Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines were evaluated for immunogenicity in eliciting anti-polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) antibodies in infant rhesus monkeys. Animals received intramuscular injections of either Hib polysaccharide (PRP)-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex or Hib oligosaccharide-CRM197 (HbOC) conjugate vaccines on d 0, 28, and 56. Because HbOC contains the CRM197 mutant diphtheria toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae as its protein carrier, the effect of simultaneous injection of diphtheria toxoid on the immunogenicity of HbOC also was evaluated by dividing monkeys vaccinated with HbOC into three groups: HbOC/saline, HbOC/diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and HbOC/tetanus toxoid (coadministration of HbOC and other vaccine or placebo injected into the flank muscle of different legs). Infant monkeys vaccinated with the PRP-outer membrane protein complex conjugate responded with anti-PRP antibody after the first dose and showed booster responses after the second and third injections. In contrast, infant monkeys vaccinated with HbOC did not respond after three doses of HbOC/saline or HbOC/tetanus toxoid. However, two of three monkeys given concurrent injections of HbOC and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids did respond. The nonresponder monkey to three doses of HbOC and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids did respond to a subsequent injection with PRP-outer membrane protein complex. Thus, concomitant administration of diphtheria toxoid, a common vaccine for human infants, is necessary to elicit an anti-PRP antibody response to HbOC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in infant rhesus monkeys. 200 Feb 53

A 61-year-old man who presented with clinical features suggestive of septic arthritis was found to have acute septic polyarthritis due to Haemophilus influenzae (type b). The clinical and laboratory diagnoses of the case are presented, and the isolates of H. influenzae are characterized. Four isolates recovered from different sites had identical minimal inhibitory drug concentrations, outer membrane protein patterns, and genomic DNA restriction digests. These observations indicate that the disseminated infection arose from a single source. The patient developed antibody to several outer membrane proteins, particularly the P6 protein.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae polyarthritis in an adult: an analysis of serotype b strains. 201 33

We studied the immunologic responsiveness to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis group b outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine (PRP-NOMP) in children 2 to 42 months of age with vaccine dosages containing 7.5, 15, or 30 micrograms of PRP. Overall, PRP-NOMP was highly immunogenic. Geometric mean titers of anti-PRP antibody increased from 0.09 to 3.3 mg/L and 6.6 mg/L following each dose of vaccine, respectively, in the 2- to 18-month age group. Similarly, anti-PRP antibody geometric mean titers increased from 0.12 to 5.9 mg/L in the older than 18-month age group. However, we noted an apparent inverse relationship between vaccine dosages and immune responses following two doses of PRP-NOMP in 2- to 18-month-old children. Anti-PRP antibody geometric mean titers were 12.0, 6.9, and 3.5 mg/L, respectively, after the second dose of vaccine containing 7.5, 15, or 30 micrograms of PRP. Additional studies are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for this inverse relationship and also to determine the optimal dosage of PRP-NOMP for young children.
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PMID:Dose-related immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine. 158 Sep 9

The safety and immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide conjugate vaccine linked to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis (Hib-OMP) were evaluated among Apache and Navajo infants and children. One dose of the Hib-OMP was given to 42 children who were from 12 and 60 months of age. Ninety-two infants 6 to 8 weeks old were given one dose of Hib-OMP at the time of enrollment. A subsequent dose of the vaccine was given 2 months later and a third dose was offered between 12 and 15 months of age. All of the 12- to 60-month-old children achieved a protective antibody concentration (greater than 1 microgram/ml) 1 month postvaccination. Among the 6- to 8-week-old infants only 11% of the Apaches and 8% of Navajos had a protective anti-PRP antibody concentration prevaccination. One month post vaccination 68% of the Apaches and 69% of the Navajos had protective anti-PRP antibody concentrations. One month after the second immunization 67% of the Apaches and 75% of Navajos had protective anti-PRP concentrations. Among the infants that received the third (booster) immunization (N = 28) 74% had protective anti-PRP antibody titers just before the booster immunization. One month after the booster immunization all of the infants had protective concentrations of anti-PRP antibody. We conclude that the Hib-OMP is safe and highly immunogenic among Apache and Navajo infants and children.
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PMID:Safety and immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in a high risk American Indian population. 206 19

