Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in 68 patients to evaluate whether quantitative determination of PRP in body fluids obtained at admission or measurement of the duration of its presence helped identify patients at risk for complications. Geometric mean admission PRP concentrations in CSF, blood, and urine increased with severity of disease, but individual values varied greatly. Measurements of the duration of antigenemia and antigenuria also varied widely and were best predicted by the admission or peak PRP concentration. The mean duration of both antigenemia and antigenuria increased with severity of disease. In contrast, the elimination half-life of PRP did not differ significantly with severity of hospital course, peak PRP concentration in blood or urine, or patient age. Clearance from CSF could not be accurately assessed, but PRP was detectable in only six of 41 patients in whom spinal fluid was obtained after the eighth day of hospitalization; all had complicated courses. Although latex particle agglutination assay is a valuable aid in rapid diagnosis of invasive Hib infections, the predictive value of antigen quantitation at admission and the determination of its duration in body fluids is limited by the wide range of observed values.
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PMID:Value of antigen quantitation in Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. 669 Jun 72

A 4 1/2-month-old infant had three separate episodes of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection and did not produce antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of H influenzae b. Immunologic evaluation disclosed normal immunoglobulin and complement concentrations and normal T-cell number and function. In view of the persistent presence of type-specific capsular polysaccharide of H influenzae b (polyribophosphate [PRP]) in blood serum without any detectable anti-PRP antibody for 30 days following H influenzae b meningitis, monthly treatment with immune human serum globulin was undertaken until spontaneous production of anti-PRP antibody occurred. The patient's 4-year-old sibling was found to be a nasopharyngeal carrier and may have been a source for reinfection. A search for possible family carriers should be conducted in evaluating the conditions of patients with recurrent invasive H influenzae b infection. In addition, temporary treatment with immune human serum globulin should be considered.
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PMID:Management of recurrent invasive Haemophilus influenzae infection. 697 37

Complexes containing proteins, capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitolphosphate [PRP]), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had been isolated from the supernatants of cultures of Haemophilus influenzae type b and were found to elicit rabbit antibodies to PRP much more effectively than did purified PRP vaccine. Similar complexes have now been prepared, in which the LPS content and endotoxic activity are greatly reduced. One such preparation, called polysaccharide-protein complex (PC), elicited antibodies to PRP in a "boostable" pattern in weanling rabbits and antibodies to the somatic components of H. influenzae type b, primarily LPS. PC greatly exceeded PRP in the in vitro stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation by mononuclear leukocytes from human peripheral blood; the response occurred in T cells rather than in B cells. Lymphocyte stimulation by conventionally purified PRP appeared to be due to a small residuum of material that resembled PC.
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PMID:A polysaccharide-protein complex from Haemophilus influenzae type b. I. Activity in weanling rabbits and human T lymphocytes. 697 1

A polysaccharide-protein complex prepared from Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eagan was used as test antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human serum antibodies. With washing buffer that did not contain detergent, the assay detected antibody to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to non-LPS somatic antigens as well as to polyribosylribitolphosphate (PRP. With buffer that did contain detergent, antibodies to LPS were not detected, whereas detection of antibodies to the non-LPS somatic components and to PRP wa unimpeded. Similarly, purified LPS could be used as test antigen with the former buffer only. IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to non-LPS somatic antigens were prevalent in healthy adults and children, and levels increased in 14 of 15 patients recovering from meningitis due to H. influenzae type b; IgG was the predominant class. Antibodies to LPS were prevalent but at lower concentrations, and IgM was the predominant class; levels increased in 12 of the 15 patients.
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PMID:A polysaccharide-protein complex from Haemophilus influenzae type b. II. Human antibodies to its somatic components. 697 2

The prevalence of natural mucosal antibody to the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitolphosphate [PRP]) of Haemophilus influenzae type b in adults at multiple secretory sites and the relationship between natural serum and mucosal antibodies with respect to their amount and fine binding specificity were examined. All of 16 lactating women had antibody to PRP in serum and mammary samples; 11 of 14 studied had nasal antibody and 12 of 14 had salivary antibody. The amount of serum antibody to PRP in an individual positively correlated with the amount of mucosal antibody at each of the three secretory sites examined, and the antibody amount between certain secretions were also positively correlated. Antibody to PRP that is cross-reactive with Escherichia coli K100 or Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6 capsular polysaccharides was detected in the secretions of seven and one subjects, respectively, but the amount was not correlated with serum cross-reactive antibody.
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PMID:Relationship between naturally occurring human mucosal and serum antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. 698 Sep 56

A direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antigen. Using polystyrene as the solid phase and peroxidase-labelled rabbit antibody the assay detected the antigen in concentrations of 0.1 ng/ml. Linearity was achieved within the range of 1ng to 10 microgram/ml. Subtle measurements of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antigen in body fluids are possible through ELISA which is superior to counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex-particle agglutination in this respect. ELISA should facilitate investigations concerning PRP pathogenic effects in experimental Hib infection as well as in human Hib disease.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide detection and measurement by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 701 64

