Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Single doses of cefazolin, 500 mg intramuscularly and 1 g intravenously, were administered to 16 patients having lung pathology who were scheduled for thoracic fluid aspiration. Pleural fluid and serum samples were taken at intervals of 30 to 240 min for determination of cefazolin levels. The levels obtained were variable; however, the levels of cefazolin in pleural fluid generally exceeded the reported minimal inhibitory concentration values for Staphylococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus, and group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. In addition, the pleural fluid levels exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for cefazolin against most of the Klebsiella and Haemophilus influenzae strains. These data show that cefazolin, despite its comparative high protein binding, produces levels in the pleural fluid capable of inhibiting the organisms commonly found in respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Penetration of cefazolin into pleural fluid. 87 48

In the new agent 3-(5-tetrazolyl)penam, hereafter referred to as CP-35,587, the carboxyl function at C3 in the penicillin nucleus has been replaced with the 5-tetrazolyl moiety. Marked changes in spectrum and resistance to gram-negative beta-lactamases, particularly with regard to Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, were conferred by this modification. The anti-Klebsiella activity clearly distinguishes the antibacterial spectrum of CP-35,587 from any known broad-spectrum penicillin. Compared to orally active cephalosporins, the spectrum advantage of CP-35,587 encompasses Enterobacter, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter, Providencia, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus faecalis, both in vitro and in murine infections produced by many of the above-named microorganisms. Thus, CP-35,587 combines and extends the antibacterial activity of broad-spectrum penicillins and orally active cephalosporins.
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PMID:Laboratory evaluation of 3-(5-tetrazolyl) penam, a new semisynthetic beta-lactam antibacterial agent with extended broad-spectrum activity. 98 45

Cefamandole has a broader spectrum and greater potency than the other cephalosporins. It includes Haemophilus influenzae, most strains of Enterobacter, and many strains of indole-positive Proteus and Bacteroides, with a lower minimal inhibitory concentration for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, etc. Concentrations of drug in the serum after the parenteral injection of cefamandole exceed manyfold the minimal inhibitory concentrations of over 82% of the bacteria studied. Approximately 65 to 85% is excreted in a biologically active form in the urine. This antibiotic offers advantages of antibacterial effectiveness and at the same time retains the safety of penicillin G and cephalothin in animals.
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PMID:Cefamandole: in vitro and clinical pharmacokinetics. 100 40

Cefamandole, a new cephalosporin derivative, was found to have a broad spectrum of activity against a cross-section of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical material. Gram-positive cocci, except for Streptococcus faecalis, were very susceptible. Penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus also was susceptible to cefamandole. Minimal bactericidal concentrations for gram-positive cocci approximated the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Strains of Haemophilus influenzae were very susceptible to the drug. Most strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., and Proteus sp. were inhibited by low concentrations. Increasing resistance occurred with larger inocula. Strains of Pseudomonas sp. were resistant to cefamandole.
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PMID:Cefamandole: antimicrobial activity in vitro of a new cephalosporin. 104 48

Six patients with acute gram-negative bronchopulmonary infection were treated with amikacin (15 mg/kg per day) administered intramuscularly in two equal doses at 12-hr intervals for 10-13 days. Two patients had underlying nonspecific pulmonary disease, two had advanced bronchocarcinoma, and two had extensive bronchiectasis (due to chronic aspergillosis in one patient). The pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa in three patients, and Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella ozaenae, and Enterobacter cloacae each in one patient. Five patients recovered completely, with resolution of fever and other acute symptoms and elimination of the causative organism from sputum cultures. A moribund patient with advanced metastatic bronchocarcinoma died two days after the treatment with amikacin had been completed; the last specimen of sputum was still positive for P. aeruginosa. Tests of liver and renal function and blood counts revealed no abnormaltities. Complete audiometric survey showed no hearing loss. Nystagmography revealed reversible, lessened caloric response in some patients. Amikacin was well absorbed from the site of intramuscular injection. Levels of amikacin in serum varied among the subjects and, in some cases, for individual patients on different days.
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PMID:Amikacin in the treatment of gram-negative bronchopulmonary infections. 108 76

Authenic tracheobronchial secretions/exudates (TBSE) were aspirated under direct vision via a sterile catheter passed through a fiberoptic bronchoscope from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by chronic bronchitis. TBSE, saliva and blood were obtained during long-term administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and were assayed for drug content. Before and during treatment TBSE were cultured qualitatively and quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, mycoplasmas and viruses. Treatment with TMP-SMX was associated with a decrease in the recovery of Hemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis; however, little effect was observed on the typically nonpathogenic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria of the upper respiratory tract. TMP was found in saliva at concentrations greater than in serum. Both TMP and SMX entered TBSE in absolute and relative concentrations sufficient to take advantage of the potential for synergy against susceptible microorganisms. Patient tolerance of TMP-SMX was generally good and several patients reported a decrease in production of sputum during treatment.
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PMID:Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in chronic bronchitis. 113 33