The occurrence of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antigenemia and antigenuria following immunization was studied in 48 healthy 2-month-old infants. Each received a conjugate vaccine consisting of H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide covalently linked to Neisseria meningitidis serotype b outer membrane protein at 2 and 4 months of age. Infants were alternated at enrollment for collection of blood and urine after either the first or second dose. Specimens were obtained "early" (2-3 days) after immunization and "late" (7 days) after immunization and assayed for antigen. Antigen was detected in the serum of 3 (6%) of 48 infants, uniformly in the "early" specimen obtained after the first dose of vaccine. Antigenuria occurred in 37 (80%) of 46 infants; for greater than or equal to 7 days in 12 (26%). Antigenuria was frequent after administration of the vaccine but antigenemia was not. These data should be considered in the evaluation of an infant with suspected H. influenzae type b invasive disease.
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PMID:Distribution and excretion of capsular antigen after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine. 210 66

In 1985, the first capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol-phosphate [PRP]) vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b was licensed and recommended for routine use in children between 24 and 60 months of age. In the United States, approximately 75% to 90% of invasive disease due to H influenzae type b occurs in infants younger than 24 months, a population for whom H influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine is inadequately immunogenic and protective. In an effort to enhance the immunogenicity of H influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine for children in the most susceptible age groups, conjugate vaccines have been developed in which the capsular PRP of H influenzae type b has been bound to a variety of carrier proteins, thereby conferring the vaccines with thymic-dependent attributes. One such conjugate vaccine, in which the carrier protein is diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D), was licensed in 1987 and has been recommended since 1988 for routine use in children 18 months of age and older. A second conjugate vaccine, in which an oligosaccharide derivative of H influenzae type b capsular PRP is coupled to CRM, a nontoxic mutant diphtheria toxin (oligo-CRM), was licensed in 1988 and is a sanctioned alternative to PRP-D. Another investigational conjugate vaccine, in which the polysaccharide is linked to the outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis group B (PRP-OMPC), has been demonstrated to be both safe and immunogenic when administered in a two-dose schedule to 2- to 6-month-old infants. However, anti-PRP antibody levels decline significantly during the ensuing 10 to 15 months; they rise significantly in response to booster doses of either PRP or PRP-OMPC administered 10 to 15 months after the initial priming doses of PRP-OMPC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of concurrent administration of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (meningococcal protein conjugate) with either measles-mumps-rubella vaccine or diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and oral poliovirus vaccines in 14- to 23-month-old infants. 210 19

Immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol-phosphate [PRP]) has resulted in limited and variable antibody radioimmunoassay in infants younger than 2 years of age. Although an H influenzae type B vaccine has been in use for several years, it is not used now for the age group at greatest risk for disease. In an effort to enhance immunogenicity, PRP has been coupled to various carrier proteins and to an outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) from Neisseria meningitidis group B. The latter approach has yielded a vaccine that elicits a good antibody response after a single 15-micrograms dose of vaccine in infants as young as 2 months of age, as measured by radioimmunoassay and immune bacteriolysis. In this report we describe the results of a pilot study using this H influenzae type B conjugate vaccine, PedvaxHIB, in children from 2 months to 4 years of age. Three different vaccine lots were examined for consistency of response. Sera were measured for antibody levels by radioimmunoassay and for functional activity using an opsonophagocytic assay using human adult neutrophils. These assays correlated well and demonstrated the excellent immune response and biologic activity of sera from infants vaccinated with this unique H influenzae type B conjugate vaccine.
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PMID:Opsonophagocidal activity in sera from infants and children immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (meningococcal protein conjugate). 210 21

