Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pus from 46 patients with abscesses of the central nervous system (CNS) was examined for bacteria; bacteria were found in all patients. Streptococci were isolated from 36 patients and most isolates were Streptococcus milleri, Lancefield Group F, Ottens and Winkler type O III. Staphylococci were isolated from nine patients, organisms of the bacteroides group from 11, Proteus spp from seven, Klebsiella aerogenes from one, and Haemophilus aphrophilus from one. Pure cultures predominated over mixed cultures. Streptococci were isolated from abscesses of all types, and at all sites, but members of the Enterobacteriaceae and of the bacteroides group were isolated, in mixed cultures, principally from abscesses of the temporal lobe secondary to infection of the middle ear. Staphylococci predominated in abscesses that followed accidental or surgical trauma. Compared with fully sensitive control organisms, microbes infecting half the patients were resistant to penicillin. The prognosis of abscess of the CNS is grave, and the microbiological findings have important consequences for treatment. Prompt inoculation of specimens to culture plates and prompt incubation are mandatory if bacteria are to be cultured. Inhibitors of antimicrobial agents should be added to culture media if antibiotics have been administered. Provided that the site of the abscess and the antecedent history are ascertainable, the neurosurgeon should be able to start appropriate treatment while awaiting the results of culture.
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PMID:Bacteriology of abscesses of the central nervous system: a multicentre prospective study. 33 41

Cefamandole, a new cephalosporin derivative, was found to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against a cross-section of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated clinically. Gram-positive cocci, except for Streptococcus faecalis, were extremely susceptible to cefamandole; penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus also was highly susceptible. Minimal bactericidal concentrations for gram-positive cocci approximated the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Strains of Haemophilus influenzae were very susceptible to the drug. Most strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Proteus species were inhibited by low concentrations of cefamandole, Salmonella typhi, including ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains, was inhibited by low concentrations of cefamandole. Susceptible bacteria became increasingly resistant as the inoculum size was increased. Strains of Pseudomonas were resistant to cefamandole.
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PMID:Antibacterial activity of cefamandole in vitro. 34 95

The susceptibility of microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp. and Haemophilus influenzae) frequently occurring in outpatients (treated by practitioners) to six kinds of antibiotics [ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), erythromycin (EM), minocycline (MNC), gentamicin (GM) and thiamphenicol (TP)] was determined by the standard method established by the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. 1) There were few multiple-antibiotic-resistant urine isolates from patients with a simple urinary tract infection, whereas urine isolates from patients with a complicated urinary tract infection contained many multiple-antibiotic resistant organisms. 2) Isolates from patients with a respiratory tract infection (sputum and tonsillar secretions isolates) and isolates from patients with acute purulent otitis media (purulent discharge isolates) contained few multiple-antibiotic-resistant organisms except for EM-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes. 3) Superficial pus isolates contained many multiple-antibiotic-resistant organisms, while bile isolates were relatively free from multiple-antibiotic resistant organisms. 4) When the results of the previous8,9) and present investigations were compared with the reports of other Japanese investigators1,5,6), suggestive evidence was provided that organisms resistant to macrolides and chloramphenicol showed a tendency to decrease, whereas organisms resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics were on the increase.
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PMID:[Sensitivity of frequent-occurring isolates in outpatients to routinely-used antibiotics (author's transl)]. 38 8

Prior to June 1976, the isolation of gentamicin resistant organisms was an infrequent occurrence in North Canterbury Hospital Board institutions. During July 1976, 20 different gentamicin resistant organisms were isolated from patients in Christchurch Hospital. Gentamicin resistant organisms hav e been continually isolated from an increasingly wide area since then. The organisms involved are: providence species; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella species; E coli; Staphyloccus aureus; Proteus mirabilis; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Acinetobacter species; Enterobacter species; Haemophilus influenzae; Pseudomonas maltophilia CDC II F; Citrobacter species; Alcaligenes odorans and Pseudomonas species. The spread of gentamicin resistant organisms has occurred rapidly in the hospital environment. The importance of the urinary tract as a reservoir of microorganisms is indicated in this report.
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PMID:Gentamicin resistance in Christchurch hospitals. 38 94

A synergistic effect was shown with gentamicin and tobramycin by means of a triple layer agar technique and enzymatic inactivation of cefamandole after only four hours' incubation. When the strain is sensitive to cefamandole and aminoglycosides, synergy is observed against all the strains studied (Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, and Haemophilus influenzae). No significant difference was noted between the cefamandole-tobramycin and the cefamandole-gentamicin combinations when the microbial strains were sensitive to the three antibiotics.
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PMID:In vitro comparison of synergism between cefamandole and gentamicin or tobramycin by the triple layer agar method with enzymatic inactivation. 38 5

