Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was done to analyze the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in Bochum city area. Forty-eight children with invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections were treated at the University Children's Hospital in Bochum during the study period from January 1971 to June 1992. Clinical manifestations included meningitis (n = 34), epiglottitis (n = 8), pneumonia (n = 2), bacteremia (n = 2), cellulitis (n = 1) and osteomyelitis (n = 1). The overall yearly incidence rate for all invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections was 13 per 100,000 children younger than five years of age, with a marked increase in the last six years. Haemophilus influenzae meningitis showed no significant change during the study period with an overall yearly incidence of 9 per 100,000 children younger than five years. Twenty-eight cases (58%) of all invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections occurred in patients under two years of age and five cases (10%) were younger than six months. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease showed no seasonal prevalence. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin. No deaths occurred, but severe bilateral deafness resulted in one patient with meningitis. Prospective epidemiologic studies are needed to estimate clinical efficacy of the Haemophilus influenzae type b immunization program in Germany.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in a German city. 819 7

Hemophilus aphrophilus, a gram negative, capnophilic slow growing bacillus, is a rarely recognized pathogen in meningitis and is most frequently seen in patients with either endocarditis or brain abscess. This article reported one case with Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis. A 10-year-old boy presented at the emergency room with chief complaint of fever for 2 days and sudden onset of loss of consciousness. Hemophilus aphrophilus was isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Aqueous penicillin and chloramphenicol were given for three weeks. The patient discharged without any sequelae. Three months later, fever and consciousness disturbance were noted again. No pathogen was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and blood culture this time, but CSF finding was consistent with bacterial meningitis. Aqueous penicillin and chloramphenicol were readministered for 30 days. The patient recovered smoothly. Because the patient had no history of CSF rhinorrhea or hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrence of the bacterial meningitis could be due to incomplete treatment during the first admission. Brain computed tomography (CT) done during the two admissions showed focal cortical enhancement in the fronto-temporo-parietal region. This is presumed to indicate infarction over these regions. The findings of brain CT are in accordance with the development of hemiplegia in the patient. It is still unknown, however, whether Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis also causes a higher incidence of brain infarction, which was frequently noted in patients with Hemophilus influenzae meningitis.
 ...
PMID:[Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis: report of one case]. 823 62

The authors describe a series of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in childhood, obtained with a retrospective analysis of the cases of bacterial meningitis admitted to Isolamento Pediatrico department of "A. Gemelli" Polyclinic in Rome, from January 1, 1970 to December 31, 1994. Haemophilus influenzae resulted the second agent in frequency (first was Neisseria meningitidis). Main features were: no patient was older than 5 years, and most of them were less than 2 years old; clinical feature was aspecific in the first year of life, it was typical of bacterial meningitis in older children; blood culture and detection of bacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were useful for etiological diagnosis, supporting CSF culture; clinical course was characterized by many complications, but no case was lethal and incidence of sequelae at discharge was low; C reactive protein was effective as index of inflammation and as indicator of arising complications; chosen antibiotics were efficacious, but frequency of antibiotic resistance, especially to beta-lactams, was found to be increasing; results of dexamethasone therapy were not of univocal interpretation. The authors are in favour of spreading of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae in Italy, too, in order to eradicate this disease, as experiences in other countries are successful, and of setting up of the combined vaccines, in order to increase parents' compliance to vaccinal practices.
 ...
PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae disease in childhood. Comment about case reports of meningitis]. 892 62

Haemophilus influenzae has been a major cause of infectious diseases in children and has been attributed as a significant cause of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in children. With the advent of widespread vaccination, the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis and other infections has been well documented. This is thought to be the first report that documents the effect of vaccination on bone and joint infections. One hundred sixty-five cases of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis or septic arthritis treated at the Department of Orthopaedics at Vanderbilt University in the years before and after the advent of the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine to assess whether vaccination affected the incidence of these diseases. The data indicate that the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine has reduced to near 0 the incidence of bone and joint infections because of Haemophilus influenzae. These findings suggest that coverage of Haemophilus influenzae as part of the empiric antibiotic coverage may be no longer needed in the management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children.
 ...
PMID:Decline of bone and joint infections attributable to haemophilus influenzae type b. 926 65

We present 2 cases of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. The first is a patient with atypical simptomatology: abdominal pain, fever and two days later pain in the back of his legs. Abdominal pathology was not found. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed polymorphonuclear cells, hyperproteinorachia and lowered glucose. CSF culture revealed Haemophilus influenzae, blood culture was sterile. The second had suffered surgery at maxilar and ethmoid sinuses four years before, and unknown germ meningitis 6 months before. Haemophilus influenzae was isolated from CSF cultures and CSF rhinorrhea was detected by isotopic cisternography.
 ...
PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis: typical and atypical presentation]. 957 77