BL-S640, a new oral cephalosporin analogue, was evaluated in vitro against 102 gram-negative and 80 gram-positive bacteria. The antimicrobial spectrum was similar to that of previous cephalosporin analogues. Good antimicrobial activity against strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, staphylococci, and streptococci was demonstrated. Relatively poor activity and/or resistance was noted among most strains of Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, and Serratia. In comparative studies BL-S640 had better activity against strains of Hemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae than many cephalosporin analogues. Variation of susceptibility results was dependent upon the type of media and inoculum size. Cross-resistance between BL-S640 cephalexin, cephalothin, and cefazolin was demonstrated. Among strains of Klebsiella the more rapid selection of resistance ot other cephalosporins was in contrast to BL-S640. Experience in vitro with BL-S640 has documented its antimicrobial activity,and further studies of pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy are indicated.
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PMID:In vitro evaluation of BL-S640, a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic. 116 42

Cefuroxime is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with increased stability to beta-lactamases. This stability, although no absolute in all cases, has the effect of widening the antibacterial spectrum of the compound so that many organisms resistant to the established cephalosporins are susceptible to cefuroxime. It is active against gram-positive organisms, including penicillinase-producing staphylococci, but it is less active against methicillin-resistant strains. In addition to its high activity against non-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria, cefuroxime effectively inhibits the growth of many beta-lactamase-producing strains, including Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and indole-positive Proteus spp. It is highly active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and also Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains. Cefuroxime is rapidly bactericidal and induces the formation and subsequent lysis of filamentous forms over a small concentration range.
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PMID:Cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic: activity in vitro. 125 7

Amoxicillin at a daily dose of 1-1.5 g was orally administered to total 30 cases comprising 6 of acute tonsillitis, 6 of chronic tonsillitis, 8 of acute bronchitis, 4 of chronic bronchitis, 4 of bronchiectasis, 1 of suppurative diseases of the lung and 1 of exudative pleurisy. The clinical results and side effects are reported. 1. The effect of amoxicillin was remarkably good in 15 of 30 cases with infections of respiratory apparatus (50%), good in 7(23%), poor in 5(17%) and unknown in 3(10%); the effectiveness was 73%. 2. In terms of diseases, amoxicillin was effective in 33% of acute tonsillitis, in 50% of chronic tonsillitis and in all of acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasia and suppurative disease of the lung. No effect was observed in exudative pleurisy. 3. In terms of strains detected, amoxicillin was effective in 67% of Staphylococcus aureus, in 89% of Haemophilus and in 50% of Klebsiella. This drug was effective in all cases caused by Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoacetines, beta-Streptococcus, Flavobacterium, Streptococcus pneumonia, though these strains were not frequently detected. Pseudomonas aeruginosa had no response to this drug. 4. Two cases of transient hepatic dysfunction, 6 of eruption, 5 of gastro-intestinal disorders, 1 of arthralgia and 1 of pyrexia were observed as side effects (some cases had side effects in overlap).
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PMID:[Clinical trials with amoxicillin (Pasetocin 'Kyowa') on infections of respiratory apparatus (author's transl)]. 127 87

Lomefloxacin has been shown to produce high and sustained concentrations in serum and bronchial mucosa after once-daily administration. This study was designed to assess whether a dose response exists for 400 mg lomefloxacin given once daily or twice daily for 10 days in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis of gram-negative etiology. A total of 100 adult patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were enrolled at 10 study sites in Germany. Patients with confirmed bacterial pathogens in the baseline sputum culture (once-daily group n = 49, twice-daily group n = 47) were eligible for analysis of bacteriologic and clinical efficacy. The eradication rates for the most frequently isolated baseline pathogens, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were at least 75% for both treatment regimens. Overall, once-daily treatment eradicated baseline pathogens in 42 of 49 (85.7%) patients, while twice-daily treatment eradicated pathogens in 43 of 47 (91.5%). This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.226). Clinically, 47 of 49 (95.9%) patients in the once-daily group and 46 of 47 (97.9%) in the twice-daily group were cured or improved (p = 0.307). Both regimens were well tolerated; there were no differences in the incidence (six patients in each group), types, or severity of adverse events, nor was there clinical evidence of theophylline interaction. The results of this study demonstrate that once-daily treatment with 400 mg lomefloxacin is as effective as twice-daily dosing with 400 mg in patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:A double-blind study of two dosage regimens of lomefloxacin in bacteriologically proven exacerbations of chronic bronchitis of gram-negative etiology. 131 79


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