Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with Haemophilus parainfluenzae--a 12-month-old girl with meningitis and a 17-month-old girl with brain abscess--are reported. Both infants had long-standing upper respiratory infection before CNS disease. Both recovered after treatment.
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PMID:Haemophilus parainfluenzae infection of the central nervous system. A report on two infants. 19 75

Thirteen patients with Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia are reported to emphasise the clinical, radiographic, and therapeutic aspects of this illness. All but one patient was under 2 1/2 years of age. The presenting complaint was a variable duration of upper respiratory infection and fever in most cases. One-third of patients had radiographic evidence of pleural involvement; one-third showed a patchy bronchopneumonia on roentgenogram; and the remainder had segmental or lobar infiltrates. Clinical response to antibiotic therapy was prompt in patients without pleural involvement.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia. 30 25

A case of midtrimester septic abortion due to Hemophilus influenza is discussed on the basis that the pathogeneses of the septic abortion was due to the hematogenous spread of the organism orginating from upper respiratory infection. The absence of ruptured membranes and the elevated antibody titer at the onset of the pelvic infection were in keeping with this hypothesis. Additional data on the bacteriology of this organism and the probability of the occurrence of a type b organism with original ampicillin resistance are presented.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenza septicemia and midtrimester abortion. 31 25

Upper respiratory tract infections are the most common diseases encountered in office pediatrics. The majority of these illnesses, including the common cold and pharyngitis, are viral in etiology, present with rhinitis and fever, and are self-limited and benign. Management consists of fluids, rest, saltwater nose drops and analgesics. Antihistamines appear to relieve only those symptoms potentiated by allergy. With the exception of streptococcal pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections do not require antibiotic therapy. However, otitis media and sinusitis, which sometimes are difficult to diagnose, are markedly improved by antibiotics that cover Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. In 10 percent of children, otitis media and sinusitis are recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy. For these patients, referral to an otolaryngologist, myringotomy, placement of tympanostomy tubes or a short trial of prednisone may be efficacious.
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PMID:An approach to pediatric upper respiratory infections. 195 Sep 81

The bacteriology of the isolates from the throat swab and the sputum respectively of 2,539 patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in Tohoku district of Japan during the period from January to April in 1989 was documented. Of the 2,539 patients, 1,694 had an acute upper respiratory infection, 609 had acute bronchitis, 46 had acute pneumonia, 84 had acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory infections and 106 had respiratory infections without diagnosis registered. 1887 (74.3%) strains of potential pathogens were recovered from 1507 (59.4%) of the 2539 cases. The rate of recovery of potential pathogens was very high in patients of the younger age. These patients had elevated body-temperature. There were statistically significant differences in recovery rate when classified by diagnosis, prefecture and the period of investigation. Of the 1,887 strains, 996 (52.8%) were gram-positive and 891 (47.2%) were gram-negative bacteria. The rate of recovery of gram-negative bacteria was high in patients who were less than 10 years old and more than 51 years old, in patients with pneumonia and chronic respiratory infections, and in patients with fever. Of the 1,887 strains, those which exceeded 100 were Staphylococcus aureus (481 strains), Haemophilus influenzae (340 strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (329 strains), Streptococcus pyogenes (117 strains) and Acinetobacter spp. (100 strains). Species other than those mentioned above had less than 100 strains. In this group there were 39 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, 32 strains of Escherichia coli, 97 strains of Klebsiella spp., 40 strains of Enterobacter spp., 25 strains of Serratia spp., 12 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 43 strains of Pseudomonas putida. There was a remarkable difference in recovery rate of each species when classified by diagnosis, age class, prefecture and the period of investigation, respectively. The above results indicated that gram-positive bacteria are more frequent than gram-negative bacteria, that enterobacteriaceae and glucose-non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria are only rarely found in primary care clinics, and that the bacteriology in primary care clinic is different from that of medical school-affiliated hospitals.
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PMID:[Studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (III). Distribution of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in the Tohoku District of Japan]. 224 93

To our knowledge, no previous study of periorbital cellulitis has focused on its specific characteristics found only in infants (less than 1 year of age.) We retrospectively studied 30 cases of infantile periorbital cellulitis treated at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center from 1977 to 1988. Characteristics of the disorder in our infants older than 1 month were similar to earlier reports of older children in terms of etiology, radiological and bacteriological findings, and course. However, compared with our older infants, our seven neonates (7 to 30 days old) had a higher incidence of ruptured dacryocele (29% vs 0%) and unknown source of the infection (43% vs 4%); but a lower incidence of preceding upper respiratory infection (14% vs 78%), abnormal sinus films (0% vs 22%), and positive blood cultures (14% vs 30%). Of the positive cultures, Hemophilus sp was the most common pathogen among the older infants (35%), while Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were the most frequent among the neonates (71%). All infections remained preseptal and responded well to intravenous antibiotics.
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PMID:Periorbital cellulitis in infancy. 236 48

