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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and seventeen specimens of cerebrospinal fluid from 94 patients were examined for the presence of pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens using counterimmunoelectrophoresis and coagglutination tests. The coagglutination method using Phadebact reagents was as sensitive as counterimmunoelectrophoresis, but culture was a more sensitive diagnostic procedure than either test. A meningococcus coagglutination reagent, included in a prototype meningitis diagnostic kit, was also found to be as sensitive as counterimmunoelectrophoresis when tested on culture-positive cerebrospinal fluid specimens. Coagglutination tests for the detection of bacterial antigen are useful supportive tests when used in conjunction with direct microscopy and culture for bacterial pathogens.
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PMID:Comparison of Phadebact coagglutination tests with counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the detection of bacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid. 640 41

A five-center collaborative study was undertaken to determine the suitability of the Phadebact CSF test kit and the Phadebact group B Streptococcus reagent for routine use by clinical laboratories to detect antigens of common organisms causing bacterial meningitis. The kits employ staphylococcal protein A coagglutination to detect the antigens of Haemophilus influenzae types a, b, c, d, e, and f, Neisseria meningitidis groups A, B, C, Y, and W135, Streptococcus pneumoniae (83 serotypes), and group B Streptococcus. A total of 2,817 individual tests were performed on 577 cerebrospinal fluid specimens. The percent positive specimens detected by coagglutination was as follows: overall, 84%; H. influenzae, 97%; group B Streptococcus, 75%; S. pneumoniae, 71%; and N. meningitidis, 58%. Eighty-five of the specimens were also tested by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Coagglutination was more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis because it detected 74% of the positive specimens, whereas counterimmunoelectrophoresis detected only 65%. No false-positive results were obtained with coagglutination. The Phadebact CSF test kit is recommended for routine use in screening cerebrospinal fluid samples for antigens of the common organisms causing bacterial meningitis along with the Gram stain and culture for delayed confirmation of the rapid results.
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PMID:Evaluation of the Phadebact CSF test for detection of the four most common causes of bacterial meningitis. 641 56

Nonspecific agglutination of antibody-coated latex particles, unrelated to the presence of specific bacterial antigens, is a major difficulty with commercial latex particle agglutination tests. Rheumatoid and other factors are known to interfere with latex tests. We studied the use of six chelating, reducing, and anticoagulatory reagents in a rapid extraction of antigen procedure to free heat-stable antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b and group B streptococcus which had been added to human sera. We also screened sera for the incidence of nonspecific agglutination from the three following groups: 123 patients with positive serology tests, 112 hospitalized patients, and 87 blood donors. The rapid extraction of antigen procedure involved a 1:4 dilution of the sera with each of the six reagents, incubation at 100 degrees C for 3 min, and centrifugation at 13,000 X g for 5 min. Two commercial latex kits were tested (Bactigen and Wellcogen). Nonspecific agglutination was entirely eliminated by each of the six extraction reagents. Sera from 52% of the patients with positive serology tests, 29% of the hospitalized patients, and 28% of the blood donors showed nonspecific agglutination with Bactigen before extraction. Nonspecific agglutination was eliminated in all but one sample after the rapid extraction of antigen procedure. This simple, rapid extraction procedure eliminated nonspecific reactions in cerebrospinal fluids and amniotic fluids and reduced this problem in urines and sera with each commercial kit used on clinical specimens.
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PMID:Improved detection of bacterial antigens by latex agglutination after rapid extraction from body fluids. 643 35

Two commercially available kits were compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen polyribophosphate in clinical specimens with infections proved by culture. Methods employed by the kits were latex agglutination (LA) and staphylococcal coagglutination (COA). The COA kit detects H. influenzae type b and types a and c-f with a polyvalent antiserum, whereas the ELISA assay and the LA kit detect only type b. A total of 139 specimens (41 spinal fluid, 35 urine, 25 serum, and 38 sputum) were tested. All spinal fluid samples positive by culture were positive by all three procedures. Of urine specimens from patients with a variety of H. influenzae type b infections, 13 of 15 were positive by ELISA, 8 of 15 by COA, and 8 of 14 by LA. Of serum samples collected from the same patients at various times during their illness, 8 of 15 were positive by ELISA, 6 of 15 by COA, and 10 of 15 by LA. Of sputum samples positive by culture for H. influenzae type b, 14 of 17 were positive by ELISA, 9 of 17 by COA, and 4 of 16 by LA. The ability to detect additional serotypes of H. influenzae was shown by the COA kit, which detected H. influenzae type a in spinal fluid from a patient with type a meningitis proved by culture.
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PMID:Comparison of coagglutination, latex agglutination, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. 660 16

