Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Establishing a diagnosis in swine herds on the basis of previous histories, clinical symptoms and/or pathological lesions is becoming increasingly difficult for veterinarians. The services of a laboratory for performing serological examinations are therefore increasingly enlisted. Some aspects are described in the present paper, which are essential to an optimum serodiagnosis of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infections, Aujesky's disease, influenza and parvovirus infections.
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PMID:[Serological studies on swine. Significance and interpretation of laboratory results for clinical practice]. 303 46

The number of preschool-aged children who attend day care has increased dramatically in recent years. Factors promoting spread of infections in this setting include crowding, lack of hygiene, high prevalence of early exploratory behaviors, and the likelihood of many susceptible children being in close contact. As a result, children attending day care experience a great number of episodes of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness than do other children. Moreover, the risk of a number of specific infections, including Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis A, is increased by attendance in day care. Day-care staff are at increased risk of a number of infections, some of which, including cytomegalovirus and parvovirus B19, may have adverse consequences to a fetus. The presence of children in day care increases the risk of illness among staff and family members and may promote the circulation of infections in the community as a whole.
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PMID:Infections in day care. 837 25

Sickle cell disease is associated with frequent and often severe infections as a result of immune function impairment and functional asplenia. Also, infection can trigger a vasoocclusive crisis. Pneumococcal bacteremia and meningitis are so severe as to warrant prophylactic penicillin therapy, which has provided a dramatic decrease in early mortality. Bacterial pneumonia is common in patients younger than four years, with most cases being due to S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Acute chest syndrome is both a difficult differential diagnosis and a common concomitant of bacterial pneumonia. Osteomyelitis is generally due to a salmonella, most often S. enteritidis; multiple foci are common and treatment is difficult, with some patients developing chronic osteomyelitis with sequestration. Parvovirus B 19 infection causes acute bone marrow failure. Malaria does not result in cerebral malaria but can lead to severe anemia or vasoocclusive crisis, and should therefore be effectively prevented. Antimicrobials are generally selected for efficacy against pneumococci (septicemia, meningitis), Salmonella (septicemia, meningitis, osteomyelitis), and mycoplasmas (pneumonia). Prophylactic therapy is of paramount importance and relies on long-term or lifelong penicillin therapy started at four months of age and on closely-spaced immunizations, most notably against pneumococci, the hepatitis B virus, S. typhi, and H. influenzae. Resistant pneumococcal strains have not been reported to cause prophylactic treatment failures. Conjugated pneumococcal vaccines are effective in protecting infants and should therefore be used in sickle cell patients.
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PMID:[Infection and sickle cell anemia]. 1008 75

The medical literature contains a large number of publications attempting to correlate blood groups with disease. Many of these reports are poorly documented and have limited scientific validity. Only a few agents, such as malaria parasites and parvovirus B19, infect red blood cells (RBCs) and precursors. Most other agents use RBCs as carriers to the target tissue. There is an excess of blood group A individuals among cancer patients compared with normal individuals; malignancy has also been associated with the Lewis antigen. Plasmodium vivax only enters RBCs when the Fy6 Duffy protein is present. Certain Escherichia coli organisms will only attach to epithelial cells carrying P or Dr blood group antigens. The P antigen Is also the receptor for parvovirus B19. Le(b) appears to be the receptor for Helicobacter pylori in gastric tissue. The high frequency blood group antigen AnWJ is the receptor for Haemophilus influenzae. Knowledge of the functions of RBC surface molecules Is expanding and the ability to generate experimental animals devoid of certain molecules will clarify their physiological role.
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PMID:The role of blood group antigens in infectious diseases. 1079 86

