Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute epiglottitis, a fulminating infection in the supraglottic tissue due to Haemophilus influenzae type B can cause relentlessly progressive airway obstruction in infants, children and sometimes in adults. Rapid infection and swelling of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds causes airway obstruction which can be relieved by endotracheal intubation. The systemic infection and septicaemia must be treated by the appropriate intravenous antibiotics. Acute epiglottitis must be differentiated from viral laryngotracheitis or "croup" which is very common and from pseudo-membranous bacterial tracheitis which is rare. A protocol for management of acute inflammatory airway obstruction must involve an orderly sequence of diagnostic and therapeutic measures, instituted without delay.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis. 178 58

Acute epiglottitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) is seldom described in Chile. To reinforce the need to take this severe entity into account in the differential diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract obstructions, the case of a 9 month old girl is described, who's symptoms were initially attributed to acute laryngitis, but showed not response to racemic epinephrine and betamethasone therapy. The correct diagnosis of acute epiglottitis was suggested five hours after admission by lateral neck's radiographs and confirmed by direct laryngoscopic examination under general anesthesia. Appropriate treatment was soon instituted including tracheal intubation respiratory support and antibiotics. An uneventful clinical course proceeded from then on. Hemophilus influenzae B was isolated from blood cultures.
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PMID:[Acute epiglottitis]. 184 65

Acute epiglottitis, a life-threatening illness, is characterized by the sudden onset and rapid progression of respiratory obstruction. The etiologic agent is almost exclusively Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). During the past decade as many as 25% of strains of Hib have been shown to produce beta-lactamase and be resistant to ampicillin. Recommendations for treatment, in addition to the immediate intubation of the airway, include the administration of chloramphenicol in combination with ampicillin. The combination of sulbactam and ampicillin was evaluated in an effort to develop a safer, but equally effective, regimen. Thirty-one infants and children (mean age, three years six months) with documented acute epiglottitis received parenteral sulbactam sodium (30 mg/kg per day) in combination with ampicillin (200 mg/kg per day). Of the 31 subjects, 26 (84%) had Hib isolated from the blood; seven (27%) of the 26 strains of Hib isolated were beta-lactamase-positive. Twenty-five cases (96%) of Hib epiglottitis responded rapidly to treatment. The combination of sulbactam and ampicillin appeared to be an effective and safe alternative to chloramphenicol/ampicillin therapy for acute epiglottitis in infants and children.
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PMID:Sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of acute epiglottitis in children. 302 14

Sore throat can be caused by different microorganisms and diseases. Most cases of acute pharyngitis are caused by group A streptococcus or viruses; however, uncommon organisms may be suggested by other clinical information or the persistence of symptoms. A thorough history and physical examination are essential for the appropriate selection of diagnostic tests for sore throat. Routine testing for the uncomplicated case should consist of a pharyngeal culture in most patients, with rapid streptococcal antigen testing only for the more severe cases. Those with positive streptococcal tests should be treated to prevent rheumatic fever and mitigate symptoms in severe cases. Sore throat caused by viruses usually resolves spontaneously. Cases that persist should be thoroughly re-evaluated, with alternative causes being considered. Acute epiglottitis is a medical emergency and requires treatment with appropriate antibiotics for Hemophilus influenzae type b and intubation.
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PMID:The sore throat. Pharyngitis and epiglottitis. 307 5

Acute epiglottitis is seldom encountered in adults, but the condition is probably more frequent than reported in the literature. Nineteen cases of adult epiglottitis were analysed retrospectively. In 53% of the patients, the symptoms were present for less than 24 h prior to hospitalization. Sore throat and dysphagia were invariably present. Three patients presented with stridor and 2 with complete airway obstruction. Throat cultures from 5 patients grew beta-haemolytic streptococci and from 2 Haemophilus influenzae type B was grown. Two tracheotomies and 1 nasotracheal intubation were performed. One death occurred. It is emphasized that any adult with an acute sore throat and dysphagia should undergo indirect laryngoscopy and that blood cultures should always be part of the routine bacteriological investigation. Cooperation and understanding among otolaryngologists and anaesthesiologists is of paramount importance in the management of acute adult epiglottitis, as nasotracheal intubation and cricothyroidotomy appear to be the methods of choice in securing an airway. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol are recommended in the medical treatment.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis in adults: bacteriology and therapeutic principles. 332 11

