Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Early replicator subculturing of blood specimens after 4 to 16 h of incubation detected 135 of 217 (59%) of all positive cultures, including 56 of 64 (87%) Haemophilus influenzae type b, 7 of 22 (32%) Staphylococcus aureus, 19 of 20 (95%) pathogenic streptococci, and 20 of 24 (83%) Enterobacteriaceae. The mean time to detection of the common pediatric pathogens (36 h) was significantly less than that of contaminants (85 h) (P less than 0.001). Blind subculturing to differential media aided in the rapid identification of isolates and the detection of mixed cultures. In addition, a method of obtaining rapid susceptibilities of blood and body fluid isolates to selected antibiotics by blind subculturing to antibiotic-containing media was evaluated. Immediate susceptibility information was obtained for 214 of the 245 (87.3%) isolate-antibiotic combinations. There was complete correlation with a standard Kirby-Bauer reading for 94.9% of these observations. Replicator blood subculturing before 24 h of incubation results in early detection of the majority of pediatric pathogens. The inoculation of additional differential and antibiotic-containing media with each blind subculture aids in rapid identification of isolates and may give limited, but clinically important, immediate susceptibility information.
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PMID:Early detection and preliminary susceptibility testing of positive pediatric blood cultures with the Steers replicator. 91 93

A 2 year-old child admitted for Haemophilus meningitis was immediately treated by adequate antibiotic treatment. Three days later multiple hypertonic strokes and periodic respiration occurred; a resuscitation was necessary. CAT scan showed an acute hydrocephalus with non visible 4th ventricle and low-density areas in both cerebellar hemispheres allowing the diagnosis of cerebellar infarction. External drainage of CSF was rapidly performed and maintained for 11 days with success. The child was secondarily discharged with temporary cortical blindness and persistent moderate static cerebellar signs. The etiology of the cerebellar infarction was likely to be an arterial thrombosis in the vertebro-basilar area, probably secondary to cerebral arteritis related to Haemophilus.
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PMID:[Acute hydrocephalus drained in emergency. Consequence of cerebellar infarction in Haemophilus meningitis]. 350 37

In trachoma the interaction between chronic chlamydial and acute bacterial conjuntivitis has been suggested as important in determining the severity of disease and, therefore, blindness. We investigated the effect of acute conjunctival infection with each of three common human pathogens, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus aegyptius , and Streptococcus pneumoniae, in a model of trachoma established in cynomolgus monkeys. Although acute conjunctivitis developed, animals with trachoma were not more susceptible to infection than other monkeys, nor did they develop more severe disease as a result of the bacterial conjunctivitis. The failure of bacterial conjunctivitis to exacerbate the experimental trachoma indicates that, in this model at least, chronically maintained chlamydial infection alone is sufficient to produce the changes characteristic of trachoma.
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PMID:Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma. 660 86

Meningitis is most likely in children under the age of 5 years, with a smaller peak in incidence in young adults aged 15-19 years. Following the incorporation of Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) and group C meningococcus vaccines into the UK childhood immunisation schedule, the incidence of disease caused by these pathogens has declined. However, bacterial meningitis remains a severe illness that can cause death and, among survivors, morbidity (e.g. complications such as deafness, blindness, brain damage, loss of limbs). The role of corticosteroids in preventing such outcomes in bacterial meningitis has been widely researched over the last 40 years. Here we review the current evidence for the effectiveness and safety of corticosteroid use in the management of children with acute bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Steroids for bacterial meningitis in children? 1830 95

Rhomboids are a remarkable class of serine proteases that are embedded in lipid membranes. These membrane-bound enzymes play key roles in cellular signaling events, and disruptions in these events can result in numerous disease pathologies, including hereditary blindness, type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and epithelial cancers. Recent crystal structures of rhomboids from Escherichia coli have focused on how membrane-bound substrates gain access to a buried active site. In E. coli, it has been shown that movements of loop 5, with smaller movements in helix 5 and loop 4, act as substrate gate, facilitating inhibitor access to rhomboid catalytic residues. Herein we present a new structure of the Haemophilus influenzae rhomboid hiGlpG, which reveals disorder in loop 5, helix 5, and loop 4, indicating that, together, they represent mobile elements of the substrate gate. Substrate cleavage assays by hiGlpG with amino acid substitutions in these mobile regions demonstrate that the flexibilities of both loop 5 and helix 5 are important for access of the substrates to the catalytic residues. Mutagenesis indicates that less mobility by loop 4 is required for substrate cleavage. A reexamination of the reaction mechanism of rhomboid substrates, whereby cleavage of the scissile bond occurs on the si-face of the peptide bond, is discussed.
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PMID:Insights into substrate gating in H. influenzae rhomboid. 2129 83

Background: Trachoma, a neglected tropical disease, is the leading infectious cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Host responses to ocular chlamydial infection resulting in chronic inflammation and expansion of non-chlamydial bacteria are hypothesized risk factors for development of active trachoma and conjunctival scarring. Methods: Ocular swabs from trachoma endemic populations in The Gambia were selected from archived samples for 16S sequencing and host conjunctival gene expression. We recruited children with active trachoma and adults with conjunctival scarring, alongside corresponding matched controls. Findings: In children, active trachoma was not associated with significant changes in the ocular microbiome. Haemophilus enrichment was associated with antimicrobial responses but not linked to active trachoma. Adults with scarring trachoma had a reduced ocular bacterial diversity compared to controls, with increased relative abundance of Corynebacterium. Increased abundance of Corynebacterium in scarring disease was associated with innate immune responses to the microbiota, dominated by altered mucin expression and increased matrix adhesion. Interpretation: In the absence of current Chlamydia trachomatis infection, changes in the ocular microbiome associate with differential expression of antimicrobial and inflammatory genes that impair epithelial cell health. In scarring trachoma, expansion of non-pathogenic bacteria such as Corynebacterium and innate responses are coincident, warranting further investigation of this relationship. Comparisons between active and scarring trachoma supported the relative absence of type-2 interferon responses in scarring, whilst highlighting a common suppression of re-epithelialization with altered epithelial and bacterial adhesion, likely contributing to development of scarring pathology.
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PMID:Conjunctival Microbiome-Host Responses Are Associated With Impaired Epithelial Cell Health in Both Early and Late Stages of Trachoma. 3155 95