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) predisposes a child to infections for various reasons, including increased bone marrow turnover, poor perfusion and functional asplenia leading to decreased opsonisation of polysaccharide encapsulated organisms. Bacteria and viruses that most frequently cause serious infections in children with sickle cell disease are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, parvovirus B19 and hepatitis A, B and C viruses. Penicillin prophylaxis has decreased the incidence of infection-related morbidity and mortality significantly in children with SCA. Children <3 years of age are administered oral penicillin 125mg twice daily, and the dose is increased to 250mg twice daily for the >3 to 5 year age group. Adherence to the penicillin prophylactic regimen is recommended for children with SCA who are >5 years of age. For children with SCA who have recurrent invasive pneumococcal infections, an effort is made to keep the child on penicillin prophylaxis indefinitely. The administration of various childhood vaccines has also made an appreciable impact on the overall morbidity and mortality associated with infection in children with SCA. The administration of the heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) has provided control of invasive pneumococcal infections, and the prophylactic use of the H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine has reduced the incidence of septicaemia and meningitis caused by this organism. Other vaccines used prophylactically in children with SCA include hepatitis A and B, and vaccines against influenza and varicella viruses. The immediate administration of intravenous antibacterials, after appropriate blood and urine cultures, is of great importance in the treatment of the febrile child with SCA. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime have been recommended for the treatment of septic episodes in SCA associated with S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus and Salmonella spp. Infection with Yersinia enterocolitica may be treated with cefotaxime or an aminoglycoside. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in SCA is unknown. Effective therapies include metronidazole, tetracycline or amoxicillin. Parvovirus infections require supportive care and specific antiviral therapy is not indicated. The judicious use of antimicrobials is encouraged in view of the worldwide emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. The long term sequelae associated with infections in children with SCA can be decreased with the implementation of immunisation programmes and effective and prompt treatment with appropriate antibacterials.
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PMID:Prevention and management of infection in children with sickle cell anaemia. 1173 65

Serum samples from 78 European wild boars (Sus scrofa) harvested during the 1999-2000 hunting season were tested for antibodies to Brucella spp., classical swine fever virus, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Haemophilus parasuis, Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Salmonella serogroups B, C, and D, Streptococcus suis, and swine influenza virus (SIV) serotypes H1N1 and H3N2. Samples were collected from Sierra Morena and Montes de Toledo in southcentral Spain. Antibodies were detected to PRV (36%), L. interrogans serovar pomona (12%), PPV (10%), E. rhusiopathiae (5%), SIV serotype H1N1 (4%), Salmonella serogroup B (4%), and Salmonella serogroup C (3%). Our results suggest that more research is needed to describe the epidemiology of infectious diseases of Spanish wild boars.
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PMID:Antibodies to selected viral and bacterial pathogens in European wild boars from southcentral Spain. 1223 91

Arthritis caused by infectious agents can be secondary to direct invasion of the joint space or to immune mechanisms (subsequent to or concomitant to an infection). Septic arthritis refers to a situation when bacteria can be cultured in synovial fluid. Arthritis can complicate for example meningococcemia or infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Haemophilus influenzae. Reactive (postinfectious) arthritides are an important diagnostic category within a pediatric rheumatology practice. Yersinia and, less frequently, Salmonella, play an important role in postdiarrheal disorders. The arthritis that can ensue is usually oligoarticular and occurs 1-2 weeks after the enteric infection. Reiter's syndrome, rare in the pediatric age, is characterized by the triad urethritis-conjunctivitis-arthritis. Postviral arthritides can occur after a variety of viral infections, including Parvovirus B19, rubella, and others (e.g. hepatitis B, Epstein-Barr virus, chickenpox, mumps). Especially in patients with acute arthritis, the presence of preceding infections should always be investigated. Although the majority of postinfectious arthritides are self-limiting in nature and do not require specific treatment, conditions such as Lyme borreliosis and rheumatic fever can be associated with significant morbidity, and sometimes can be even lethal.
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PMID:[Arthritis and infections]. 1617 97

Serum samples collected from 178 shot wild boars (Sus scrofa) were tested for the presence of antibodies against classical swine fever virus, Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus, swine influenza virus, porcine parvovirus (PPV), swine vesicular disease virus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Brucella spp. and Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) throughout Slovenia during the hunting season 2003/2004. The number of samples corresponds to 3% of the total hunting bag. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies against ADV were detected in 55 sera (31%), against PRCV in five sera (3%), PPV in 87 sera (49%), APP in 93 sera (52%), M. hyopneumoniae in 38 sera (21%), Salmonella spp. in 85 sera (47%) and HPS in 33 sera (18%).
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PMID:A serological survey of selected pathogens in wild boar in Slovenia. 1646 Mar 52