Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Repetitive acute otitis media is due to recurrent bacterial infection of middle ear superimposed on chronic otitis media with effusion. Endotoxin, one of the constituents of Haemophilus influenzae, is present in some cases in the middle ear effusion of otitis media with effusion and has been demonstrated experimentally to damage the middle ear mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of killed H. influenzae on the adherence of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae to the middle ear epithelial cells. The numbers of adherent organisms per epithelial cell in ears inoculated previously with killed H. influenzae or with normal saline (0.9% NaCl) were compared. Prior middle ear inoculation of killed H. influenzae enhanced the adherence of H. influenzae to middle ear epithelial cells, but it had little effect on the adherence of H. parainfluenzae. H. influenzae adhered to middle ear epithelial cells in greater numbers than H. parainfluenzae. Results demonstrate that a middle ear pathogen adheres to middle ear epithelial cells presumably damaged by killed H. influenzae, whereas a non-pathogen does not. These findings might partly explain the increased susceptibility of an ear with chronic otitis media with effusion to recurrent infection with H. influenzae.
Auris Nasus Larynx 1992
PMID:Adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to middle ear mucosa injured by killed H. influenzae. 141 76

Branhamella catarrhalis has been misconsidered as a normal resident in human respiratory tract for a long time. However, many authors recently have reported its pathogenecity and isolated it from the otolaryngological region. In our study, this organism can be isolated from the ear and nasal discharge in the child with acute otitis media by the rate of 7.5% and 21.4% respectively. Out of this 107 isolated strains, 97 strains (90.7%) were found to be beta-lactamase producing organisms. The MIC measurement of penicillins and cephems (except CEX) for inhibition of all these strains in our study is 6.25 micrograms/ml or less and because of the unreliability of the ABPC's susceptibility test by disk method, it is necessary to check the beta-lactamase production in each strain. Becoming of the high emergence rate of beta-lactamase producing strains, B. catarrhalis should be considered to be as important pathogen as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in upper respiratory tract infections in children.
Auris Nasus Larynx 1988
PMID:The antibiotic susceptibilities and beta-lactamase production of clinical isolated Branhamella catarrhalis from acute otitis media in children. 314 65

The total concentration of secretory IgA (SIgA) and secretory component (SC) as well as the occurrence of pathogen specific serum type (IgG, IgA and IgM) and secretory type antibodies against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in the middle ear effusion during an attack of otitis media were studied by using the ELISA method. The middle ear effusion samples were taken at 2 to 4 weeks' intervals from patients with recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) or secretory otitis media (SOM). In the samples of the RAOM patients the SC/SIgA ratio was 2.2, while in the SOM samples the ratio was 13.6. Both serum and secretory type antibodies to the infecting bacteria could be detected in the middle ear effusions in both of the patient groups. The results of this study show that the middle ear can develop antigenic specific antibodies against the infecting bacteria. The increased production of SC seems to be related to the pathogenesis of SOM.
Auris Nasus Larynx 1985
PMID:Secretory IgA, secretory component and pathogen specific antibodies in the middle ear effusion during an attack of acute and secretory otitis media. 383 1

It is known that bacterial endotoxin on the outer surface of most gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is not only biologically active material, but also the modulator of the immune response. The earlier experiment documented that the endotoxin of killed Haemophilus influenzae was responsible for induction of chronic otitis media with effusion (OME). Recent study by DeMaria et al. determined the endotoxin of human middle ear effusion (MEE) by means of limulus amebocyte lysate assay. It was concluded the endotoxin was present in a high percentage of the effusion in human tympanic cavities. The present study was undertaken to quantitatively determine the endotoxin in human MEE by use of chromogenic substrate technique which is more sensitive and accurate than limulus assay. Sixty samples of mucoid and serous effusion were subjected to chromogenic substrate method. It was revealed that the mucoid effusion showed a significantly high level of endotoxin at 282 pg/ml in average, though the serous effusion contained only 35.9 pg/ml. It is assumed that the bacterial endotoxin may greatly contribute to the pathogenesis of otitis media with mucoid effusion.
Auris Nasus Larynx 1985
PMID:Quantitative determination of bacterial endotoxin in middle ear effusions by chromogenic substrate method. 383 50

In this study, the efficacy of concurrent treatment of experimental acute otitis media with ibuprofen and ampicillin was evaluated in chinchillas with respect to clearance of the effusion, presence of mucosal inflammation, and modulation of biochemical markers. Forty chinchillas were infected with non-typable Haemophilus influenzae and randomly assigned to treatment with either IM ampicillin (control) or ampicillin plus ibuprofen beginning on day 2 post inoculation. On days 5 and 10, animals from each group were killed, effusions recovered for biochemical assay, and the middle ears prepared for histological study. Differences in outcome measures favoring the control group were observed at the 5 day endpoint. However, at the 10 day endpoint, mucosal thickness was significantly less, the number of effusion free ears greater, and the concentrations of free fatty acids and thromboxane less in the animals treated with the combined therapy when compared to the control group. These results suggest that the addition of ibuprofen to ampicillin for the treatment of acute otitis media alters disease pathogenesis in this infectious model.
Auris Nasus Larynx 1995
PMID:Effect of ibuprofen treatment during experimental acute otitis media. 748 76

Haemophilus influenzae is one of the most frequent pathogens of acute otitis media. To determine the middle ear response during the early stage of acute inflammation, a small amount of H. influenzae was inoculated into the bullae of guinea pigs through the tympanic membrane. The bullae were harvested at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after H. influenzae inoculation and washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The number of viable H. influenzae and inflammatory cells, the concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lysozyme in the washing suspensions were measured, and compared with those in PBS-inoculated control ears. The number of viable H. influenzae increased very rapidly from 6 to 12 hours after inoculation and remained stationary up to 48 hours. The number of inflammatory cells and the MPO concentration were significantly higher in the H. influenzae-inoculated ears than in the control ears from 12 to 48 hours after inoculation. The lysozyme concentration was already significantly higher at 6 hours in the H. influenzae-inoculated ears; the lysozyme was released in the middle ear before the accumulation of inflammatory cells and degranulation of MPO from inflammatory cells. The results indicated that inflammatory reactions were present already at 6 hours after bacterial inoculation, and were rapidly accelerated during the subsequent hours. Consequently, acute middle ear inflammatory responses were seen immediately following inoculation of viable bacteria, and these responses originated in direct responses of middle ear mucosa, and oxidative and non-oxidative neutrophil metabolic products, which may cause tissue injury.
Auris Nasus Larynx 1995
PMID:Early inflammatory changes of the Haemophilus influenzae-induced experimental otitis media. 748 77