We report the development and testing of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with excellent sensitivity for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b (HI(b)) antigen in clinical specimens from patients with HI(b) meningitis. The assay, an indirect sandwich technique, uses polystyrene balls as a solid phase and an alkaline phosphatase-labeled goat anti-rabbit globulin conjugate. Specimens are incubated with polystyrene balls armed with burro anti-HI(b) antiserum, and recognition antibody is visualized by addition of alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-globulin, together with the enzyme substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Concentrations of antigen are determined from standard curves prepared by using purified HI(b) capsular antigen polyribophosphate. The assay reproducibly detects polyribophosphate at concentrations between 1 and 5 ng/ml. Cross-reactions have not as yet been encountered in simulated and authentic clinical specimens containing other species including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, group B Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis, and Listeria monocytogenes. In preliminary tests with 11 spinal fluid specimens, 2 serum specimens, and 5 urine specimens from patients with culture-proved HI(b) meningitis, antigen was detected in all specimens in concentrations ranging from 1 to 7,000 ng/ml. Antigen was not detected in any of 62 clinical specimens which were culture negative for HI(b), including 11 spinal fluid specimens from patients with bacterial meningitis caused by microorganisms other than HI(b). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique described here is considerably simpler than radioimmunoassay and, based on concurrent tests with 14 positive clinical specimens, may be more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis. It seems, therefore, to hold considerable promise for clinical use in rapid detection of systemic HI(b) infections.
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PMID:Indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. 39 14

A new aminoglycoside antibiotic, netilmicin, was tested against 306 clinical isolates from ill children and compared with sisomicin and gentamicin. Activity against Enterobacteriaceae was similar to that of gentamicin but less than that of sisomicin. Two gentamicin-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella, MIC 6.25 microgram/ml, Escherichia coli, MIC 12.5 microgram/ml) were susceptible to netilimicin (MIC 3.12 microgram/ml). Netilmicin was ineffective against almost all strains of Pseudomonas but active against the majority of strains of Staphylococcus, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae tested. Disc diffusion sensitivity results correlated in general with the agar dilution test. Netilmicin had little activity against Pseudomonas but may be useful in the treatment of infections due to gentamicin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
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PMID:In vitro activity of netilmicin (SCH 20569) against bacterial isolates from ill children. 41 47

The in vitro activity of HR 756, 7-[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(Z)-(methoximino)acetamido] cephalosporanic acid, was investigated against 659 isolates. HR 756 inhibited Neisseria and Haemophilus species at concentrations similar to those needed with ampicillin. It inhibited beta-lactamase-producing N. gonorrhoeae and H. influenzae. HR 756 was the most active compound tested against members of the Enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting most isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Enterobacter, and Shigella at concentrations of less than 0.1 mug/ml. It was twice as active as carbenicillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inhibited Bacteroides fragilis as well as cefoxitin. HR 756 killed E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and P. aeruginosa at rates similar to other beta-lactam antibiotics.
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PMID:HR 756, a new cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. 42 18

Cefadroxil (Duricef, Mead Johnson and Company), resembles cephalexin and cephradine in spectrum of antibacterial activity but differs in human pharmacokinetic properties. Whether the latter are likely to affect activity in vivo was assessed by determining bactericidal activity against clinical isolates under conditions simulating the variation of drug concentration in the blood stream after an oral dose of 500 mg to adults. In this kinetic model, cefadroxil was more active than cephalexin or cephradine against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenzae and one of two strains of Escherichia coli. The other strain of E. coli was virtually unaffected by the cephalosporins. S. pyogenes was equally susceptible to all three cephalosporins. Analysis of the results suggest that the pharmocokinetic properties of an antibiotic affect its activity in the blood stream, provided the susceptibility of the infecting organism is concentration-dependent within the range of drug concentration occurring in serum.
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PMID:Bactericidal activity of cefadroxil, cephalexin, and cephradine in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. 54 Dec 65

The authors studied, with the Autobac machine, the kinetics of antibacterial activity of fosfomycin against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus D' Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Acinetobactor lwoffi, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Proteus rettgeri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A correlation appears between the kinetics of fosformycin antibacterial action and the microbial growth rate.
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PMID:[Antibacterial kinetics of fosfomycin (author's transl)]. 54 59


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