pasteurella spp. were analysed using three multivariate statistical strategies: principal components, partial least squares discriminant, and soft independent modelling of class analogy. The species comprised Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Haemophilus aphrophilus, H. paraphrophilus, H. influenzae, Pasteurella multocida, P. haemolytica and P. ureae. Strains were characterized by cell sugar and fatty acid composition, lysis kinetics during EDTA and EDTA plus lysozyme treatment, and methylene blue reduction. In total 23 quantitative variables were compiled from chemotaxonomic analyses of 25 strains. A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus formed distinct classes which differed from those of H. paraphrophilus, H. influenzae and Pasteurella spp. All characterization variables, except those describing fatty acid content, contributed significantly to inter-species discrimination.
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PMID:Multivariate analysis of quantitative chemical and enzymic characterization data in classification of Actinobacillus, Haemophilus and Pasteurella spp. 211 66

Spontaneous fusion between lymphoid and carcinoma cells in vivo has been described previously. Splenocytes from mice treated with LPS or mitogen have been reported to fuse better with myeloma cells using PEG as fusion agent than splenocytes from untreated mice. We report a phenomenon where immunization of mice with formalin treated, whole Haemophilus paragallinarum bacteria induced spontaneous fusion of splenocytes with myeloma cells in vitro, without the aid of any fusion agent. Co-immunization of mice with H. paragallinarum and an unrelated antigen (hen's egg white lysozyme), followed by co-culturing of the immune splenocytes with SP2/0 myeloma cells, yielded stable hybridoma cell lines producing anti-lysozyme antibodies. H. paragallinarum may be used in adjuvants to simplify the production of monoclonal antibodies, and the discovery of a promotional activity of a gram negative bacterium on cell fusion and hybridoma formation may shed new light on spontaneous fusion as a natural immune phenomenon in cancer.
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PMID:Spontaneous fusion between splenocytes and myeloma cells induced by bacterial immunization. 225 87

The ocular findings in three brothers with Bruton's disease are reported. All three boys had purulent conjunctivitis, but the two older brothers also developed marked corneal scarring with visual impairment. Haemophilus influenzae was cultured from conjunctival swabs; it was resistant to neomycin but sensitive to chloramphenicol. Tear analysis showed that the three subjects had normal levels of lysozyme but no detectable IgA.
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PMID:Infective conjunctivitis and corneal scarring in three brothers with sex linked hypogammaglobulinaemia (Bruton's disease). 231 Jul 24

The chemotaxis-evoking capacity of 5 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and 5 Haemophilus aphrophilus strains were studied in a tissue cage model in rabbits. A significant increase of the total number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was induced in the tissue cage fluid by both viable and killed bacteria, reaching a maximum after 12-24 h. In parallel, the proportion of viable/non viable leukocytes increased. The leukocyte counts declined during the following 24-48 h in all chambers except in those inoculated with viable cells of H. aphrophilus. The H. aphrophilus strains survived the 72 h experiment while A. actinomycetemcomitans decreased to undetectable levels within 24-72 h. Lactate dehydrogenase and lysozyme activities in cage fluid increased in all but the uninoculated chambers. Viable bacteria induced higher activities of the enzymes than killed ones. It is concluded that both species of bacteria exhibit similar chemotaxis evoking properties. A strain dependent ability to induce release of leukocyte-associated enzymes exists.
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PMID:In vivo chemotaxis evoked by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus. 262 65

