Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The available hospital records of all pediatric patients diagnosed as having periorbital, preseptal or orbital cellulitis over a five-year period were reviewed and compared to previously reported series. Only two of 39 patients had orbital cellulitis. The 37 patients with preseptal cellulitis had two characteristic clinical presentations. Twenty-two children had local trauma, abscesses, insect bites, or impetigo as the inciting event for their cellulitis. Infection was usually caused by staphylococci or streptococci. In contrast, 15 children, 12 of whom were under 36 months, had associated upper respiratory tract infections and otitis. Haemophilus influenzae was the most commonly implicated pathogen and the children were at risk of bacteremia and metastastic infection. Determination of the location of the infection in the orbit and consideration of the clinical presentation of the patient with infection in and about the orbit are of assistance in choosing appropriate therapy. Young children who have upper respiratory tract symptoms in association with preseptal cellulitis should receive antibiotic coverage for Haemophilus.
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PMID:Clinical implications of preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis in childhood. 31 May 37

We review the literature on orbital involvement in acute sinusitis in children. Because of the potential severity of the disease which may be life threatening a vigorous treatment is required. Hemophilus Influenzae is a major cause of orbital cellulitis followed by Staphylococcus Aureus and group A streptococcus. Because of the emergence of Ampicillin-Resistant H. Influenzae strains in Belgium, chloramphenicol should be included in the initial therapy in combination with a penicillinase resistant semisynthetic penicillin. Therapy is adjusted as soon as the results of bacterial culture are known. Surgical establishment of sinus or abscess drainage is required if the child is severely ill or failed to respond to medical treatment. A treatment protocol is proposed.
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PMID:[Orbital involvement in acute sinusitis in children]. 55 24

Sixty-seven cases of orbital cellulitis from BGSM are reported and 247 cases from the literature reviewed. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen except in the age group from three months to three years where a significant number of cases yielded Hemophilus influenzae and Diplococcus pneumoniae. The frequent association of paranasal sinus involvement and orbital cellulitis has been confirmed. Orbital cellulitis is a multifaceted disease which, for proper management, requires close cooperation among pediatricians, ophthalmologists, and nursing service as a multidisciplinary approach for optimal therapy and decreased frequency of complications and sequelae.
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PMID:Periorbital cellulitis. 60 42

The clinical and laboratory data on 87 cases of orbital and periorbital cellulitis were reviewed. Two distinct clinical presentations were encountered. One group of 45 patients had no history of trauma or apparent focus of infection. Blood cultures on these patients were positive in 34%. Haemophilus influenzae accounted for 82% of the positive blood cultures. This group of patients shares common features with children who have facial cellulitis due to H. influenzae type b. The second group consisted of 42 patients with adjacent soft tissue focus of infection. There was only one positive blood culture in this group. Staphylococcus aureus and/or group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus were isolated from conjunctival or wound exudate in the majority of these patients. Thirteen patients with orbital cellulitis were encountered among the 87 cases. These patients were older and had a higher incidence of demonstrable sinus disease when compared with the overall group. The pathophysiology of orbital and periorbital cellulitis is reviewed and an approach to the management of these disorders is formulated.
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PMID:Periorbital and orbital cellulitis in children. 63 83

Children who had recovered from meningitis, orbital cellulitis, or epiglottitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b were immunized with capsular polysaccharide vaccine derived from that bacterium; some healthy siblings and adults who had not had H. influenzae infections were also vaccinated. Of 10 children who had had H. influenzae meningitis previously, only one had an antibody response to the vaccine. One child with prior H. influenzae orbital cellulitis also failed to respond. None of the children had detectable H. influenzae polysaccharide antigen in their bloodstream at the time of immunization. Two children who had had H. influenzae epiglottitis and six of seven controls without histories of H. influenzae infections responded immunologically to the vaccine. One of eight vaccinees under two years of age showed a response, and eight of 12 over two years responded well (P = 0.02). All four nonresponders over the age of two years had had H; influenzae meningitis or cellulitis. Children who had had H. influenzae meningitis responded less well to the polysaccharide vaccine than did other recipients of the vaccine; this difference could not be explained solely on the basis of age;
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PMID:Effect of previous infection on antibody response of children to vaccination with capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae Type b. 108 Jan 78

