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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I, Haemophilus influenzae, and Branhamella catarrhalis that stimulate human B lymphocytes, but not T lymphocytes, were used to study the B lymphocyte function in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. Lymphocytes from two patients with no circulating B cells were not stimulated to increased DNA synthesis by these bacterial mitogens. The lymphocytes of six patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia and normal numbers of circulating B cells responded to the bacterial mitogens but in five patients the response was decreased in comparison with healthy controls.
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PMID:Formalin-treated bacteria as selective B cell mitogens in the study of lymphocytes from patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. 697 Nov 96

The mitogenic activity of the formalin-treated bacterial strains Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and the Cowan I strain of Staphylococcus aureus was assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with primary immunodeficiencies, acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. The bacteria selectively stimulated B cells, as demonstrated by the finding of a normal de novo DNA synthesis in children with a T cell defect and of an absent response in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia and severe combined immunodeficiency. A decreased mitogenic activity was exerted on PBL from four out of seven adults with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVH). In B-CLL the mitogenic activity was normal while in T-ALL it was decreased. Umbilical cord blood lymphocytes responded better than PBL from adults. The selective stimulative ability of the bacteria for B lymphocytes is expressed when PBL are cultured together with the formalin-treated bacteria for 48 to 72 hr.
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PMID:Formalin-treated bacteria as selective B cell mitogens: results in primary and acquired immunodeficiencies. 697 47

Patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have decreased capacity to mount relevant antibody responses upon immunization, and development of hypogammaglobulinemia is part of the natural history of the disease. We investigated the influence of histamine type-2 (H2) receptor blockade by ranitidine on the in vivo antibody production in B-CLL patients following vaccination. Anti-polysaccharide antibodies in B-CLL patients, vaccinated with a tetanus-toxoid conjugated vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type-B (Hib), reached long-term protective levels in more than 90% of B-CLL patients randomized to ranitidine treatment, as compared to 43% of the untreated patients (P = 0.024). No difference in the response to vaccination against influenza virus types A and B protein could be detected between the two groups. Plasma histamine levels were 2-fold to 20-fold higher in 23 out of 31 B-CLL patients, compared to normal controls, and these levels showed a significant positive correlation to disease duration. These findings indicate the possibility of improving in vivo antibody production against a highly relevant pathogen in B-CLL patients by histamine type-2 receptor blockade, and the combined finding of an immune-stimulatory effect of ranitidine and increased plasma histamine levels, strongly suggests the involvement of histamine in the pathogenesis of B-CLL immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Improved vaccination response during ranitidine treatment, and increased plasma histamine concentrations, in patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 747 82

The host-parasite relationship in the nasopharynx of young children with bacterial colonization and antigen uptake in the mucosa and lymphatic tissue provides an opportunity to investigate infectious/inflammatory processes and responses. IL-1 beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were analysed in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum from children with or without recurrent episodes of acute otitis media, from healthy adults and adults with or without recurrent episodes of acute otitis media, from healthy adults and adults with hypogammaglobulinaemia or selective deficiency of IgG3. Nasopharyngeal secretions generally contained substantial amounts of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. In contrast, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were not detectable in sera on the same occasion. Children were found to have higher levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha than healthy adults and than adults with immunodeficiency. High levels of IL-1 beta were associated with low or undetectable levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, whereas the opposite pattern was seen in association with low levels of IL-1 beta. This was especially true for children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media (RAOM). In children with nasopharyngeal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae, significantly higher levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha (P = 0.0001, respectively) were found compared with non-colonized children. Notably, the RAOM children exhibited significantly lower levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in nasopharyngeal secretions (P = 0.0001, 0.01 and 0.0001, respectively) than healthy children. These results demonstrate local production of inflammatory cytokines in nasopharynx, related to bacterial colonization, and suggest that children with RAOM are poor nasopharyngeal cytokine producers.
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PMID:Cytokines in nasopharyngeal secretions; evidence for defective IL-1 beta production in children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media. 808 94

Hemophilus aphrophilus, a gram negative, capnophilic slow growing bacillus, is a rarely recognized pathogen in meningitis and is most frequently seen in patients with either endocarditis or brain abscess. This article reported one case with Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis. A 10-year-old boy presented at the emergency room with chief complaint of fever for 2 days and sudden onset of loss of consciousness. Hemophilus aphrophilus was isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Aqueous penicillin and chloramphenicol were given for three weeks. The patient discharged without any sequelae. Three months later, fever and consciousness disturbance were noted again. No pathogen was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and blood culture this time, but CSF finding was consistent with bacterial meningitis. Aqueous penicillin and chloramphenicol were readministered for 30 days. The patient recovered smoothly. Because the patient had no history of CSF rhinorrhea or hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrence of the bacterial meningitis could be due to incomplete treatment during the first admission. Brain computed tomography (CT) done during the two admissions showed focal cortical enhancement in the fronto-temporo-parietal region. This is presumed to indicate infarction over these regions. The findings of brain CT are in accordance with the development of hemiplegia in the patient. It is still unknown, however, whether Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis also causes a higher incidence of brain infarction, which was frequently noted in patients with Hemophilus influenzae meningitis.
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PMID:[Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis: report of one case]. 823 62

