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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Haemophilus vaginalis first affiliated in the bacterial systems in the genus Haemophilus, the Corynebacterium due to its morphophysiological characteristics--forms a new genus Gardnerella with only one species G. vaginalis. The bacterium is important for man's pathology, as it is responsible for the most numerous vaginitis, considered nonspecific. The paper reports synthetically the present knowledge in biology, pathogenicity, diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:[New bacterial microorganisms in the etiology of human infections. The genus Gardnerella]. 180 87

In 573 urethral swabs, 3 Haemophilus influenzae (HI) and 7 Haemophilus parainfluenzae (HPI) were isolated; 7 of the patients had clinical features of urethritis and in 3 another genital pathogen was associated. Biotype IV was the predominant one in HI, and II in HPI. In 6.259 endocervical and/or vaginal swabs 15 HI and 5 HPI were isolated. Three out of the 15 females infected by HI, had clinical features of salpingitis and 8 of vaginitis; 5 of them were carriers of an IUD. In four out of the 5 females with HPI another genital pathogen coexisted, and in the fifth there was an additional non analysable isolate. Biotype I predominated in HI and biotype II in HPI.
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PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae: etiologic agents of sexually transmitted diseases?]. 265 17

A guest faculty discussed the management of patients with vaginal infections. It was agreed that correct diagnosis is necessary before therapy. Diagnosis can be accomplished by a microscopic examination in 90% of the cases. The cytologic smear is also very important. Specific culture media may be useful for troublesome cases, for instance, blood agar fo Haemophilus vaginalis, Trichocel medium for Trichiomonas vaginalis, Neckerson's medium for candidal species and Thayer-Martin for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Patient history is important since some infections tend to occur in certain patients such as candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus, patients who are pregnant or are taking broad spectrum antibiotics, estrogen or contraceptive pills. The pH of vaginal secretions may also be helpful in making the diagnosis. It was suggested that the term "nonspecific" vaginitis is a misnomer and is used to conceal ignorance. Others felt that such agents as soap, vaginal deodorant spray, and clothing may be causatives. The term "psychogenic leukorrhea" was discussed with varying conclusions. Routine treatment for each form of vaginitis was outlines and treatment for recurrent, persistent trichomoniasis and moniliasis was given. It was agreed that douching will not cure vaginitis but may be useful in removing excessive secretion. It is not recommended for routine hygeine but is acceptable following menstruation or intercourse.
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PMID:Management of patients with vaginal infections. An invitational symposium. 434 29

A partial review of past investigations concerning vaginitis associated with Corynebacterium vaginale (formerly known as Haemophilus vaginalis) includes therapy, laboratory diagnosis and taxonomy. An investigation involving 1008 patients during a 6 week postpartum period evaluated several hypotheses. It was found that the incidence of positive cultures was greater in nonpregnant patients with vaginitis when compared with the whole population; the positive culture rate was s ignificantly higher in patients with vaginitis than without (p . 001); th e incidence of positive cultures between women using oral contraceptives (OC) or women using IUDs and the population at large was the same; and p ositive cultures were similar in patients using IUDs as in those using n o contraceptives. This study demonstrated that C-vaginale is a vaginal pathogen which is not influenced by OC and IUD use. The means of therapy need further evaluation.
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PMID:Corynebacterium vaginale vaginitis. Review of the literature and presentation of data based on vaginal cultures from 1,008 patients. 500 11

The bacterial flora associated with certain common abnormalities of the female genital tract were studied. The abnormalities included were trichomonal infestation of the vagina, the epithelial inflammation and cellular atypia associated with protozoal infestation, and erosions of the cervix. Trichomonas vaginalis infestation and marked epithelial inflammation were associated with a very varied bacterial flora in which Mycoplasma species, streptococci, and ;Haemophilus vaginalis' (Gardner and Dukes, 1955) were often prominent. No cases of vaginitis attributable to Haemophilus vaginalis were detected. An essentially normal bacterial flora accompanied erosions of the cervix.
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PMID:Bacterial flora in abnormalities of the female genital tract. 591 54