Major outer membrane antigens, proteins, and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), from nontypable Haemophilus influenzae were characterized and examined as targets for complement-dependent human bactericidal antibodies. Outer membranes from two nontypable H. influenzae isolates that caused otitis media and pneumonia (middle ear and transtracheal aspirates) were prepared by shearing organisms in EDTA. These membranes were compared with membranes prepared independently by spheroplasting and lysozyme treatment of whole cells and found to have: similar sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns of the proteins; identical densities (rho = 1.22 g/cm3); and minimal d-lactose dehydrogenase activity indicating purity from cytoplasmic membranes. Outer membranes were solubilized in an LPS-disaggregating buffer and proteins were separated from LPS by molecular sieve chromatography. The SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from the two strains differed in the major band although other prominent bands appeared similar in molecular weight. LPS prepared by hot phenol water extraction of each of the strains contained 45% (pneumonia isolate) and 60% (otitis isolate) lipid (wt/wt), 49% and 50% carbohydrate (wt/wt), respectively, and less than 1%, 3-deoxy-manno octulosonic acid. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) purified from normal human serum (NHS) plus complement was bactericidal for both strains. Purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from NHS killed the middle ear isolate and immune convalescent IgM from the serum of the patient with pneumonia killed his isolate. NHS or convalescent serum were absorbed with OMPs and LPS (0.6-110 micrograms) from each of the strains and immune specific inhibition of bactericidal antibody activity by each antigen was determined. OMPs from the pulmonary isolate inhibited bactericidal antibody activity directed against the isolate in both NHS (1.5 microgram of antigen) and immune serum (0.75 microgram of antigen). OMPs (60 micrograms) from the ear isolate also inhibited bactericidal activity in the respective immune serum. LPSs exhibited minimal inhibition (greater than 110 micrograms). Three human sera (two normal, one immune) were selectively depleted of 80% of antibody activity against OMPs (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) by affinity chromatography using OMPs from the pulmonary isolate coupled to a solid phase. These OMP antibody-depleted sera also showed an 88% reduction of bactericidal activity against this strain. Immunopurified antibody against OMPs eluted from the solid phase was bactericidal.
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PMID:Characterization of antigens from nontypable Haemophilus influenzae recognized by human bactericidal antibodies. Role of Haemophilus outer membrane proteins. 387 75

Bacteriolysis in Tris-maleate buffer (0.005 M, pH 7.2) supplemented with EDTA (0.01 M) and hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL, 1.0 microgram/ml) was set up to assist differentiation between the taxonomically closely related Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus. A. actinomycetemcomitans was more sensitive to lysis in this system than H. aphrophilus. The standard method for bacteriolysis separated the 10 tested strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans into two groups (I and II) based on their lysis patterns, whereas the 7 strains of H. aphrophilus examined were homogeneous. In group I of A. actinomycetemcomitans, EDTA displayed a considerable lytic effect, which was not increased by supplementation with HEWL. In group II, the lytic effect of EDTA was much less, but HEWL had a considerable supplementary lytic effect. When the turbidity of A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29522) or H. aphrophilus (ATCC 33389) suspended in Tris buffer was monitored at close pH intervals (0.2) from pH 5.2 to 9.2, maximal lysis of ATCC 29522 occurred with EDTA at pH 8.0 and with EDTA-HEWL at pH 7.6, while ATCC 33389 lysed with EDTA at pH 9.0 and with EDTA-HEWL at pH 9.2. When other members of the family Pasteurellaceae (Haemophilus influenzae type b, Haemophilus paraphrophilus, Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella haemolytica, and Pasteurella ureae) were included for comparison, the group I strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans were the most rapidly lysed by EDTA. H. paraphrophilus was the least sensitive of the gram-negative strains tested, but not as resistant as Micrococcus luteus (control). M. luteus was the organism most sensitive to lysozyme, followed by P. ureae and the group II strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, while the group I strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, H. paraphrophilus, and P. haemolytica were the least sensitive organisms.
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PMID:Differentiation among closely related organisms of the Actinobacillus-Haemophilus-Pasteurella group by means of lysozyme and EDTA. 393 63

Bronchial secretions obtained during bronchoscopic examination of 60 children suffering from respiratory tract infections were studied for the concentration of immunoglobulins, anti-proteolytic factors, lactoferrin, and lysozyme. Eleven children having bronchial asthma without a history of chronic or recurrent infections of the respiratory tract were designated as a control. The results were analysed in relation to clinical diagnosis (chronic bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis) or to the local status of bronchial mucosa at the time of bronchoscopy (no inflammation, inflammation, inflammation with documented bacterial infection). The statistical analysis of the results revealed a decrease of lactoferrin and locally produced IgA in the group of children suffering from bronchitis and chronic bronchitis. Samples infected with Haemophilus species had significantly higher concentration of lactoferrin than any other group. Similarly, albumin in this group was higher than in the other group except that other bacteria were present. Samples infected with Haemophilus also had increased concentrations of S-IgA, IgG, and anti-proteolytic factors when compared with the group without local inflammation.
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PMID:Studies of bronchial secretion. The influence of inflammatory response and bacterial infection. 396 91

Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae may invade the subarachnoid space during the bacteriaemic phase without impairment of the blood-CSF barrier and in the absence of any leucocyte reaction. In pneumococcal meningitis the CSF may also contain less than 100 cells/microliter despite the presence of "pure bacterial cultures", but the barrier is completely broken when the serum/CSF concentration ratio is below 10. A clinical analysis of eight patients with fewer than 100 cells/microliter revealed that the first symptoms of meningitis appeared at least 3 days prior to the diagnostic lumbar puncture. There was a strong neutrophilic reaction in the blood with a prevalence of juvenile forms in most cases, indicating intact antibacterial defence mechanisms. Within 24 h after the start of antibiotic therapy the cell number rose above 2000/microliter accompanied by disappearance of pneumococci. Six of the eight patients died. In three cases autopsy revealed thick layers of pus over the convexities, indicating a compartmental separation of the ventricles and the spinal subarachnoid space. In one case of late diagnosed bacterial meningitis with a pleocytosis of 430/microliter the CSF lysozyme level was seven times higher than compatible with this cell number. Hyperphagocytosis and cellular disintegration is thought to cause the leucopenia within the spinal CSF compartment. "Apurulent bacterial meningitis" can be seen as a disease entity that is a diagnostic pitfall and also a prognostic sign.
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PMID:Apurulent bacterial meningitis (compartmental leucopenia in purulent meningitis). 403 59

DNA synthesis during transition from the lysogenic state to the lytic cycle and throughout the latter has been studied in Haemophilus influenzae BC200 (HP1c1). Following exposure to ultraviolet light, there is a 30-min delay in DNA synthesis after which there is a rapidly increasing rate of phage DNA synthesis. The phage genome is replicated without extensive utilization of segments or of breakdown products of the bacterial chromosome. The mode of phage DNA replication was investigated by zonal sedimentation of labeled DNA in 5 to 20% neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients. Tritiated thymidine, incorporated during a 2-min pulse given at 38 min, chases rapidly into DNA, sedimenting like linear DNA of approximately 2 x 10(8) daltons, and then, at the expense of label in this peak, chases into slower-sedimenting phage DNA (2 x 10(7) daltons). The fast-sedimenting, rapidly labeled DNA satisfies certain criteria for being a concatenated replicative intermediate. Observations in the electron microscope revealed linear concatemers in the faster-sedimenting material and circular phage-sized DNA in the slower-sedimenting DNA. When induced cells are gently lysed with lysozyme and Brij 58 to maintain DNA-membrane associations and sedimented in neutral sucrose over a cesium chloride shelf, the concatemer is found with the cell-membrane-wall complex. Membrane-associated label chases to membrane-free material sedimenting like deproteinized HP1c1 DNA. When membrane-associated DNA from the cesium chloride shelf is deproteinized and resedimented in neutral sucrose, the sedimentation profile reveals that sedimentation rates of labeled DNA from this complex are indicative of sizes ranging from 2 x 10(8) daltons down to phage-sized pieces of 2 to 3 x 10(7) daltons. A model is presented which places HP1c1-DNA replication on the cell membrane where a concatemer of phage DNA is synthesized and subsequently degraded to phage-equivalent DNA. Phage-equivalent DNA is then either released from the membrane for packaging or is packaged while still membrane associated. Thus, the cell membrane is not only the site of DNA replication during which phage DNA is synthesized in multiple phage-equivalent concatemers but it is also the site at which these concatemers are selectively reduced to phage-sized pieces.
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PMID:DNA replication of induced prophage in Haemophilus influenzae. 454 9


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