Pediatric end-stage renal disease patients, maintained on chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD), may have a variety of immunological abnormalities, including hypogammaglobulinemia and poor responses to vaccines. We measured antibody levels to Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in 24 CPD patients. Eight children received primary Hib immunization while undergoing CPD. Of these, 1 of 8 (12%) lacked protective levels of antibody. In another child, who had an initial protective response, antibody levels were undetectable 12 months after immunization. Sixteen of the patients had not been immunized with Hib vaccine because they were more than 5 years old when the vaccine was licensed. In this group, 5 of 16 (31%) lacked protective levels of anti-Hib antibody. Of those available for follow-up, 3 responded normally to Hib vaccine. It is not sufficient to provide childhood immunizations to CPD patients with the assumption that those immunizations will lead to long-lived immunity. Antibody levels should be measured within a month of immunization and at regular intervals thereafter to document immunity.
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PMID:Defective antibody response to Hemophilus influenzae type b immunization in children receiving peritoneal dialysis. 825 19

Many immunodeficient patients constantly carry non-typable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHI) in the nasopharynx, despite seemingly adequate antibiotic therapy. We have studied the effect of nasal administration of IgA on nasopharyngeal colonization in 5 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, with a productive cough, especially in the mornings, who were constant carriers of NTHI in the nasopharynx, and had IgA, 1 ml 6 times/day, given nasally for 14 days. Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained on days 0, 7, 14 and 28. Two of the patients became culture-negative during the treatment, and the cough was alleviated in all patients.
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PMID:Nasal administration of IgA to individuals with hypogammaglobulinemia. 836 37

Infectious complications continue to have a major impact on the clinical course of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia despite advances in therapeutic approaches to this disease and supportive care. Although the pathogenesis of infection in these patients is multifactorial, systemic hypogammaglobulinemia is the major immune defect accounting for the increased risk of infection. Despite common knowledge of systemic immune defects in this population, information regarding mucosal immune function is minimal. In patients treated with conventional alkylating agents, infections commonly occur at mucosal sites, especially the respiratory tract, and organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequent isolates. The use of purine analogues as fludarabine has resulted in a change in this spectrum of infection, with the appearance of opportunistic infections caused by Pneumocystis, Listeria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Nocardia, Candida, Aspergillus, and herpesviruses. Further knowledge of the impact of chemotherapy on immune function, and of the immune defects in these patients, both inherent to the primary disease process and therapy-related, will aid in the formulation of better prophylactic and therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of infection and improve the ultimate outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:The infectious complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 948 31

Reports pertinent to bacterial arthritis in 1997 included two large, multi-year surveys of joint infection in patients from defined European health districts, noting trends including the declining incidence of gonococcal arthritis and an increasing number of prosthetic joint infections. Children with infected joints generally fare better than adults despite having proportionately more infections due to gram-negative organisms, of which Hemophilus influenzae comprises an ever smaller portion as the fastidious Kingella kingea is emerging. Joint infections remain an uncommon complication of immunodeficiency due to HIV, with responsible agents, affected sites, and clinical course also influenced by certain HIV comorbidities such as intravenous drug user and hemophilia. The rare immunodeficient patient with hypogammaglobulinemia retains a nearly unique susceptibility to joint infection with mycoplasmas, which can cause considerable morbidity if not promptly recognized and treated. Polymerase chain reaction can detect remnants of bacteria in the face of negative conventional cultures, but inoculation of synovial fluid into blood cultures bottles may be a more immediate and practical method to increase the yield in suspected septic arthritis.
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PMID:Bacterial arthritis. 972 94

Viruses and bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, protected specimen brush samples, and bronchial biopsies from 14 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia (11 patients with common variable immunodeficiency [CVID] and three patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia [XLA]) were analyzed. At the time of the study, the patients had no signs of acute respiratory infections, and no antibiotics were administered. In addition to routine bacterial and viral cultures, polymerase chain reaction tests were used for the detection of adenovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus 1, enterovirus, rhinovirus, Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumocystis carinii, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Viruses (four adenoviruses, one CMV, and one rhinovirus) were detected in four of the 11 (36%) CVID patients. No viruses were found in the three patients with XLA or in 13 control patients. Bacteria from the lower respiratory tract were detected in nine of the 14 (64%) patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and three of the 13 (23%) control patients. Haemophilus influenzae was the most prevalent bacterium (43%) in the hypogammaglobulinemia patients. The study shows that patients with CVID harbor viral and bacterial infections in the lower respiratory tract, which may predispose to the development of changes in the respiratory tract.
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PMID:Viruses and bacteria in bronchial samples from patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. 1019 66


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