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268) is a new 14-membered ring macrolide antibiotic developed by Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. TE-031 has a methoxy group at position 6 in its structure. In the present study, we carried out laboratory and clinical investigations on TE-031 in the field of pediatrics. The obtained results are summarized as follows. The antibacterial activity of TE-031 was investigated against 16 clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis and Campylobacter jejuni. TE-031 showed antibacterial activity comparable to erythromycin. The pattern of changes in TE-031 concentrations in the blood after administration was investigated. In subjects administered the granular preparation of TE-031, Cmax values were 0.64 micrograms/ml in 1 subject given a 5 mg/kg dosage, and 5.94 and 9.02 micrograms/ml in 2 subjects administered with 10 mg/kg. The tablet form of TE-031 was administered to 3 subjects at 5 mg/kg, and Cmax values were 2.09-3.92 micrograms/ml, while T 1/2 values were in a range of 2.9-3.8 hours. When drug concentrations in the urine were investigated, it was found that 6-hour recovery rates were 9.9% (dose: 5 mg/kg) and 53.4% (dose: 10 mg/kg) in the subjects administered the granular form, whereas recovery rates averaged 36.8% in the tablet-administered subjects. In the clinical trial, TE-031 was administered in 2-3 doses/day for 2-18 days. In cases given the granular form, dosages were 12-38 mg/kg/day, while tablets were administered at 12-29 mg/kg/day. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 92.8%, i.e., the drug was effective in 64 of 69 patients. TE-031 was ineffective in 1 case of otitis media, but efficacious in 10 of 10 (100%) cases of upper respiratory infection, 15 of 18 (83.3%) cases of bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 of 6 (83.3%) cases of pertussis, 13 of 13 (100%) cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, 4 of 4 (100%) cases of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, 16 of 16 (100%) cases of gastroenteritis (including 15 cases of Campylobacter gastroenteritis), and 1 (100%) case of impetigo. In bacteriological studies conducted on the patients, the overall elimination rate was 93.1%, i.e., bacterial elimination was obtained in 27 of 29 cases. TE-031 showed especially good bacteriological efficacy (100%) against C. jejuni and B. pertussis, which were eliminated from all of 15 and 2 cases examined, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on clarithromycin in pediatrics]. 252 42

Sulbactam/Ampicillin (SBT/ABPC), a combination at a fixed ratio of ABPC and SBT which is an irreversible inhibitor of beta-lactamase in a 2:1 ratio, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 24 patients with ages from 5 month-old to 12 years old with bacterial infection. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. A pharmacokinetic study following 30 mg/kg SBT/ABPC administration by 30 minutes drip infusion or intravenous bolus injection showed that mean half-lives of SBT and ABPC were 48.9 minutes and 40.2 minutes, respectively, and mean urinary excretion rates of SBT and ABPC in the first 6 hours were 67.1% and 48.3%, respectively. 2. SBT/ABPC was administered to 14 patients with bronchopneumonia, 4 patients with tonsillitis, a patient each with acute upper respiratory infection, with submandibular lymphadenitis, with phlegmon, with enterocolitis, with pyelonephritis and with cystitis at a daily dosage of 88.2-133.3 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4, by intravenous bolus injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. Clinical responses of the 24 patients were as follows: excellent: 17 patients, good: 7 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Neither clinical adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory test values, except slight eosinophilia in a patient and an elevation of GOT, GPT in another were observed. 4. MICs of SBT/ABPC against 7 strong beta-lactamase producing strains isolated from some of the patients were as follows. MIC against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 3.13 micrograms/ml, MICs against 2 out of 5 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis were 0.10 microgram/ml and those of the remaining 3 strains were 0.20 microgram/ml. MIC against a strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae was 3.13 micrograms/ml. 5. These data described above show that SBT/ABPC has excellent bactericidal capacity against beta-lactamase producing bacteria as well as beta-lactamase non-producing Gram-positive and negative bacteria and suggest that SBT/ABPC is a very useful antibiotic for pediatric patients.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in children]. 266 51

Oral and respiratory secretions of 31 children who were healthy or had mild upper respiratory infection, and who had a positive throat culture for Haemophilus influenzae type b, were cultured to determine which secretions contain this organism and how long it can be recovered from fomites. Rhinorrhea was present in 11 of 31 (34%) children and nasal mucus was positive for H. influenzae type b in 10 (91%). In 5 of these children the concentration of H. influenzae type b in nasal mucus was 10(4) to 10(7) colony-forming units/ml3. H. influenzae type b in nasal mucus applied to fomites were recovered for 12 hours. Cultures of saliva and cough secretions compared with nasal mucus were less often positive (3 of 31, P less than 0.001; 3 of 25, P less than 0.001, respectively) and contained fewer H. influenzae type b (5 and 15 colony-forming units, respectively). H. influenzae type b was recovered from the hand of 2 of 27 (7%) children; both children had positive cultures of saliva. These data indicate that H. influenzae type b can be found in oral and respiratory secretions of pharyngeal carriers and can contaminate children's hands. Nasal mucus was the most consistently positive secretion and contained the largest number of bacteria. Careful management of nasal mucus secretions is warranted in settings where transmission could occur to susceptible children.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type b in respiratory secretions. 278 62

To our knowledge, no previous study of periorbital cellulitis has focused on its specific characteristics in infants only (less than 1 year of age.) We retrospectively studied 30 cases of infantile periorbital cellulitis treated at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center from 1977 to 1988. Characteristics of the disorder in our infants older than 1 month were similar to earlier reports of older children in terms of etiology, radiological and bacteriological findings, and course. However, compared with our older infants, our seven neonates (7 to 30 days old) had a higher incidence of ruptured dacryocele (29% vs 0%) and unknown source of the infection (43% vs 4%); but a lower incidence of preceding upper respiratory infection (14% vs 78%), abnormal sinus films (0% vs 22%), and positive blood cultures (14% vs 30%). Of the positive cultures, Hemophilus sp was the most common pathogen among the older infants (35%), while Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were the most frequent among the neonates (71%). All infections remained preseptal and responded well to intravenous antibiotics.
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PMID:Periorbital cellulitis in infancy. 279 11


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