Most human pathogens are acquired through mucosal portals of entry, and replicate in the mucosal tissues. Subsequently, the infecting agent may invade the blood stream and produce disease at distant systemic sites. However, a large number of pathogenic organisms are limited to development of disease only at the site of initial mucosal replication. Studies carried out with naturally acquired infections and mucosally delivered vaccines have provided strong evidence for the existence of a common mucosal immune system in the organized lymphoid follicles in respiratory and intestinal epithelium, and in the mucosa of genital tract, mammary glands, conjunctiva, upper airways, and the middle ear cavity. Mucosal application of live attenuated oral poliovaccine (OPV), rubella virus vaccine (RA 27/3), adenoviruses, influenza A virus, rotavirus, salmonella, and cholera vaccines have demonstrated consistent development of secretory IgA, serum antibody, and cellular immune responses. Mucosal immunization appears to result in preferential expression of several integrins and cell adhesion molecules associated with homing of lymphocytes to mucosal sites of immunization. Induction of mucosal immune responses often result in specific protection against reinfection challenge and against illness. Replicating agents introduced via the parenteral route also result in the development of mucosal responses and protection against systemic illness. Parenteral immunization with non-replicating agents often fails to induce specific mucosal responses. Such immunization, however, is quite effective in mounting high levels of serum antibody with development of protection against systemic illness. Parenteral vaccines, such as enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine (eIPV), Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and other non-mucosal vaccines, have been highly effective in preventing systemic disease during subsequent exposure to natural infection. Recent evidence has shown that parenteral immunization can also be quite effective in inducing varying degrees of functional mucosal antibody responses as detected by ELISA and less frequently by neutralization. Systemic illnesses such as poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis and community circulation of these agents has been eliminated or significantly limited in many parts of the world with the exclusive use of inactivated vaccines. Based on these observations, it is suggested that development of serum immunological responses are effective in the prevention of systemic disease regardless of the types of vaccines or route of their administration. However, induction of pathogen-specific antibody or cellular immunity at the mucosal sites is best elicited by mucosal application of the antigen.
 ...
PMID:Mucosal responses to parenteral and mucosal vaccines. 985 24

Our paper presents a clinico-biological and therapeutical study of the cases admitted in Infectious Diseases Hospital between January 1984-December 2001. We studied the records of all the patients that suffered from meningitis with Haemophilus influenzae. In above mentioned period 40 cases of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis was admitted; 6 patients (15%) died. A number of 13 cases was registered for the first five years, mainly in the childhood-32 cases (80%) for infants. Bacteriological diagnosis was made by bacterioscopia for 16 patients, bacteriological cultures-30 patients, latex test, performed in the last five years, in 8 cases. In patients who died, the bacteriologic culture was positive in 5 cases and bacterioscopia in 4 cases. The therapy was performed in resonance with antibiograme results for the involved strains. The Haemophilus influenzae meningitis is an acute and severe disease of the childhood, with an important risk of death, despite the rigorous therapeutical measures.
 ...
PMID:[Hemophilus influenzae meningitis- the experience of infectious diseases department between 1984-2001]. 1263 89

We present a case of meningitis caused by Hemophilus influenzae type b in an immunocompetent 41-year-old Saudi lady. The patient was successfully treated with Ceftriaxone for 10 days. A review of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults and the impact of conjugated vaccine on the epidemiology of the disease are given.
 ...
PMID:Hemophilus influenzae serotype-b meningitis in an adult immunocompetent patient. 1288 17

The Haemophilus influenzae b is one of the main germs causing bacterial meningitis in children in countries where the vaccine anti-Haemophilus influenzae b is not widely used. In Madagascar, no epidemiological study on this germ has been carried out. The objective of this research is to assess the role of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in Antananarivo and to determine its epidemiological aspects and evolution. A multicentric study coordinated by the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar included all children less than 15 years old with infectious syndromes associated to a syndrome of meningial irritation and/or convulsion and/or coma. These children were admitted in the pediatric service of the three main hospitals in Antananarivo from June 1998 and June 2000. A lumbar puncture was performed on each child; the cerebrospinal fluid was set aside for cytobacterial and biochemical controls completed with an antimicrobial sensitivity testing and a soluble antigens research. Out of 160 case studies, the Haemophilus influenzae b arrives at the second place among the agents causing bacterial meningitis in children. This type of bacteria is the source of 32% of meningitis after the Streptococcus pneumoniae (34%). It affects 96% of children less than two years old, with a maximal frequency before the age of one year. The lethality rate is 28.6% and the neurological sequelae were observed in 31.4% of patients. Haemophilus influenzae is sensitive to the third generation cephalosporins but shows high resistance to chloramphenicol (42%), amoxicillin (29%) and gentamicin (22%). The relatively high frequency as well as the high lethality rate caused by the Haemophilus influenzae b meningitis, affecting selectively the children under two years old, bring in the need to introduce the anti-Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine in the national vaccination program in Madagascar. This vaccine has proved to be efficient in many countries where it has been used. Furthermore, in the probabilistic treatment of bacterial meningitis in children, the third generation cephalosporins should be used in the first place.
 ...
PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae, the second cause of bacterial meningitis in children in Madagascar]. 1525 50

To investigate the kinetic Th1/Th2 immunopathogenic mechanisms of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, we established a murine experimental model of meningitis and elucidated the Th1/Th2 immune responses in T1/T2 doubly transgenic mice based on a BALB/c background under the control of the IFN-gamma (interferon-gamma)/IL-4 (interleukin-4) promoters respectively. NTHi (non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae) meningitis was induced in these mice by inoculation with either a colonized (CNTHi) or invasive (INTHi) strain of NTHi. Mice inoculated with CNTHi displayed a less severe degree of disease in terms of clinical symptoms, mortality rate and brain histopathology. Conversely, INTHi-inoculated mice had more severe clinical symptoms. CNTHi-inoculated mice had a more significant Th1 response in terms of a higher percentage and longer maintenance of Th1 cells, and more production of IFN-gamma from strain-specific antigen-stimulated splenocytes than INTHi-inoculated mice. In contrast, INTHi-inoculated mice had a more significant Th2 response. This was due to a significant increase in IL-4-producing CD4(+) T-cells (Th2 cells) and more production of IL-4 from strain-specific antigen-stimulated splenocytes accompanied by a rapid decline of Th1 cells in INTHi-inoculated mice. In conclusion, the preferential Th1/Th2 trend in this murine model of NTHi meningitis is correlated with clinical severity as well as isolated characteristics of the pathogens themselves.
 ...
PMID:Kinetic Th1/Th2 responses of transgenic mice with bacterial meningitis induced by Haemophilus influenzae. 1662 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>