Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have analyzed the clinical significance of secondary infections associated with lung cancer patients. The incidence of secondary infections was 51.4% in 214 in-patients with lung cancer admitted to our institution in 1988 and 1989, and almost all of them had respiratory tract infections. The incidence was high in patients with cell types other than adenocarcinoma, and in those with hypoproteinemia, impaired cellular immunity and obstruction of the airway. The prognosis in patients with infection was much poorer than that in patients without infection. Major causative pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These pathogens except for H. influenzae were isolated at the terminal stage, in cases with airway obstruction and in post cancer-chemotherapeutic phase. The efficacy rate of 194 chemotherapeutic regimens against infection was 57.7%. Although the efficacy rate in 1988 and 1989 exceeded that in the 1970s, there was no significant difference in the efficacy rate between monotherapy (57.1%) and combined therapy (59.3%). The effectiveness was very poor for infections caused by P. aeruginosa and MRSA, or for cases with airway obstruction and marked impairment of pulmonary blood flow. The above results showed that a new combined therapy as well as the measures to improve the general condition of compromised hosts are required in the treatment of secondary infections in these patients.
 ...
PMID:[Respiratory infections associated with lung cancer]. 137 Oct 46

An attempt was made to interpret the clinical significance of secondary infections associated with lung cancer. The incidence of secondary infections was 51.4% in 214 in-patients with lung cancer in our institution in 1988 and 1989, and almost all of them had respiratory infections caused by commonly encountered bacteria. The incidence of infection was high in lung cancer of cell types other than adenocarcinoma, and in those with hypoalbuminemia, impaired cellular immunity and obstruction of the airway. The prognosis in patients with infection was much poorer than that in patients without infection. Major pathogens responsible for infection were Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These pathogens, except for H. influenzae, were isolated in the terminal stage in cases with airway obstruction and post cancer chemotherapy. The efficacy rate of 194 therapeutic regimens against infection was 57.7%. It was thus found that the efficacy rate in 1988 and 1989 exceeded that in the 1970s. The effectiveness was very poor for infections caused by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and for cases with airway obstruction and marked impairment of pulmonary blood flow. The efficacy rate of single-drug regimens was 57.1% (80/140) and that of combined regimens was 59.3% (32/54). The above results indicate that a new combined therapy which includes a beta-lactam antibiotic as well as measures to improve the general health of compromised hosts are required in the treatment of secondary infections in these patients.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical significance of respiratory infections associated with lung cancer patients]. 140

Clinical evaluation, safety and kinetics in serum of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been studied in a multicenter trial participated by 28 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 13 months from March 1987 to March 1988. 1. Mean peak serum levels of SBT and CPZ in 35 patients up to 4 hours after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were 38.2 +/- 17.3 micrograms/ml for SBT and 104.3 +/- 31.4 micrograms/ml for CPZ. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ were 0.76 hour and 1.53 hours, respectively. These results were in similar ranges to those reported elsewhere for SBT/CPZ. 2. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were not significantly prolonged in patients with moderate liver or kidney dysfunctions. 3. Clinical efficacy rates of SBT/CPZ in 217 patients were 93.1% (81/87) for pneumonia, 93.3% (14/15) for lung abscess, 78.9% (15/19) for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 57.1% (4/7) for diffuse panbronchiolitis, 72.4% (21/29), 74.4% (32/43) and 100% (9/9) for infections concurrent to bronchiectasis, chronic respiratory disease and pulmonary emphysema, respectively. Those were 50% (1/2) for bronchitis associated with lung cancer and 66.7% (4/6) for empyema. The overall efficacy rate was 83.4% (181/217). 4. Clinical efficacy rate of SBT/CPZ for pneumonia in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumoconiosis, etc, was 85.3% (29/34) and was not significantly different from the efficacy rate of 98.1% (52/53) in patients without these underlying diseases. 5. Of 30 patients who failed to respond of previous antibiotic treatments, 21 were effectively treated by SBT/CPZ. 6. Bacteriological eradication rates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 42.9% (9/21), 87.5% (14/16) and 100% (5/5), respectively. The overall eradication rate in all cases including polymicrobial infections was 72.8% (67/92). 7. The high levels of peak serum concentration of CPZ, and the difference between serum levels of SBT and of CPZ seemed to contribute to the high clinical efficacy. 8. Adverse reactions occurred in 2.8% (6/217) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash and diarrhea. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in 8 patients during the study. These were elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, and eosinophilia. 9. SBT/CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections as it has become available just in time when increase in resistant organisms to beta-lactams is notable.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections]. 219 54