A review of 104 patients with acute orbital cellulitis during the past decade showed that the frequency of hospital admissions for this disease has increased recently. Roentgenograms showed paranasal sinus in 77 of 91 patients. Haemophilus influenzae and Diplococcus pneumoniae were recovered from the blood of 20 and 6 patients, respectively. Four children had concomitant H influenzae meningitis. Bacteremia was demonstrated in 29% and more common in those with extensive orbital involvement, those not receiving antibiotics at the time of culture, and those less than 2 years old. Some of the 26 patients with less extensive involvement were bacteremic (17%), had leukocytosis, or roentgenographic evidence of sinusitis. Most children received large doses of ampicillin sodium and methicillin sodium intravenously until signs and symptoms had almost abated. With this regimen, there were no orbital, ocular, or other complications.
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PMID:Acute orbital cellulitis. 126 55

A case of orbital cellulitis in which the causative organism was Streptococcus faecalis--the first such case to the authors' knowledge--is reported. Although Hemophilus influenzae and pneumococci are most frequently encountered in orbital cellulitis, this case shows that Streptococcus faecalis may also be responsible. Prompt identification of the bacteria is urged.
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PMID:Streptococcus faecalis orbital cellulitis. 308 59

Periorbital cellulitis is a commonly occurring infectious process limited to the eyelids in the preseptal region. It occurs with greater frequency in the pediatric age group. It is important to distinguish this disease from orbital cellulitis, a potentially lethal infectious process involving the contents of the orbit. A retrospective study of clinical and laboratory data from 137 cases with orbital and periorbital cellulitis was performed. Periorbital cellulitis was documented in 98 cases (71%) in contrast to orbital cellulitis, which was noted in 39 (28%) patients. Sinusitis was the most frequently encountered predisposing factor for the development of periorbital cellulitis occurring in 29 patients. All patients with a diagnosis of periorbital cellulitis were hospitalized and received antibiotics, the majority (95%) receiving intravenous therapy. Hemophilus influenzae was the most frequently isolated pathogenic organism. It was necessary to operate on eight patients. Six patients underwent incision and drainage of an eyelid or periorbital abscess. A distinction between periorbital and orbital cellulitis is clarified. The separation of these entities on the basis of physical examination and radiographic studies is stressed.
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PMID:Periorbital cellulitis. 331 14

Pediatric patients with serious infections are usually hospitalized for parenteral antibiotic treatment. We studied prospectively 74 pediatric patients with community-acquired serious infections and used once daily intramuscular ceftriaxone. Seventeen patients (23%) were initially hospitalized and 57 (77%) patients were treated entirely as outpatients. An initial intramuscular dose of 75 mg/kg was followed by daily doses of 50 mg/kg (maximum, 1.5 g). Infections treated included periorbital/buccal cellulitis, other cellulitis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, mastoiditis, suppurative arthritis and orbital cellulitis. Organisms were recovered from cultures of 37 (50%) patients and 6 (8%) patients were bacteremic. Bacteria included Gram-positive (mostly Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (mostly enteric bacilli and Haemophilus influenzae organisms). No serious side effects were observed. Of 74 patients 72 (97%) were cured and improvement was usually observed within 24 hours. Two patients did not improve: one with chronic Pseudomonas mastoiditis; and one with lung abscess. Based on previous experience it is estimated that 376 hospitalization days were saved. All 72 successfully treated patients and their parents resumed normal activity within 72 hours of starting therapy. Our data suggest that ceftriaxone can be used for outpatient treatment of some infectious diseases.
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PMID:Outpatient treatment of serious community-acquired pediatric infections using once daily intramuscular ceftriaxone. 332 38

A study was made of 112 children with preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, and orbital abscess. These were consecutive admissions to the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, during the period June 1976 to August 1985. The average age was 3 years 6 months. The clinical and radiological signs for each group were defined. Of the 112 children, 43.8% (with an average age of 3 years 3 months) had a clinical history of an upper respiratory tract infection. Trauma was a factor in 13.4% of patients. Haemophilus influenzae was recovered from blood culture in two patients and from conjunctival culture in seven patients. The average age of this group was 3 years 7 months. Plain radiographs taken of 53 patients revealed evidence of paranasal sinus disease in 29 (54.7%). Computerized tomography was performed in 14 patients. Of seven patients requiring surgical drainage of orbital or subperiosteal abscess (average age 7 years 2 months), five had clinical upper respiratory tract infection.
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PMID:Orbital cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis in childhood. 376 75


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