Acute epiglottitis is a life threatening infection of the supraglottic structures. It more commonly occurs in early childhood but affects all age groups. Haemophilus influenzae type B is the usual pathogenic organism. The disease may progress so rapidly that sudden upper airway obstruction will occur, resulting in hypoxic brain damage or death. A retrospective study was completed on all patients (242) admitted to the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto with a diagnosis of acute epiglottitis from January 1976 to December 1985. Prior to 1976, tracheotomy was the more common form of airway control but during the 10-year period reviewed endotracheal intubation was utilized almost universally in the 85% of patients having airway control and was associated with equally low morbidity. Airway obstruction prior to admission to the Hospital for Sick Children resulted in the subsequent deaths of five patients and persistent neurological deficits in four other surviving patients. The emergence of resistant strains of Haemophilus B organisms has altered antimicrobial management.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis: decade of change--a 10-year experience with 242 children. 365 99

Acute epiglottitis is a true pediatric emergency. The intense inflammation of the supraglottic larynx may completely obstruct the larynx within several hours. This infection is secondary to infiltration of Hemophilus influenzae type b (HIB), and 90% to 95% of patients have positive blood cultures. During this period of generalized septicemia HIB involvement of other soft tissue sites may occur. The goal of this article is to alert otolaryngologists to the possibility of extraepiglottitic HIB involvement. In particular, HIB meningitis, concurrent with supraglottitis, will be discussed. Although the overall incidence of multiple site involvement is relatively low, it is important to be aware of the possibility, since the outcome may be significantly altered.
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PMID:Supraglottitis and concurrent Hemophilus meningitis. 405 4

Acute epiglottitis is a fulminating infection of young children, requiring urgent and specific treatment. Most cases are caused by infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b. Only a few cases, nearly all of them fatal, have been reported from Britain, but probably many others go unrecognized. Of four cases seen by us in the past six years three survived, having responded rapidly and completely to treatment. This consisted chiefly of measures to deal with respiratory tract obstruction and parenteral administration of antibiotics. There is need for a widespread awareness of the existence, presenting features, and extreme urgency for treatment of this disease.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis: challenge of a rarely recognized emergency. 530 53

Acute epiglottitis, which is almost exclusively caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, was studied retrospectively in children 0 to 15 years old in a defined region of southwest Sweden from 1971 through 1980; 211 patients with clinically well-documented acute epiglottitis were found. The age-specific incidence was 14/100,000/year, which was higher than the incidence of H. influenzae meningitis. The median age was 4 years. Because 96% of the patients were older than 18 months, disease in those patients could theoretically have been prevented by the purified H. influenzae polysaccharide vaccine. Only a few patients had underlying diseases. In 186 patients an artificial airway was established. Even though all patients survived without sequelae, the large incidence of the disease emphasizes the importance of H. influenzae in older children.
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PMID:Incidence and prognosis of acute epiglottitis in children in a Swedish region. 633 44

A 60-year-old man, who had non-insulin-dependent diabetes but was otherwise in good health, was hospitalized for sudden upper airway obstruction and respiratory arrest. Findings on fiberoptic laryngoscopy were consistent with acute epiglottitis. Blood cultures and factor analysis later revealed that the responsible pathogen was Hemophilus parainfluenzae. Acute epiglottitis in the adult is no longer considered rare and is usually attributed to H influenzae. The case described here and two other cases reported elsewhere indicate that H parainfluenzae may also be a cause of this serious and often fatal infection of the upper respiratory tract.
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PMID:Acute Hemophilus parainfluenzae epiglottitis in an adult. 637 52


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