Postoperative bronchopleural fistulas, although reduced in incidence, remain as a grave complication of pulmonary resection. In our department, cases of lung cancer have been rapidly increasing and those of infectious diseases have been decreasing. In light of this trend, the causes of bronchopleural fistulas may have changed, and thus we studied recent cases of postoperative bronchopleural fistulas from 1982 to 1986. Bronchopleural fistulas were seen in 5 (7.8%) of 64 cases of inflammatory diseases and in 19 (4%) of 481 cases of lung cancer. In lung cancer, bronchopleural fistulas were more frequently seen with advanced cases, especially in cases of residual tumors on the stump and in cases of intrathoracic use of anticancer drugs. The highest incidences of bronchopleural fistulas were seen with right pneumonectomy and right lower lobectomy. Bronchoscopic examination showed bronchopleural fistulas to be mainly located on the stump beside the residual lobe. When Sweet's procedure is employed, this is the point with the most tension on the stump. Clinical and retrospective analysis of preoperative data revealed the following factors to be significantly higher in cases of bronchopleural fistulas than in cases of non-bronchopleural fistulas: fever, use of steroid hormone, Haemophilus influenzae in sputum, elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation ratio and anemia. Such analysis of postoperative data showed the following factors to be significant: fever, use of steroid hormone, leucocytosis, tracheostomy and bronchoscopy for sputum suction.
 ...
PMID:[Study of postoperative bronchopleural fistulas--analysis of factors related to bronchopleural fistulas]. 276 24

In a six month prospective study during the winter Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from the sputum of 63 patients with symptoms of bronchopulmonary infection: 49 isolates were in pure culture and 14 were with another pathogen, Haemophilus influenzae being the commonest (found with 10 of the 14 B catarrhalis isolates). Of 36 patients infected in the community, 26 required admission to hospital. The remaining 27 patients were infected while in hospital. Forty four of the 63 isolates produced beta lactamase; 26 of these had been acquired in the community. As a result 29 patients were treated inappropriately with ampicillin and did not respond to this treatment. beta Lactamase produced by B catarrhalis may also protect other pathogens normally susceptible to beta lactam antibiotics. Most patients had chronic lung diseases or lung cancer, but three otherwise healthy patients who did not smoke developed bronchitis. B catarrhalis contributed to the death of five patients. A survey of the antibiotic prescribing habits of the referring general practitioners together with the sensitivity results of B catarrhalis suggest that changes in antibiotic prescribing habits in the community may be responsible for the increase in B catarrhalis infection.
 ...
PMID:Increase in bronchopulmonary infection due to branhamella catarrhalis. 308 17

Twenty patients (10 males and 10 females), ranging in age from 53 to 81 years, were treated with ceftazidime, 2-3 g/day i.m., for 12 to 15 days. All patients were suffering from moderate to severe infections of the lower respiratory tract (6 cases of pneumonia and 14 cases of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis). In addition, almost all patients presented severe local and general predisposing factors (three patients with lung cancer, two with bronchiectasis and 14 with respiratory insufficiency). The aetiological agents responsible for the infections were mainly Gram-negative bacteria (6 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 Haemophilus influenzae, 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3 Proteus strains). The clinical and microbiological results of the treatment were good. With the exception of one case of maculopapular rash, none of the patients complained of adverse reactions and no toxic effects were observed.
 ...
PMID:Position of ceftazidime in respiratory diseases. 391 88

Accurate prevalence and incidence figures do not exist on a global basis, yet available data suggest that acute respiratory infections in children represent a problem of enormous magnitude. World Health Organization (WHO) data from 88 countries representing 1/4 of the world's population indicate that there are over 666,000 deaths annual from acute respiratory infections. Assuming that nonreporting countries have similar mortality rates, it can be calculated that there are at least 2.2 million deaths from acute respiratory infections throughout the world each year. Despite the enormity of the problem, relatively little is known about the factors that contribute to these deaths in children or adults, or about the extent to which they are due to unusual severity of the disease, lack of access to the health care system, and institutional or social factors. The causative agents are unknown. More knowledge is needed to mount an effective program for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infections. In Costa Rica mortality from this disease is 12 times higher in malnourished infants than in those of normal weight. Data from Papua, New Guinea indicate that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae are common etiologic agents. More data of this kind are needed from different countries. Also needed is information on the availability and use of adequate medical care. People in developed countries run a greater risk of dying from lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases than do people in developing countries, but the chances of dying from acute respiratory infections generally exceed those of dying from lung cancer or cardiovascular disease in the developing countries. When evaluating the seriousness of a public health problem it is important to consider the number of years of life that have been lost as well as morbidity and mortality. If there are 2.2 million deaths in the world from acute respiratory infections in children under the age of 1 year, then each year there are almost 200 million death years lost because of acute respiratory infections in the world. Thus, on a global scale acute respiratory infections represent a public health problem of greater magnitude than either heart disease or cancer. The fact that the annual WHO budget for heart disease is at least 50 times higher than the budget for all forms of respiratory disease represents seriously misplaced priorities. Properly organized research programs into the etiologic agents involved in acute respiratory infection, together with data collection on other contributing factors, are required so that effective prevention and treatment programs can be initiated.
 ...
PMID:Acute respiratory infections in children. A global public-health problem. 670 Jun 93