Several Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines have been licensed and recommended for administration to children in the United States. These vaccines have consisted of purified polyribosylribitol-phosphate (PRP), the capsular polysaccharide of H influenzae type b, alone or covalently bound to one of several carrier proteins. Two of these saccharide-protein conjugate vaccines are now licensed, a polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate (PRP-D) and an oligosaccharide-mutant diphtheria toxin conjugate (HbOC). Two others, a polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein conjugate (PRP-OMPC) and a polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T), are currently in clinical trials. One concern with the use of PRP vaccine was the suggestion that the incidence of invasive disease caused by H influenzae type b in the immediate period after immunization might be increased; this idea was supported by evidence from several sources. In a case-control study of the efficacy of PRP vaccine, Black et al found that 4 children were hospitalized for invasive disease within 1 week of immunization, a rate of invasive disease 6.4 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1 to 19.2) than the background rate in unvaccinated children. In Minnesota, the relative risk for invasive disease in the first week after immunization was 6.2 (95% CI, 0.6 to 45.9), and the results of a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control in six areas of the United States revealed a 1.8-fold (95% CI, 0.3 to 10.2) increase in the occurrence of invasive disease caused by H influenzae type b in the first week after immunization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in the immediate period after homologous immunization: immunologic investigation. 210 22

Recent studies in the United States and Europe have shown that Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines can induce protective antibody levels in young infants, but it was not clear that this would be the case in African infants, to whom H influenzae vaccines must be given at a very early age to prevent disease caused by H influenzae. Therefore, antibody responses to an H influenzae type b polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine were measured in very young Gambian infants. In the first group (n = 85), to whom the vaccine was given at the ages of 1 and 3 months, the geometric mean antibody level rose from a prevaccination level of 0.23 microgram/mL to a postvaccination level of 1.27 micrograms/mL, and in the second group (n = 56), vaccinated at the ages of 2 and 4 months, the prevaccination level of 0.16 microgram/mL rose to a postvaccination level of 1.59 micrograms/mL. These two final postvaccination levels did not differ significantly, and interpolation suggests that similar antibody levels were present in both groups of infants at the age of 3 months. This is the age by which protection would need to be achieved to protect against H influenzae meningitis in The Gambia and in other countries where the infection has similar epidemiologic characteristics. No significant side effects of vaccination were noted.
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PMID:Serologic responses to an Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine in very young Gambian infants. 211 71

Polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines made with different carriers vary in their ability to elicit antipolysaccharide IgG antibody responses in young infants and an adult mouse model, suggesting that the carrier proteins used in the conjugate vaccines differ in their ability to act as carriers, or that additional mechanisms of immunogenicity play a role. A conjugate vaccine of Haemophilus influenzae PRP coupled to the outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B is immunogenic in children as young as 2 mo of age and is immunogenic in infant rhesus monkeys, an animal model for infant humans. In the present study, PRP-OMPC was found to induce efficient IgM to IgG switching of anti-PRP serum antibody in adult mice, whereas PRP conjugated to two other protein carriers did not. Thus the PRP-OMPC conjugate was examined in order to determine why PRP coupled to OMPC was so immunogenic, even more immunogenic than conjugates made with other carrier proteins. The OMPC carrier differs from the other protein carriers in that the proteins are present in a liposomal form containing lipids (including LPS) derived from the outer membrane of N. meningitidis. We studied the OMPC to see whether the different components or the nature of the OMPC carrier could contribute to its enhanced immunogenicity. Specifically we evaluated the OMPC for both classic Th cell carrier activity and adjuvanticity, and the LPS component of OMPC for systemic polyclonal B cell activation. Carrier recognition of the OMPC moiety of PRP-OMPC was demonstrated. In addition the PRP-OMPC conjugate vaccine was observed to have adjuvant properties for both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent Ag in the absence of LPS-induced systemic polyclonal B cell activation. These observations suggest that in addition to functioning as a classic protein carrier whereby the proteins in OMPC provide Th cell epitopes, the OMPC also has adjuvant activity that distinguishes it from other protein carriers and may contribute to the increased immunogenicity of PRP-OMPC conjugates in animal models.
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PMID:Immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine. 212 Mar 44


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