Polysaccharide-protein complex prepared from Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eagan was evaluated for toxicity and immunogenicity in adult volunteers given intramuscular injection. Most subjects had moderate local inflammation that was maximal the day after vaccination. No lot of vaccine significantly exceeded a saline placebo in production of systemic symptoms. Neither the local nor the systemic reactions of individual subjects appeared to be related to prevaccination serum antibody titers. Serum antibody responses to the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitolphosphate [PRP]) component were detected in approximately 80% of the subjects. The PRP content of the vaccine antigens varied, and the rate and extent of responses were as expected for an equivalent dose of purified PRP vaccine. Antibody responses were not enhanced by aluminum phosphate. There was no booster response to a second injection given after six months. Responses to the residual lipopolysaccharide component occurred in 80% of the subjects, primarily in the IgG class. Responses to the nonlipopolysaccharide somatic components were detected less frequently.
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PMID:A polysaccharide-protein complex from Haemophilus influenzae type b. III. Vaccine trial in human adults. 703 78

Serum samples from 1,221 Ecuadorian children 0 to 5 years of age and from 236 German subjects were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for class-specific antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b (PRP antigen). A gradual prevalence increase of and mean titer increase in immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was seen in Ecuadorian but not in German children older than 6 months. At the end of the first year of life, about 50% of the Ecuadorian children showed IgM and IgG antibody to PRP. Seroepidemiological analysis revealed that living at a low altitude and lower calorie intake (a proxy measure of breast-feeding) were factors associated with earlier acquisition of PRP antibody. Children from low-altitude areas of Ecuador also experienced significantly more episodes of significant respiratory infections. The acquisition of PRP-reactive antibodies in Ecuadorian children might thus reflect exposure to encapsulated H. influenzae type b in lower respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Antibody response to polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate antigen of Haemophilus influenzae in Ecuadorian and German children. 749 16

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a significant pathogen for young children, and three Hib vaccines (named PRP-OMPC, HbOC, and PRP-T) are currently available for young children. Extensive studies of anti-Hib polysaccharide (PS) antibodies (Abs) have shown that the V regions of Abs against the Hib PS comprise a VH gene in the VH3 gene family and a VL gene from various K kappa and V lambda subgroups. To study immunogenic properties of the three vaccines in young children, we determined the VL subgroups and avidities of anti-Hib-PS Abs induced by the three clinically available conjugate vaccines. Ab avidity was measured by determining the concentration of a Hib-PS oligomer that abrogates half of the binding of immunoglobulin G anti-Hib-PS Abs to microwells. The PRP-OMPC vaccine induced lower-avidity Abs than the prelicensure HbOC vaccine (P = 0.05). When we compared anti-Hib-PS Abs expressing V kappa Ia, V kappa II, and V lambda subgroups, a greater Ab response was induced by the prelicensure HbOC vaccine than other vaccines (P < 0.05). When anti-Hib-PS Abs with the V kappa III subgroup were compared, however, both PRP-T and prelicensure HbOC vaccines induced a comparable response, which in turn was greater than those induced by the PRP-OMPC or the postlicensure HbOC vaccine (P < 0.001). The VL repertoire of Abs induced with the prelicensure HbOC or PRP-T vaccine in young children is dominated (about 80%) by anti-Hib-PS Abs using subgroup V kappa II. However, anti-Hib-PS using V kappa II VL accounts for only about 40% of the total anti-Hib-PS Abs induced with the PRP-OMPC vaccine or the postlicensure HbOC. Our data suggest that immunogenic properties of Hib vaccines in young children vary depending on the vaccine preparations as well as the vaccine types.
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PMID:The V-region repertoire of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide antibodies induced by immunization of infants. 759 Oct 50

Immunogenicity of one dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine in infancy and its ability to induce immunologic memory was studied in infants immunized at 4 and 14 months with either PRP-OMP (Hib polysaccharide conjugated with Neisseria meningitidis group B outer membrane protein complex) or PRP-T (Hib polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate) and compared with three doses of the same vaccines at 4, 6, and 14 months. Each group received diphtheriatetanus-pertusis vaccine at 3, 4, and 5 months of age. At 7 months of age, both vaccines were immunogenic after one dose, even though higher antibody concentrations were achieved after two doses. A booster dose given at 14 months resulted in a high antibody concentration and a strongly IgG-dominated isotype distribution, speaking for a secondary-type response in all groups, including those who had received only one dose in infancy. Subsequent persistence of antibodies suggestive of full protection for up to 36 months was similar in all groups.
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PMID:Immunologic priming by one dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in infancy. 759 63


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