Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With the objective of determining if specific sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are associated with prematurity (birth weight less than or equal to 2500 g and gestational age less than or equal to 36 weeks), a case-control study was conducted to evaluate women for serologic evidence of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infection and microbiologic evidence of cervical infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Haemophilus species and vaginal infection with genital mycoplasma, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Enterobacteriaceae. Gram stains of vaginal secretions were evaluated for bacterial vaginosis. Among 166 cases and 175 controls, infection with N. gonorrhoeae was associated with preterm birth. Four percent of controls and 11% of cases were infected with N. gonorrhoeae (odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2-7.2). This association was independent of age, rupture of membranes, and hypertension. Other STDs were not associated with preterm birth. The attributable risk of gonococcal infection was 14%. Gonococcal infection appears to be responsible for a substantial proportion of premature births and is theoretically preventable by antenatal case detection and treatment.
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PMID:Maternal gonococcal infection as a preventable risk factor for low birth weight. 231 31

In a systematic screening programme for neonatal infections involving 16,008 births, Haemophilus influenzae was isolated in 14 mother-infant couples (0.8 to 1,000 births). Comparisons with other series published in the U.S.A. showed similar circumstances of occurrence and initial clinical manifestations. However, the course of the infection was different, since there was no septicaemia or meningitis in our series. This raises the question of whether the strains responsible for the disease in the U.S.A. have a particular aggressiveness that is unidentifiable by serotype or biotype. In view of the post-partum occurrence of pelvic infections after isolation of H. influenzae during high risk deliveries, asymptomatic parturient women should be treated prophylactically. The 14 strains of H. influenzae isolated, most of them non capsulated and 2/3 of them of biotype IV, probably were of genital origin, although there was no evidence of cervico-vaginal infection. These results are consistent with the concept of genitotropic H. influenzae.
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PMID:[Maternal-fetal Haemophilus influenzae infections]. 295 59

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the 4-quinolones ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, difloxacin, A-56620, and CI-934 are consistent world-wide, with allowances for differences in acquired resistance. MICs of these drugs for Enterobacteriaceae correlate with those of nalidixic acid, but resistance to the quinolones is rare if a breakpoint of greater than 2 mg/L is accepted. Most intestinal pathogens are sensitive. Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other Pseudomonas species except Pseudomonas maltophilia are usually sensitive. Ciprofloxacin is generally the most active of the 4-quinolones against these organisms. All of the new agents have antistaphylococcal activity, but that of norfloxacin and ofloxacin is borderline. Against streptococci, including enterococci and pneumococci, the drugs' activity is moderate or poor. Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis are very sensitive. Gonococci and meningococci are also highly sensitive to the new agents, but activity against Chlamydia trachomatis and the mycoplasmas is borderline. The organisms associated with nonspecific vaginal infection are not very sensitive. Anaerobes except Bacteroides ureolyticus and Clostridium perfringens are mostly resistant.
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PMID:Comparative activity of the 4-quinolones. 327 1

The author alleges that any knowledgeable physician owning a vaginal speculum and a microscope should rarely find the need for using the diagnosis, "non-specific" vaginitis, and that its too frequent use might well imply carelessness, indifference or a failure to employ available diagnostic methods. The suggestion is made that if the term "non-specific" vaginitis is to be retained in gynecologic nomenclature it should be assigned its rightful position and should include only those conditions without assignable etiology. The evidence shows that Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis, Corynebacterium vaginale) vaginitis is a precisely defined, specific vaginal infection, that the disease is sexually transmitted and that it accounts for most vaginitides previously classified as "nonspecific".
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PMID:"Non-specific" vaginitis: a non-entity. 660 24

Vaginal infection occurs at some time in the majority of women. Most such infections are caused by Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Gardnerella (Hemophilus) vaginalis. Some less common--but in many cases increasingly prevalent--causes include herpes-virus type 2, papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma T strains, and toxic shock syndrome.
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PMID:Vaginal infections. How to identify and treat them. 668 72