Comparison testing of the Directigen latex agglutination (LA) kit, the Phadebact coagglutination (COA) kit, and counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) demonstrated that the commercial LA reagents were slightly more sensitive than the COA reagents for the detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide types 2, 4, 8, 9, 12, 19, 23, 25, 51, and 56, and meningococcal polysaccharide from Group C. The COA reagents were slightly more sensitive than the LA reagents for the detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide type 6A. The sensitivity of LA and COA reagents for the detection of Hemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide, pneumococcal polysaccharide types 1, 3, 14, and meningococcal Group A were equivalent. Purified meningococcal polysaccharides of Groups B, C, and W135 were detected uniformly by CIE but not with the COA reagent. The COA reagent reacted with antigen of Groups B, C, and W135 from broth culture but with less sensitivity than CIE. In general, CIE was the least sensitive method for detecting bacterial antigens. In addition, the commercial CIE antisera for H. influenzae type b, or meningococcal polysaccharides were susceptible to false-negative results due to antigen excess.
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PMID:Evaluation of the Directigen and Phadebact agglutination tests. 661 Oct 86

During a 2-month period, 62 strains of Haemophilus ducreyi were isolated from 168 genital lesions and 2 lymph node aspirates. Of these strains, 22 were found on both chocolate agar and fetal bovine serum agar supplemented with vancomycin, 29 were found only on chocolate agar, and 9 were found only on fetal bovine serum agar. Two additional strains were isolated on sheep blood agar. All of these isolates were correctly identified with the RapID NH system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Decatur, Ga.) a new identification kit that has a database for Haemophilus, Neisseria, and other genera that include fastidious gram-negative bacilli.
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PMID:Isolation and rapid identification of Haemophilus ducreyi. 698 50

The recovery of upper respiratory tract bacteria on laboratory media from a variety of swabs and swab-transport media kits was examined. Organisms studied included strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae. Although a wide range of results was obtained with regard to variables such as the type of swab or swab-transport media kit used, the time of plating, the temperature of storage of swab-transport media kits, and the nature of the suspension of the organisms, it was generally noted that recovery of organisms was better from swabs held in their plastic containers prior to plating than from swabs held in transport medium.
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PMID:Swabs and swab-transport media kits in the isolation of upper respiratory bacteria. 704 Apr 85

The accuracy of the latex particle agglutination test (LPAT) was assessed in blood stained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 166 paediatric patients, aged from three months to 13 years. A commercial LPAT kit was used to detect Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis A, B, and C soluble antigens. Culture of CSF specimens was used as the standard and all laboratory procedures were performed blind. The mean CSF erythrocyte count was 66,406 cells/mm3 in the cases and 11,560 cells/mm3 in the controls. The sensitivity and the specificity of LPAT were 83.8 and 94.0%, respectively, suggesting that LPAT is a useful diagnostic tool even in blood stained CSF specimens.
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PMID:Blood stained cerebrospinal fluid responsible for false positive reactions of latex particle agglutination tests. 787 87

Three oligonucleotide probes, complementary to tetM sequences, were labelled non-radiometrically using the DIG-oligonucleotide tailing kit and evaluated for their specificity for the detection of plasmid mediated tetracycline resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Only Probe 3, 5'-GCT CAA CAA TTC TGT TCC AGC-3', was specific for tetM. It hybridized with the tetM-containing 25.2-MDa plasmids from all of the 232 TRNG and the 130 PP/TRNG isolates used in the study. Its sensitivity, determined by dot-blot hybridization, was 0.1 pg of pJ13 plasmid DNA or 10(4) cells. It did not hybridize with the DNA from non-PPNG, CMRNG and tetracycline susceptible isolates from seven other Neisseria species (N. meningitidis, N. subflava, N. cinerea, N. lactamica, N. sicca, N. mucosa, and N. flavescens), Moraxella spp. and Haemophilus influenzae. Probe 3 also hybridized to DNA of three tetracycline resistant P. magnus (MIC = 16 micrograms ml-1) isolates which presumptively carried the tetM determinant. Therefore, probe 3 can be used by reference laboratories as a confirmatory test for TRNG, as well as isolates from other genera containing the tetM determinant.
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PMID:Detection of the tetM determinant in Neisseria gonorrhoeae using a non-radioactively labelled oligonucleotide probe. 796 93

During a 36-month period 83 cases of bacterial meningitis were seen, giving an overall annual incidence rate of 134 per 10(5) population. The highest incidence was seen in infants (930 per 10(5) infants) and 59% of the patients were 0-5 years of age (incidence rate 207 per 10(5) children). Pathogens were successfully identified in 80% of the cases, by employing a combination of microscopy and antigen detection using a commercially available latex agglutination kit. Neisseria meningitidis was identified in 58%, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 29%, Haemophilus influenzae type b in 11% and dual infection with H. influenzae type b and S. pneumoniae in 3% of the cases. Serogrouping was successfully performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) deposits from 8 cases of meningococcal meningitis; 7 belonged to serogroup C and 1 to serogroup Y. There was a significant difference in the geometric mean age of meningitis caused by the three organisms. There was no seasonal or geographical clustering of cases caused by N. meningitidis. Although admissions for severe pneumonia in children less than 5 years of age peaked during the cold dry season (July-October), this was not associated with a similar peak in meningitis admissions caused by H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae. The overall case fatality rate was 15.7%, and the highest case fatality rate was found in infants (28%). Meningitis caused by H. influenzae was associated with the highest case fatality rate (29%) and N. meningitidis with the lowest (8%), but the difference was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis occurring in a Pacific Island population. 805 50


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