In a study of the diagnosis and treatment of Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis) vaginitis in 30 patients, clinical and microscopical findings were compared with laboratory cultures. The study also included a double-blind randomised trial of treatment regimens including placebo therapy. Laboratory cultures of C. vaginale corresponded well with clinical findings, and we suggest that C. vaginale vaginitis can be reliably diagnosed with clinical and microscopical findings. Tetracycline was effective in half the patients treated, whereas all but 1 of the 17 patients eventually treated with metronidazole were cured. The apparent discrepancy between in-vitro sensitivity and in-vitro efficacy of metronidazole in this condition is discussed.
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PMID:Corynebacterium vaginale and vaginitis: a controlled trial of treatment. 610 31

Almost 30 years ago Gardner & Dukes introduced the term Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis. Most authors agree that this disease entity is characterized by a malodorous, homogeneous, greyish-white discharge, displaying clue cells in the wet-mount preparation. The diagnosis can be made in the office, the microscope being the most important diagnostic tool. There still seems to be some controversy regarding cause and clinical manifestations of the condition. A lack of uniformity in case definition and laboratory methods is probably responsible. The use of the term non-specific vaginitis should be discouraged, the condition being a specific entity not accompanied by vaginitis. A new term, 'clue cell-positive discharge' (CCPD), is proposed.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of Gardnerella vaginalis-associated vaginitis. A review of the literature. 633 30

Numerous previous studies of nonspecific vaginitis have yielded contradictory results regarding its cause and clinical manifestations, due to a lack of uniform case definition and laboratory methods. We studied 397 consecutive unselected female university students and applied sets of well defined criteria to distinguish nonspecific vaginitis from other forms of vaginitis and from normal findings. Using such criteria, we diagnosed nonspecific vaginitis in up to 25 percent of our study population; asymptomatic disease was recognized in more than 50 percent of those with nonspecific vaginitis. A clinical diagnosis of nonspecific vaginitis, based on simple office procedures, was correlated with both the presence and the concentration of Gardnerella vaginalis (Hemophilus vaginalis) in vaginal discharge, and with characteristic biochemical findings in vaginal discharge. Nonspecific vaginitis was also correlated with a history of sexual activity, a history of previous trichomoniasis, current use of nonbarrier contraceptive methods, and, particularly, use of an intrauterine device. G. vaginalis was isolated from 51.3 percent of the total population using a highly selective medium that detected the organism in lower concentration in vaginal discharge than did previously used media. Practical diagnostic criteria for standard clinical use are proposed. Application of such criteria should assist in clinical management of nonspecific vaginitis and in further study of the microbiologic and biochemical correlates and the pathogenesis of this mild but quite prevalent disease.
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PMID:Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. 660 Mar 71

The author alleges that any knowledgeable physician owning a vaginal speculum and a microscope should rarely find the need for using the diagnosis, "non-specific" vaginitis, and that its too frequent use might well imply carelessness, indifference or a failure to employ available diagnostic methods. The suggestion is made that if the term "non-specific" vaginitis is to be retained in gynecologic nomenclature it should be assigned its rightful position and should include only those conditions without assignable etiology. The evidence shows that Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis, Corynebacterium vaginale) vaginitis is a precisely defined, specific vaginal infection, that the disease is sexually transmitted and that it accounts for most vaginitides previously classified as "nonspecific".
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PMID:"Non-specific" vaginitis: a non-entity. 660 24

Gardnerella-associated vaginosis (Hemophilus vaginalis vaginitis, nonspecific vaginitis) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge and odor. The clinical spectrum of this infection varies from total lack of symptoms to obvious odor and profuse vaginal discharge. The diagnosis of this syndrome can be made when a woman presents with a homogenous grey-white discharge that emits a fishy odor when a drop of 10% potassium hydroxide is mixed with a drop of vaginal discharge on a glass slide. The pH of this secretion is typically in the range of 5.0-5.5 as determined by indicator paper. The diagnosis is further confirmed when a microscopic examination of the discharge mixed with normal saline shows a virtual pure culture of tiny bacteria many of which are found clinging to vaginal epithelial cells forming the so-called "clue cells". Cultures to isolate Gardnerella vaginalis are unnecessary in clinical practice.
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PMID:The clinical signs and symptoms of Gardnerella-associated vaginosis. 660 25


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