We carried out a prospective study involving 96 consecutive lung cancer patients at diagnosis, in order to determine through quantitative cultures of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, the prevalence of pulmonary infections; we also evaluated the relationship between a patient's performance status, immunocompetence, lung cancer stage, histotype and the occurrence of respiratory infections. The patients (81 males, 15 females) had a mean age of 64 +/- 9 years. Of these, 62 were smokers, 30 were ex-smokers and four had never smoked. Sixty-seven patients had a prior history of chronic bronchitis. A total of 42 micro-organisms were cultured from the BAL fluids of 33 patients (34.3%). Fifty percent of these micro-organisms were gram-negative, 33.3% were gram-positive and the remaining 16.7% were other micro-organisms. The bacilli most often isolated were the Haemophilus species, accounting for 38.8% of all gram-negative bacilli. The most frequently isolated gram-positive pathogen was the Staphylococcus aureus. We have not found a significant relationship between the presence of a respiratory infection and the different cell types separately analyzed, nor with SCLC and NSCLC patient groups, nor with the stage of the disease. The performance status, the immunoregulatory ratio and the lymphocyte subsets were not significantly different in patients with or without a pulmonary infection. We think that the identification of a definite etiologic agent is of great importance for a rational anti-microbial treatment of pulmonary infections.
Lung Cancer 1994 Sep
PMID:Pulmonary infections in lung cancer patients at diagnosis. 781 1

We examined retrospectively the pattern of respiratory infection in 579 patients with lung cancer admitted to Nagasaki University Hospital during the past 15 years. A total of 139 patients (24.0%) developed respiratory infection. The rates of pulmonary infection associated with large (36.2%) and small cell carcinomas (33.6%) were significantly higher than those with squamous cell carcinoma (26.0%) and adenocarcinoma (17.3%). Advanced stages of lung cancer were associated with higher complication rates (stage I: 6.3%, stage II: 15.9%, stage III: 27.9%, and stage IV: 33.8%). Deceased patients showed a significantly higher rate of pulmonary infection than alive patients during the period of investigation. Isolated organisms in excess of 10(7) cfu/ml in sputum or 10(4) cfu/ml in bronchial aspirate were mainly gram-negative bacteria (68.8%), such as Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The number of patients infected with gram-positive bacteria increased markedly after 1982. Our results suggest that a successful control of pulmonary infection associated with lung cancer is important in improving the prognosis of lung malignancy.
 ...
PMID:The pattern of respiratory infection in patients with lung cancer. 782 74

162 pulmonary infection episodes were observed in 94 patients with lung cancer undergoing antineoplastic therapy. 80 (40%) episodes occurred during leukopenia. Elevation of leucocyte count was seen in 12 episodes only. Elevated body temperature was the only sign in 20 episodes, of which in 7 cases microorganisms were cultured from the blood. Purulent pulmonary infections were observed in 71 episodes, in 66 the causative agent was identified. Purulent urinary tract infections were observed in 29 episodes, of which in 28 the microorganisms were identified. A coexistent pulmonary and urinary tract infection was seen in 13 cases, of which in all the causative agent was identified. Purulent infections of the nasopharyngeal mucosal membranes were observed in 16 cases, while herpes zoster in 13. The most often isolated organism in these cases were: Gram negative rods (E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Hemophilus influenzae); less commonly Gram positive bacteria were isolated, mainly Staphylococcus aureus. Candida sp. was the most common fungus that was isolated from these patients. In four cases Candida was isolated from blood.
 ...
PMID:[Pulmonary infections in patients with lung cancer during antineoplastic therapy]. 814 61


1 2 3 Next >>